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中国英语学习者运动事件的双向概念迁移研究

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中国英语学习者运动事件的双向概念迁移研究w此靠外?语大#硕士学位论文中文题目中国英语学习者运动事件的双向概念迁移研究外文题目BidirectionalConceptualTransferinMotionKve;itsof—?X■■■■——-■■--■—_ChineseEFLLearners;姓名刘雪冉学号16011012导师陈亚平研究力向英语语言学与应用语言学专业英语语言文学...

中国英语学习者运动事件的双向概念迁移研究
w此靠外?语大#硕士学位论文中文题目中国英语学习者运动事件的双向概念迁移研究外文题目BidirectionalConceptualTransferinMotionKve;itsof—?X■■■■——-■■--■—_ChineseEFLLearners;姓名刘雪冉学号16011012导师陈亚平研究力向英语语言学与应用语言学专业英语语言文学系别英语学院英语系2019年6月3日北京外国语大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研宂工作所取得的成果。除文中己经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体己经发表或撰写过的作品或成果,也不包含为获得北京外国语大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书撰写的或使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均己在论文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。论文作者签名:3令勹隱叫年⑷日学位论文使用授权说明本人完全了解北京外国语大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定,SP:按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本;学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版,并提供目录检索与阅览服务;学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文;学校可以公开论文的全部或部分内容。论文作者签名:导师签名:辦曰期:w/了年(月5曰曰期:w丨y年&月¥曰iAcknowledgementsItisonlywithconstantencouragementandhelpfrommanypeoplethatIcouldhavefulfilledthisthesis.Firstandforemost,Iwishtoexpressmysinceregratitudetothoseprofessorswhoselectureshavecultivatedmyinterestinlinguisticsandprovidedmewithilluminatingideastowritethisthesis.Especially,Iwouldliketogivemygreatestgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorChenYaping,whohasledmetothefieldofsecondlanguageacquisitionandpsycholinguistics,givenmepatientguidanceandnumerousinsightfulsuggestionsthroughoutthewritingprocessofthisthesis,aswellassuccessiveencouragementandcarebothinmystudyandinmylife.Withouthersupervisionandinspiration,thisthesiswouldneverhavebeenpossible.IwouldalsoliketogivespecialthankstoProfessorWuZhaohongandtwoschoolmates,QiuChenhuiandZhaoZhen.ProfessorWuandQiuChenhuihelpedmelearntousethesoftwareE-primeandpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutdataanalysis.ZhaoZhengavemegreatsupportinseekingparticipants,introducingmanynativeEnglishspeakerstome.Myheartfeltappreciationalsogoestoalltheparticipantsoftheresearchwhokindlyofferedtheirtimeandeffortstocompletetheinvestigation.Finally,mygratitudegoestomyparents,whohaveconstantlysupportedandencouragedmebothinmylifeandintheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Theirlovehasalwayssustainedmeinmystudy.FromallthesepeopleIhaveprofitedalot.Anydefectofthisthesisismyownresponsibility.iii摘要概念迁移是语言迁移领域一个新的研宄趋势,然而学界对概念迁移的定义和判断方法仍不完善,现有研究多从语言层面来 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 概念迁移,往往导致对迁移的过度解释,而探讨概念迁移双向性的研宄更是凤毛菱角。运动事件是概念迁移研究常用的概念域之一。不同语言对运动事件的概念化和词汇化方式可能不同,这种跨语言差异为研宄概念迁移提供了基础。然而,汉语的运动事件类型学归属仍存在争议,基于汉语和英语运动事件概念域探讨概念迁移的研宂不多且结果存在分歧。本研宄在梳理概念迁移的界定和判断并分析汉语、英语运动事件词汇化和概念化方式差异的基础上,通过线下和线上实验相结合的方法,采用图片故事描述任务和视频相似性判断任务,聚焦运动事件中的两个重要成分一一运动方式和运动路径,考察中国英语学习者对运动事件中运动方式和运动路径的词汇化和概念化方式,以此探究双向概念迁移是否存在以及双向迁移是否受二语水平影响。研宄包括4组受试:低、高水平英语学习者和汉语、英语本族语者。实验数据采用E-Prime2.0、BFSUPowerConc1.0和SPSS16.0进行收集和分析,并运用线性混合模型等方法进行显著性检验。研宄有3点发现:1、汉语和英语在运动事件词汇化和概念化方式上差异显著,表现为汉语本族语者使用更多路径动词(和路径卫星词)和凸显路径的词汇化结构,而英语本族语者使用方式动词和凸显方式的词汇化结构较多;相应地,汉、英本族语者在相似性判断任务中对方式一致和路径一致运动事件刺激的相似性判断结果和反应时也有显著差异,表明汉语和英语对运动方式和运动路径的相对凸显性不同,汉语更突显运动路径而英语更突显运动方式。2、中国英语学习者描述运动事件时会发生双向概念迁移。正向迁移表现为英语学习者用英语描述运动事件时体现出汉语运动事件词汇化特征,即比英语本族语者更多使用路径动词(和路径卫星词)和凸显路径的词汇化结构,而使用方式动词和凸显方式的词汇化结构较少,反向迁移表现为英语学习者用汉语描述运动事件时体现出英语运动事件词汇化特征,比汉语本族语者使用的路径动词(和路径卫星词)和凸显路径的词汇化结构少而方式动词和凸显方式的词汇化结构多;英语学习者的概念化方式也显著区别于汉、英本族语者,其运动方式和运动路径的凸显度都低于汉、英本族语者,呈现出一种“中和”的趋势,且每个英语学习者的运动事件词汇化和概念化方式有显著相关性,从而证明了语言表达中的双向迁移发生在概念层面。3、概念迁移受二语水平影响:英语水平越V高,正向迁移越弱,逆向迁移越强。这表现为高、低英语水平的英语学习者的运动事件词汇化和概念化方式整体上差异显著,前者更接近英语本族语者,后者更偏向汉语本族语者。在两个实验结果的基础上,研宄通过个案分析,进一步讨论了双向概念迁移的表现,探讨了双向概念迁移的发生机制及随二语发展的变化模式,还发现英语学习者的运动事件词汇化和概念化具有区别于一语和二语单语者的独特特征。本研宄阐明了汉语和英语的运动事件词汇化和概念化的特征,加深了对概念层面语言间相互作用的理解,提出了概念迁移研究的新思路和方法,还对外语教学有一定启示,证明了从概念层面讲解跨语言差异的重要性。关键词:双向概念迁移;运动事件;词汇化;概念化;二语水平viAbstractConceptualtransferisanewresearchtrendinthefieldoflanguagetransfer,yetissuesregardingitsdefinitionandmodeofverificationremainunsettled.Previousstudiesmostlybasedtheirinvestigationofconceptualtransferonparticipants,verbalexpression,whichisinsufficienttoprovethatthetransferidentifiedoccursattheconceptuallevel.Moreover,thebidirectionalityofconceptualtransferisseldomtouchedupon.Motioneventisacommonlychosenconceptualdomaintostudyconceptualtransfer.Differentlanguagesmaydifferintheirwaysofconceptualizingandlexicalizingmotionevents,andthiscross-linguisticdifferencelaysthefoundationfordetectingconceptualtransfer.Nonetheless,themotioneventtypologyofChineseisstillcontroversial,thusstudiesonconceptualtransferbasedontheChinese-Englishdifferencesinmotioneventsarelimitedinnumberandconflictinginresults.Byclarifyingthecriteriaandmethodsofverifyingconceptualtransfer,aswellasthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualizationpatterns,thisstudyinvestigatedChineseEFLlearners5lexicalizationandconceptualizationofmotionevents,focusingontwocrucialcomponentsofmotionevents,MannerandPath.ToexplorewhetherbidirectionalconceptualtransferoccursandwhetherthetransferisinfluencedbyL2proficiency,twoexperimentswereconducted:anofflinestoryretellingtaskandanonlinesimilarityjudgmenttask.Fourgroupsofparticipantstookpartinthetwoexperiments:low-proficiencyEFLlearners,high-proficiencyEFLlearners,nativeChinesespeakersandnativeEnglishspeakers.ThedatawerecollectedandanalyzedwiththehelpofE-Prime2.0,BFSUPowerConc1.0andSPSS16.0,withseveralstatisticaltestsincludinglinearmixed-effectsmodelemployedtoexaminethesignificanceoftheeffects.Thestudyhasthreefindings.Firstly,ChineseandEnglishdiffersignificantlyinmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualization,whichismanifestedasthatnativeChinesespeakersusemorepathverbs(andpathsatellites)andPath-salientconstructiontypes,whilenativeEnglishspeakersusemoremannerverbsandManner-salientconstructiontypes;accordingly,inthesimilarityjudgmenttask,nativespeakersofChineseandEnglishsignificantlydifferinthepreferencetypesandreactiontimeofManner-matchandPath-matchstimuli,indicatingthatChineseandEnglisharedifferentintherelativesalienceofMannerandPath,ChinesemoresalientinPathwhereasEnglishmoreinManner.Secondly,ChineseEFLlearnershaveundergonebidirectionaltransferwhenconceptualizingandlexicalizingmotionevents.ForwardtransferismanifestedasthatEFLviilearners5motioneventdescriptioninEnglish,presentingChinesefeaturesofmotioneventlexicalization,issignificantlydifferentfromthatofnativeEnglishspeakersinthattheyusemorepathverbs(andpathsatellites)andPath-salientconstructiontypesbutfewermannerverbsandManner-salientconstructiontypes.BackwardtransferissupportedbytheevidencethatEFLlearnersusefewerpathverbs(andpathsatellites)andPath-salientconstructiontypesbutmoremannerverbsandManner-salientconstructiontypesthannativeChinesespeakerswhendescribingmotioneventsinChinese,showingthefeaturesofEnglishmotioneventlexicalization.EFLlearnersalsodiffersignificantlyfromnativespeakersofChineseandEnglishintermsofmotioneventconceptualization,whoneitheremphasizeMannernorpayattentiontoPathasmuchasdonativespeakersofChineseandEnglish,butpresentatendencyof‘‘neutrality’’inmotioneventconceptualization.Besides,asignificantby-subjectcorrelationisidentifiedbetweenmotioneventlexicalizationpatternsandconceptualizationpatterns,provingthatbidirectionaltransferinlanguageexpressionoccursattheconceptuallevel.Thirdly,high-proficiencyEFLlearners'motioneventlexicalizationandconceptualizationpatternsaregenerallysignificantlydifferentfromthoseoflow-proficiencyEFLLearnerswiththeformermoresimilartonativeEnglishspeakerswhilethelattermoreapproximatetonativeChinesespeakers,indicatingthatthehighertheEnglishproficiency,thelessprominenttheforwardtransferandthemoreprominentthebackwardtransfer.Onthebasisoftheresultsofthetwoexperiments,thisstudyfurtherdiscussesthemanifestationofbidirectionalconceptualtransferbycaseanalysis,exploresthemechanismofbidirectionalconceptualtransferaswellasitsvariationalongwithL2development,andalsofindsthatEFLlearnershaveuniquefeaturesinmotioneventconceptualizationandlexicalizationwhicharedifferentfromLIandL2monolinguals.ThepresentstudyclarifiesthefeaturesofChineseandEnglishmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualization,deepensourunderstandingoftheinteractionbetweenlanguagesattheconceptuallevel,optimizesthemethodoftestingandanalyzingconceptualtransfer,andalsohassomeimplicationstoforeignlanguageteaching,highlightingtheimportanceofinstructingcross-linguisticdifferencesattheconceptuallevel.Keywords:bidirectionalconceptualtransfer;motionevents;lexicalization;conceptualization;L2proficiencyviiiTableofContents1.Introduction11.1Backgroundofthestudy11.2Significanceofthestudy21.3Organizationofthethesis32.LiteratureReview32.1Conceptualtransfer32.1.1Definitionandjudgmentofconceptualtransfer32.1.2Theoriesregardingconceptualtransfer42.2Motionevents62.2.1Typologicalclassificationofmotionevents72.2.2DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinmotioneventtypology92.3Previousstudiesonconceptualtransferinmotionevents102.3.1Empiricalstudiesabroad102.3.2Empiricalstudiesathome123.ResearchMethod133.1Researchquestions133.2Researchdesign133.3Participants153.4Materials163.5Procedure163.6Dataanalysis184.Results194.1Motioneventlexicalization204.1.1ComparisonbetweenChineseandEnglishinmotioneventlexicalization204.1.2Forwardtransferinmotioneventlexicalization224.1.3Backwardtransferinmotioneventlexicalization254.2Motioneventconceptualization294.2.1Motioneventconceptualizationreflectedbypreferencetype294.2.2Motioneventconceptualizationreflectedbyreactiontime324.3Correlationbetweenmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualization385.Discussion395.1Manifestationofconceptualtransfer405.2Mechanismofconceptualtransfer435.3RelationbetweenconceptualtransferandL2proficiency465.4UniquefeaturesofEFLlearners486.Conclusion496.1Majorfindings496.2Implications506.3Limitationsandsuggestionsforfurtherresearch52References54ixAppendix164Appendix269Appendix371Appendix472Appendix573Appendix674X1.Introduction1.1BackgroundofthestudySincelinguisticrelativitywasproposedhighlightingtheinfluenceoflanguageonthought,studiesoflanguagetransferhavegraduallyturneditsfocusfromthelinguisticleveltotheconceptuallevel.Studiesonconceptualtransferhasgainedmomentuminrecentyears,butthedefinition,theoreticalbasesandmethodsofjudgingconceptualtransferareyettobeimproved(Wen2010;Cai&Li2016b),withagreatnumberofstudiesconfusingconceptualtransferwithsemantictransferandover-interpretingthelatter(Jarvis&Pavlenko2008:171).Onecriterionofdistinguishingbetweenthetwoisthatconceptualtransferisusuallyidentifiedinconceptualdomains,ofwhichmotioneventisawidelystudiedone.Accordingtohowalanguagelexicalizesmotionevents,Talmy,in1985,dividedlanguagesintotwotypes,satellite-framedlanguages(S-Languagesforshort)andverb-framedlanguages(V-Languagesforshort).Sincethen,muchattentionhasbeendevotedtothecross-linguistictypologicaldifferences.However,thetypologicalstatusesofsomelanguages,likeChinese,areundecidedyet(Talmy2000a,2000b;Slobin2004a;Shi2012).Consequently,themajorityofthestudiesonconceptualtransferinmotioneventschosetypicalS-LanguagesorV-Languages,EnglishandSpanishforinstance,whereasChineseasamarginallanguageintypologicalclassificationwasmuchlessinvestigated.Besides,researchonconceptualtransfermostlyfocusedontheeffectsofthefirstlanguage(LI)onthesecond(L2)(forwardtransfer)ratherthantheeffectsofL2onLI(backwardtransfer),whereasconceptualtransfermightbecharacteristicallybidirectional,sincebilingualshaveoneintegratedconceptualsysteminwhichLIandL2conceptsinteract(Jarvis2011).Therefore,thebidirectionalityofconceptualtransferneedsmoreattention.Moreover,mostempiricalstudiesonconceptualtransferinmotioneventstargetedbilingualsproficientinL2,whereaswhetherconceptualtransfermayhappentoL2learnerswithvariantL2proficiencycallsforfurtherresearch.ToexaminewhetherbidirectionalconceptualtransferoccurswhenL2learnersconceptualizeandlexicalizemotionevents,thisstudytargetsChineseEFLlearnersandcomparestheirmotioneventconceptualizationandlexicalizationpatternswiththoseofnativespeakersofChineseandEnglish.Sincetransferstudiesusuallytakethecross-linguisticdifferencesasthebasisforlookingatbilinguals’performanceandidentifyingthephenomenonoftransfer(Bassetti&Cook2011),whetherChineseandlEnglishdiffersignificantlyinmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualizationischeckedfirstinthisstudy.Tomakecertainwhetherthetransferdetectedoccursattheconceptuallevelormerelyatthelinguisticlevel,twoexperimentsareconducted,oneofflineandtheotheronline,toinvestigaterespectivelythelexicalizationandconceptualizationofmotionevents.Withthesetwoexperiments,thisstudyisdesignedtoprobeintothreequestions,namely,1)whetherChineseandEnglishdifferinmotioneventlexicalizationandconceptualizationpatterns;2)whetherbidirectionalconceptualtransferoccurswhenChineseEFLlearnersconceptualizeandlexicalizemotioneventsand3)whetherbidirectionalconceptualtransferisrelatedtoL2proficiency.1.2SignificanceofthestudyThesignificanceofthestudycanbeassessedfromthreeperspectives:theoretical,pedagogicalandmethodological.Theoretically,thesignificanceisthreefold.Firstly,bybroadeningthescopeofconceptualtransferstudies,itprovidesadditionalinformationfortheorizingconceptualtransfer.Theoriesofconceptualtransferwereproposedbasedmainlyonevidencefromthelexicalcategory,whereasthegrammaticalcategory,ahighlyabstractlevelofconceptualizinginformationforexpression,hasnotbeenthefocusofattention(Fleckenetal.2013).Thepresentstudy,investigatingthedomainofmotionevent,isexpectedtoprovideadditionalinsightintothemechanismofconceptualtransferfromtheperspectiveofthegrammaticalcategory.Secondly,sincethetypologyofChineseisstillcontroversial,thisstudymayhelpclarifythetypologicalcharacteristicsofChinesethroughanalyzingthemotioneventlexicalizationpatternsofChineseandcomparingthemwiththoseofEnglish.Thirdly,byrelatingL2learners,motioneventlexicalizationpatternstotheirconceptualizationpatterns,thisstudyisexpectedtoenrichthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought,asrelevantstudiesarecenteredonthedomainofspatialreference,withmanyotherdomainstobeinvestigated(Riemer2010:421).PedagogicalIy,byrevealinghowEFLlearnerslexicalizeandconceptualizemotioneventsintheirLIandL2,thisstudyhopestoshedsomelightonforeignlanguageteachingandfacilitateEFLlearners’acquisitionofL2knowledgeofmotionevents.Withregardtothemethodologicalsignificance,averbaltaskiscombinedwithanon-verbaltasktoverifywhetherthetransferidentifiedinlanguageexpression,ifany,occursattheconceptuallevel.Bydoso,thisstudytriestoexploreamorerigorousmethodofdetectingandanalyzingbidirectionalconceptualtransfer,avoidingtheconfusionbetweenlanguagetransferand2conceptualtransferasdidbythosestudiesanalyzingonlytheverbaldata.1.3OrganizationofthethesisThethesisconsistsofsixchapters.Chapter1brieflyintroducesthetopic,backgroundandsignificanceofthestudy.Chapter2reviewsthestudyofconceptualtransferandmotionevents,includingtherelevanttheoriesandempiricalresearch.Chapter3spellsouttheresearchmethodology,whichinvolvesthedescriptionoftherationaleforresearchdesign,participants,materials,proceduresanddataanalysis.InChapter4,theresultsoftheresearcharepresentedquantitatively.ThenChapter5discussestheresultswithcasesanalyzedqualitatively.Finally,Chapter6endsthethesiswithsometentativeconclusions,implications,limitationsaswellassuggestionsforfutureresearch.2.LiteratureReview2.1Conceptualtransfer2.1.1DefinitionandjudgmentofconceptualtransferConceptualtransfer,generallyspeaking,dealswithcross-linguisticinfluencesonverbalandmentaldescriptionofmeaning(Jarvis2011).Inotherwords,itencompassestheprocessesofbothlexicalizationandconceptualization.Lexicalizationistheprocessofencodingmeaningintolanguagestructuresforverbalexpressionwhileconceptualizationreferstotheprocessofconstructingconceptualstructuresofmeaninginthemind(Jarvis2011).Thewaysinwhichmeaningisencodedinlanguageandrepresentedinthoughtaretermedlexicalizationpatternsandconceptualizationpatternsrespectively.Conceptualtransfer“startswithlanguageandends,viacognition,withlanguage”(Jarvis&Pavlenko2008:115).Toputitanotherway,conceptualtransferisembodiedinverbalbehaviors,butisderivedfromtheconceptualizationpatternsintheconceptualsystem.ItiscausedbythereconstructionoftheconceptualsystemowingtotheinteractionofLIandL2concepts,whichmeansthatL2learnerswhoshowconceptualtransferinlanguageusehaveadifferentconceptualsystemfrommonolingualsofLIandL2.Thekeytoidentifyconceptualtransferistodistinguishitfromlanguagetransfer.Conceptualtransferfallsunderthecategoryoflanguagetransfer,butdiffersfromthetraditionalmeaningoflanguagetransferwhichdealsonlywiththeoccurrenceoflinguisticforms,withoutconsideringtheparticipationofconceptualknowledge.Theoccurrenceofconceptualtransferpresupposestheoccurrenceoflanguagetransfer,butnotviceversa.Toillustrate,if3aL2learnerexhibitsconceptualtransfer,heorsheisdifferentfromnativespeakersnotonlyinlanguageuse,butalsoinwaysofthinking;bycontrast,languagetransferoccursonlyatthelinguisticlevel,sothataL2learneridentifiedashavinglanguagetransferdiffersfromnativespeakersonlyinlanguageusebutnotintheconceptualsystem.Thejudgmentofconceptualtransferisalsodifferentfromthatoftraditionallanguagetransferinatleasttwoperspectives.Firstly,traditionallanguagetransferstudiesbasetheirexaminationoftransferonthelinguisticaspects,suchasphonetic,lexical,semantic,syntacticandpragmaticaspects,whileconceptualtransferstudiesusuallyinvestigateconceptualdomains,includingobject,emotion,personhood,gender,number,time,space,motion,etc.(Jarvis&Pavlenko2008).Secondly,traditionallanguagetransferstudiesonlyconcernparticipants’languageuse.Forconceptualtransfer,notonlytheparticipants7verbaldataareneeded,butalsotheirconceptualizationi
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