小学初中动词及过去式大全

不规则动词过去式和过去分词 巧记方法 动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, l et-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致, read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。 二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如: come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如: 1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如: l end-l ent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如: sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hol d-held-held 3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如: keep-kept-kept, sl eep-sl ept-sl ept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如: buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:have-had-had, l earn-l earnt-l earnt, l eave-l eft-l eft, l ose-l ost-l ost, make-mad e-mad e, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:bl ow- bl ew- bl own, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fall en, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊:write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, rid e-rod e-ridd en, get-got-gotten 不规则动词的过去式的构成 1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat, swim—swam 2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drive—drove,rid e—rod e,write—wrote 3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如: draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed) 4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: get—got,forget—forgot 5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如: feed—fed,meet—met 6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keep—kept,sl eep—sl ept,sweep—swept 7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: break—broke,speak—spoke 8.动词原形中的ell改为ol d,变成过去式。如: sell—sold,tell—told 9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如: stand—stood,und erstand—und erstood 10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如: bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught, teach—taught 11.以oul d结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如: can—coul d,shall—shoul d,will—woul d 12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如: come—came,become—became 13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant 〔ment〕 14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: l et—l et,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕 15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如: am,is—was,are—were,buil d—built,d o—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt, find—found,fly—fl ew,go—went,have /has— had,hol d—held,leave—l eft, make—mad e,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took A. 原型,过去式,和过去分词完全不同 drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung sink----sank----sunk bl ow----bl ew----bl own grow----grew----grown know---knew---known fly ----fl ew----fl own take----took----taken shake----shook----shaken drive----drove----driven write---wrote---written rise---rose---risen rid e----rod e----rid d en speak----spoke----spoken steal----stol e----stol en break----broke----broken wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen forget----forgot----forgotten choose----chose----chosen draw----drew----drawn eat----ate----eaten fall----fell----fallen give----gave----given hid e----hid----hidd en see----saw----seen d o----did----d one B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同 bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought fight----fought----fought buy----bought----bought catch----caught----caught sell----sold----sol d tell----told----tol d say----said----said pay----paid----paid send----sent----sent lend----l ent----l ent spend----spent----spent burn----burnt----burnt learn----l earnt----l earnt mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt smell----smelt----smelt sleep----sl ept----sl ept sweep---sl ept----sl ept l eave----l eft----l eft buil d----built----built lose----l ost----lost get----got----got meet----met----met sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot l ead----l ed----l ed spit----spat----spat have----had----had hold----held----hel d make----mad e----mad e stand----stood---stood hear----heard----heard find----found----found dig----dug----dug shine----shone----shone und erstand----und erstood----und erstood win----won----won C.原型与过去分词相同 come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同 cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put l et----l et----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit shut----shut----shut hang----hung----hung 吊,挂lie---lied---lied 说谎lie---lay---lain 躺下,位 于,平放 hanged----hanged 处绞刑lay---laid---laid 置放。 动词过去式 be (am\ is) was are were come came go went d o (d oes) did fly fl ew draw drew make mad e sing sang have (has) had eat ate drink drank put put l et l et read read can coul d see saw meet met get got forget forgot take took can coul d may might shall shoul d will woul d know knew begin began bend bent buil d built spend spent mean meant l earn l earnt l earned buy bought think thought teach taught catch caught sl eep sl ept sweep swept keep kept speak spoke rid e rod e feel felt l eave l eft give gave run ran ring rang sit sat swim swam say said stand stood tell tol d throw threw win won write wrote