人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或
表
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语
人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语使用。如:
We all like him.(we作主语,him作宾语)—Who is it?—It's I/me.(it作主语,I/me作表语) 当句中三种人称单数并列时一般顺序是you, he and I(即二、三、一);复数并列时顺序是we, you and they。
(2)it的用法
?代替前面提到过的事物。如:
This is a watch. It is new.
这是一块手表,它是新的。
?指时间、天气、距离等。如:
—How's the weather today,今天天气怎样,
—It's sunny.天气晴朗。
It's eight o'clock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。
代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。如:
____hard for me________the homework on time.
对我而言,按时完成作业有困难。
We think it helpful________a walk after supper.
我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。
________him three days to finish reading the book.
他花了三天时间读完了那本
书
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。
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,用于名词前作定语,相当于形容词的作用;名词性物主代词单独使用,相当于名词的作用。名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词,名词。如:
This is his computer. , This computer is his.
这是他的电脑。
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 ______ ourselves
第二人称 yourself ______
herself
第三人称 himself ______
______
2.用法
(1)反身代词在句子中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语),和句子中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如:
The girl is too young to look after ______.
这个女孩太小,不能照顾自己。(作宾语)
(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。如:
I myself can do this work well.
我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语)
You can ask the teacher herself.
你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语)
固定搭配
leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
______________ 随便吃/喝
by oneself 单独地
______________ 过得快乐;玩得开心
learn by oneself,teach oneself 自学
______________ 伤害某人自己
come to oneself 苏醒
say to oneself 心里想;自言自语
make oneself at home 别拘束
指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有: 单数 复数
指近处 this (这个) these (这些)
指远处 that (那个) those (那些)
1(this/that可用于电话用语中,this代表自己,that则代表对方。如:
Hello! This is Jane.喂~我是简。 Is that Mike,你是迈克吗,
Who is that,你是谁,
2(it, one, that的用法区别
为了避免重复,可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词。注意以下几点:
(1)it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况。it可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。如: She enjoyed the story because it is very interesting.
她喜欢这个故事,因为很有趣。
The food is delicious. I like it very much.
这食物很可口,我很喜欢。
(2)one用以避免重复单数可数名词。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人,其复数形式为ones。
My sweater is very old. I'll buy a new one.
我的毛衣旧了,我要买件新的。
The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.
绿色铅笔是你的,红色铅笔是我的。
(3)that用来代替物,不能代替人,它既可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词,其复数形式为those。如:
The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.
这个城市的人口比那个镇的人口多很多。
The apples in the box are different from those on the table.
盒子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。
1(定义
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, a lot of,
lots of以及some, any, no, every与thing, body或one构成的复合不定代词。
2(常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析
(1)few, a few, little与a little
用法 肯定意义 否定意义
修饰可数名词 a few few
(复数) (几个,一些) (几乎没有)
修饰不可数 a little little
名词 (一点) (很少,不多)
He has ____________ friends,but he has ____________ good friends.他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。
There's still ____________ meat at home,but there's ____________ bread. 家里还有点肉,但是几乎没面包了。
(2)some与any
?二者均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。
?在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。如:
Would you like __________, 来点儿茶吗,
Will you please get ______________ for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗,
(3)both, all, neither, either, any与none
使用范围 都 都不 之一
两者 both neither either
三者或三者以上 all none any
My parents are ________ teachers.我父母都是老师。
There are some trees on ________ side of the road. 马路两边都有树。
I like ________ of these two coats. 两件大衣我都不喜欢。
4)many, much与a lot of
三者都表示“许多”。其中many 和much 常用于否定句和疑问句中;肯定句中常用a lot of 。many修饰可数名词复数;much修饰不可数名词;a lot of(,lots of)既可以修饰可数名词复数,又可以修饰不可数名词。
(5)each与every
两者都表示“每个,各个”,each强调每个人或事物的个别情况,即强调个体;every有“全体”的意思,即强调整体。如:
________ of them has a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。
__________ minute is important to us.对我们来说每分钟都很重要。
6)another,(the)other与(the)others
other泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词。
others等于“other,复数名词”,泛指“别的人或物”;the other(,单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one„the other„”结构。
the others等于“the other,复数名词”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。
another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。如:
Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想法吗,
I have two brothers.__________ is a doctor,__________ is a teacher. 我有两个兄弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。
He is always ready to help __________( 他总是乐意帮助别人。
Five of them are in the classroom.What about _________,他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢,
Don't lose heart. Have __________ try. 别灰心,再试一次。
(7)复合不定代词
指代人的有: someone/somebody(某人), anyone/anybody(任何人), nobody(没人), everyone/everybody(每个人)。
指代事物的有: something(某事,某物), anything(任何事), nothing(没什么),everything(每
件事,一切)。请注意以下几点:
? 以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法和some, any的用法一样。(some和any的
用法见上文)
? 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如:
Is there ____________________ in today's newspaper?
今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗,
? 复合不定代词作主语视为单数。如:
Nobody __________ his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
疑问代词主要有who(谁), whom(谁), which(哪一个/哪一些),what(什么)和whose(谁的),用
来构成特殊疑问句,放在句子开头。如:
______ do you want to know? 你想要知道什么,
______ shirt is this? 这是谁的衬衫,
用所给词的适当形式填空
1(Ms Li teaches ________ (we) math this term.
2(This isn't ________ (she) watch. She lost hers.
3(My schoolbag is the same as ________ (you)(
4(They enjoyed ____________ (they) at the party.
5(________ (that) blue socks look very nice.
6(Everyone in our class ________ (study) hard every day.
7(He doesn't have ________ (something) to do.
8(________ (whom) spoke at the meeting?
9(Help ________ (yourself) to some beef, Jack.
10(Shall we wait for ________ (they) at the school gate?
11(________(we)teachers are very friendly to us.
12(Bob is a friend of ________ ( I ). We often help each other.
13(That's my father. ________ (him) is reading a
newspaper.
14(She cooked dinner by ________ (she)(
15(My school is bigger than ________ (her)(
16(I think the bike can't be ________ ( he)(
17(Jane is sitting between Lily and ________ (my)(
18(Their books are older than ________ (we)(
19(Please take some cards to ________ (she)(
20(Don't make ________ (his) feel sad.
21(________ (us) should be polite to the old.
22(My sister has a cat. ________ (it) name is Mimi.
23(The little boy can't dress ________ (him)(
24(Does ________(somebody) have anything more to say?