[英语学习]大二英语第二单元

第三册第二单元学习讲解WordsandExpressions1.holdon:continueinspiteofdifficulties*Despiteallthehardships,heheldontohispursuitoffurtherstudyabroad.Weshouldholdontoourbusinessduringtherecession.2.defy:vt.(1)tomakeimpossibleorunsuccessful*Thisproblemdefiedsolution.Thathorriblescenedefiedanydescription.(2)torefusetoobeyTheydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.Thesecriminalswhohaddefiedthelawwereeventuallypunished.Collocations:defytheauthority反抗权威defythegovernment蔑视政府defyseverecold不畏严寒defyenumeration不胜枚举defylawshumananddivine无法无天CF.oppose,defy&resistoppose普通用词，可表不同程度的抵抗。defy指公开地、勇敢地反对或抵抗，有时含公然挑衅之意。resist指积极地反抗一种攻击、暴力或诱惑。(1)Ourtroopersare_______theenemies’attacks.(=resisting)(2)Thisnewplanhasbeenstubbornly______sinceitwasputforward.(=opposed)(3)Thelittleboycouldn’t______thetemptationandateupallthecake.(=resist)(4)He_____thecourtorderbyleavingthecountry.(=defied)3.overwhelming:adj.overpoweringineffectorstrength*Thegirlscreamedwithoverwhelmingjoyatthesightofherbirthdaypresent,apinkdress.Heeventuallygotanervousbreakdownundertheoverwhelmingpressure.4.given:prep.takingsth.intoaccountGiventhecompany’spoorachievementinthefirsthalfoftheyear,wedecidedthattheinvestmentbeleftaside.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.5.indulge:vi..[oftenusedwithin]toallowoneselftohaveordosth.thatoneenjoys,esp.sth.thatisconsideredratherbadorharmful*Forgetaboutdietingtodayandjustindulgeinthefood.Weshouldgivethechildrenmoreguidance,incasetheyindulgeinPCgames.CF.spoil&indulgespoil纵容，易造成性情的扭曲。*Don’tspoilthechildbygivinghimwhateverheasksfor.indulge指迁就或放任某人应该节制的欲望要求或感情。*Shealwaysindulgesinidledaydreams.6.interact:vi.(ofpeople)toacttogetherorco-operatively,esp.soastocommunicatewitheachother*Partiesareachanceforpeopletointeractwitheachother.Teachersshouldinteractwithstudentsfrequentlytoensureagoodclassatmosphere.7.await:vt.towaitforWearestillawaitinginstructions.Awarmwelcomeawaitsallourcustomers.8.groom:vt.totakecareoftheappearanceof(oneself)bydressingneatly,keepingthehairtidy,etc.Thelittlegirlisgroomingherselfcarefullyinfrontofthemirror.*Aflightattendantshouldalwaysbeperfectlygroomed.9.buildon :tobaseon*Ourcompany’sfuturedevelopmentisbuiltonrecentsuccess.Agoodmarriageshouldbebuiltonmutualunderstanding.10.blossom:vi.toproduceflowers*Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.Shehasblossomedoutintoabeautifulyoungwoman.11.affection:n.fondness;gentlelastinglove,likethatofaparentforachild*Theoldpriestwasheldingreataffection.Theprincipalhadafatherlyaffectionfortheyoungsters.Theoldmanfeltgreataffectionforhisgranddaughter.CF.affection,love&attachmentaffection指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，强调感情的深沉。love比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。attachment通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。(1)Fatherlookedathislittledaughterinthewhiteweddingdresswithgreat________andalittlesadness.(=affection)(2)Ineverrealizemy_______tothecomfortsofhomeuntilIhavetoleaveit.(=attachment)(3)Theyoungcouple_______eachothersomuchthattheycan’tstandamomentapart.(=love)12.flesh:n.thebodyasopposedtothemindorsoul*Thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.Lifeisnotthepursuitoffleshpleasures.Collocations:flesh-eating食肉的fleshandblood血肉之躯intheflesh活生生的，本人makeone’sfleshcreep心惊肉跳13.constraint:n.sth.thatlimitsone’sfreedomofaction*Allconstraintvanishedbetweenthetwogirlssoon,andtheybegantotalkfreely.Weshouldnotignorethemoralconstraintsinourpursuitofsuccess.14.restraint:n.theactofrestrainingortheconditionofbeingrestrained*Thepoliceofficershowedgreatrestraintwhatevertheyoungmansaidtohim.Idreamoflivingafreelife,awayfromtherestraintsofurbanexistence.Astheygrowolder,kidsbegintorebelagainsttherestraintsimposedbytheirparents.15.haste:n.quicknessofmovement,hurry*Whyallthehaste?Marryinhaste,repentatleisure.Morehaste,lessspeed.CF.haste,speed&hurryhaste中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。speed多用于褒义，指行动敏捷，效果好。hurry指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意思。(1)Don'tletanyone______youintomakingadecisionyou'llregretlater.(=hurry)(2)Inhis______toleave,heforgothisbriefcase.(=haste)(3)Postalworkerslaboredovertimeto______deliveryoftheChristmasmail.(=speed)(4)Ifyoudon't______,you'llmisstheplane.(=hurry)16.compatible:adj.abletoexist,live,orbeusedtogetherorwith(anotherthing)*Compatiblefamilyrelationsmakeachildmoretolerant.Certainkindsofdrugarenotcompatibleandshouldneverbetakentogether.Thisprinteriscompatiblewithmostcomputers.17.sensibility:n.(1)abilitytoreceiveandappreciatedelicateimpressions*Thispaintingshowshissensibilitytocolor.*Hisworksshowthatasanarchitect,heisabletocombinehisspecialtieswiththesensibilityofanartist.(2)capacityforbeingeasilyoffendedorshocked*Thisarticleoffendedmostreaders'sensibilities.Sheisagirlofsubtleandrefinedsensibilities.18.blamesth.onsth./sb.:toconsidersth./sb.responsibleforsth.bad*Thepoliceblamedtheaccidentonthetaxidriver.Theyblamethefailureonhisstubbornattitude.19.originate:vi.tohaveasanestablishedstartingpoint*ThestyleofarchitectureoriginatedfromtheancientGreeks.Mostpeople’spsychologicalproblemsoriginateintheirearlyrelationshipwiththeirparents.)CF:arise,originate&resultarise多与from连用，强调指从无到有的产生，表一种因果关系。originate强调产生变化的起源。result强调变化的最终结果。(1)Ourefforts_______insuccess.(=resulted)(2)Thisisamistakethat_______fromabasicmisunderstanding.(=arises)(3)Theconceptof“zero”_______inIndia.(=originated)(4)Therearesomeproblems______outofthelackofcommunication.(=arising)20.distort:vt.togiveafalseordishonestaccountof*TheannouncementwassodistortedthatIcouldn'tunderstandwhatwassaid.Hefeltangrywhenherealizedthathismotiveshadbeendistorted.Thehumanunderstandingislikeafalsemirror,which,receivingraysirregularly,distortsanddiscolorsthenatureofthingsbyminglingitsownnaturewithit.21.passion:n.apowerfulemotion,suchaslove,joy,hatred,oranger*He'sbeenknowntoflyintoapassionwithoutwarning.Thereisnotapassionsostronglyrootedinthehumanheartasenvy.CF.emotion,feeling,passion&sentimentemotion普通用词，词义中性。泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感从细微变化到最强烈的发作。*Shespokeunsteadilyinavoicethatbetrayedheremotion.feeling普通用词，含义广。多指具体的、内心的感受，或表露出来的强烈情感。*Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.passion指极强烈的感情，尤指愤怒、爱好等。也常指两性间的爱情。*Hispassionforhermadehimblindtoeverythingelse.sentiment一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。*Hedeliveredaspeechfullofloftysentiments.22.acquire:vt.togainbyone’sownability,effortsorbehavior*Afteryearsofstudyincollege,heacquiredproficiencyinmath.Abstractartisanacquiredtaste.CF:acquire,obtain,gain&getacquire强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。obtain较正式用词，着重指通过付出巨大努力而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。gain强调指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就，获得某种利益或好处。get普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。(1)Healwaysmanagesto______whathewants.(=obtain/get)(2)Recentlyhe_______asmallfortuneinrealestate.(=gained)(3)Ittakesalongtimeto_______agoodknowledgeofEnglish.(=acquire)(4)I_____notingbuttroubleformyefforts.(=got)23.harden:v.(causesth.)tobecomehard,strong,unyielding,etc*Thevarnishtakesafewminutestoharden.Attitudestothestrikehavehardenedonbothsides.Thesoldierswerehardenedtolifeonthefrontier.24.sufficient:adj.beingasmuchasisneeded*Mostpeoplehavesufficientincomeforacomfortableretirement.Thepartyofferedsufficientfoodforahundredguests.CF:adequate,enough&sufficientadequate指数量上足够，质量上适当。enough最普通用词，口语、书面语都可用，较强调分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。sufficient正式用词，强调数目、数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要。(1)Sevenhourssleepis_____foranadult.(=sufficient)(2)Ihopeyouleft_______roomformyluggageinthebackofthecar.(=enough)(3)Is20pounds______foryourexpenses?(=sufficient)(4)Theskater'stechniquewasonly_______.(=adequate)25.letsb.loose(onsth.):toallowsb.todealwithsth.intheirownway*Sometimesparentsshouldlettheirchildrenlooseontheirrelationships.Fatherlethissonlooseonthefamilybusinessafterhisretirement.26.forge:vt.tocreatebymeansofmuchhardwork*Weshouldforgecloselinkswithourcompetitorsaswell.Theirlong-termreciprocalrelationshipisforgedbythebothsides.27.bond:n.aunitingforceortie,alink*Thebondsofaffectionbroughtthewholefamilytogetherinthemisfortune.*Thebondbetweenmotherandchildisextremelystrong.Thetradeagreementhelpedtostrengthenthebondsbetweenthetwocountries.UsefulExpressions难以名状defydefinition大胆的想法adventurousthoughts异性theoppositegender长期计划along-termplan或多或少moreorless安定的生活asettledlife互相让步giveandtake在……基础上onthefoundationof意见一致ameetingofminds传统派thetraditionalschool培养爱情nurturelove短暂的爱short-livedlove质朴的外表theunpretentiouslooks一个久远的年代abygoneera随大流jumponthebandwagon心灵的契合mentalcompatibilities把……归咎于blame…on弄清楚figureout扭曲的情感distortedemotions确定重点setpriorities履行承诺honorone’scommitments终身不渝的关系life-longbondsProverbsandQuotations1.Beautyliesinlover'seyes.情人眼里出西施。2.Followloveanditwillflee,fleeloveanditwillfollowthee.追求爱情，它会逃离你；逃避爱情，它会跟着你。3.Friendshipislikeearthenware:oncebroken,itcanbemended;loveislikeamirror:oncebroken,thatendsit.友谊就像陶器，破了可以修补；爱情好比镜子，一旦打破就难重圆。4.Firstloveisonlyalittlefoolishnessandalotofcuriosity.初恋就是一点点笨拙外加许许多多好奇。5.Thereisnoparadiseonearthequaltotheunionofloveandinnocence.人间最大的幸福莫如既有爱情又清白无瑕。6.Gravitationisnotresponsibleforpeoplefallinginlove.并非地球引力使人坠入爱河。DifficultSentences1.Giventhebusynatureofourlives,it’stobeappreciatedthatweevenfindthetimetoindulgeinmattersoftheheart.(1)Whatdoes“mattersoftheheart”mean?(=somethingspiritualandemotionallikelove.)(2)Paraphrasethissentence.(=Takingintoaccountthatweareallbusysatisfyingourmaterialneeds,weshouldfeelgratefulthatwestillhavethetimetoenjoythefeelingof\lovingandbeingloved.)2.Harmlesspuppylovesthatareasbriefassoapbubbles.(1)Whatarepuppyloves?(=Puppyloveshappentopeopletooyoungtounderstandtruelove.)(2)Whatarethesamecharacteristicsthatpuppylovesandsoapbubblesshareaccordingtothesentence?(=Theyarebothshortinexistenceandwon’tproducetoomuchinfluenceonpeoplenorwilltheydoharmtopeople.)3.…nothingcouldbemoreseriousanaffairforme.(1)Whatdoesthissentenceimply?(=Tome,aloveaffairwasthemostseriousthing.)(2)Analyzethissentencegrammatically.(=Thestructure“nothingcanbemore(+adj.)thansth.”meanssth.isthemost(=adj.).Whenthecomparativedegreeisusedinanegativesentence,mostoftenitmeansthesuperlativedegree.Moreexamples:*Nobodycandothejobbetterthanhecan.*Itcan’tbeworse.)4.Thosethreehoursofunhesitantattentionbyagroupofwell-groomedyounggentlemenprovidedwithenoughcontenttotalkandfeelexcitedaboutforthenextfourweeks.(1)Whatusuallywouldhappenatthesocial?(=Thoseneatlydressedboyswouldneverhesitatetopayattentiontothegirlsortoattractthegirls’attention.)(2)Whatusuallywouldhappentothegirlsafterthesocial?(=Theyalwaysfeltexcitedandwouldkeepontalkingaboutthesocialexperienceforweeks.)5.Andithastobedistinguishedfromtheintensebutshort-livedloveorthepleasuresoftheflesh.(1)What’sthedifferencebetweentrueloveandtheintensebutshort-livedloveorthepleasuresoftheflesh?(=Truelovedevelopsslowlybutlastslong,anditneedsmoresharing,caringandmutualunderstandingthantheintensebutshort-livedloveorthepleasuresoftheflesh.)(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。)6.Anagewhenthedistancebetweenthesexessomehowmanagedtohelppreservetheholinessofloveandrelationships.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(=Distancebetweensexesinsomewaycontributestotheholinessofloveandrelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen.)7.Whatwehavebeenexposedtoviathemediahavefastpacedoursensibilitiessomuchthattakingthingsslowrequireseffortonourparts.(1)Whatistheinfluenceofmediaonusaccordingtotheauthor?(=Itmakesusmentallyandemotionallyrespondtolovemorequickly.)(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=我们从媒体中接触到的人和事，使我们的感情历程大大加速，要想慢慢体会自己的感受，确实需要付出努力。)8.Thereismoreofclosenessandlessofintimacy.(1)Whatisthedifferencebetweenclosenessandintimacy?(=Closenessismeantinaphysicalsense,whileintimacyisinthespiritualsense.)(2)Whatdoesthissentenceimply?(=Peopleinlovecancontacteachothermoreeasily,buttheyaren’tasspirituallyclosetoeachotherasbefore.)9.Inshort,thereismoreofMEandlessofUS.Whatdoesthissentencemean?(=Todayyoungpeoplehandleloveinamoreself-centeredway,onlyconcernedwiththeirownfeelingsandeveninterestsinanaffair,forgettingthatlovealsoneedssharingandgiving.)10.Whatabouttryingtobeself-sufficientemotionallybeforelettingourselvesloose?(1)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(Onlywhenwebecomeemotionallymaturecanwestartarelationshipandindulgeinlove.)(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(等我们在感情上成熟起来后再尽情地追求爱情，怎么样？)11.Whataboutchannelingourenergiesandemotionstowardbuildinglife-longbondsratherthanwastingthemonseasonalrelationships?(1)Whatdo“them”refertointhissentence?(=ourenergiesandemotions)(2)Whatdo“seasonalrelationships”mean?(=Literallytheexpressionmeansrelationshipsthatvaryfromseasontoseason.Hereitmeansshort-livedrelationshipsweareinvolvedinwithdifferentpeople.)12.Andweshouldnothavebecomesotiredbyourfrivolousactsthatwhenitcomeswearen’tabletoreceiveitwithopenarms.(1)Whatdoes“it”refertointhissentence?(=truelove)(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=我们本不应任由轻佻的行为令自己身心疲惫，以致当真爱到来时，却没有能力张开双臂迎接它。)1.Ineitherfriendshiporlove,youshouldneverexpecttotakethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.2.Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromises,onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.ReferencetoTranslation3.Wetookmothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.4.Valentine’sDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyouraffection.5.Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmostsimultaneous.6.Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheother’scompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.PassageTranslationAfterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebackformtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.SampleEssayforWritingMale-femalerelationsareindispensabletoadultsallthroughtheirlives.Butdifferentgenerationshandlethemdifferently.Ourparents’generationlivedinaneraofconstraints,restraints,respects,admiration,andplentyofromance.Theykeptadistancefrompeopleoftheoppositegenderinordertopreservetheholinessofloveandrelationships.Mygeneration,ontheotherhand,beganwithcountlesscrushesfortheoppositesexjustbecauseoftheirsuperficialcharm.Harmlessastheywere,thelovewasasbriefassoapbubbles.Aswegrewup,wecametothestageofdevelopingrealrelationships,believingthatlovedemandedalotofgiveandnotsomuchoftake.Bycomparison,theyoungergenerationismoreopen-mindedandlessrestrictedinhandlingthematterofloveandrelationships.Theyjumponthebandwagonoflovewithsohastethatitisdifficultforthemtodistinguishbetweenphysicalattractionandmentalcompatibilities.Inshort,theyoungergenerationfocusesmoreonphysicalbeauty,closenessandpassion,andtheytendtoseekwhattheywantfromtherelationships.Theothertwogenerationsgiveprioritytoinnercharm,intimacy,emotionandsharingindealingwithrelationships.