2011年6月到2012年12月英语四级真题_答案_听力原文

2011年6月到2012年12月英语四级真题_ 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 _听力原文 2011年6月四级考题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1(现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2(网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3(我的建议 Online Shopping 注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage. British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New British cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new. Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say. "The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish. "It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says. There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给). "As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens." They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain. 1 Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor. With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes." Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restau rants are modifying therecipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes. Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for ourcustards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that." Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged." These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats." However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients. "We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples." The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is avail able in the local markets. "We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are pre sented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish." Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain. Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine. At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in 2 Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says. This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them." Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast." 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. What is British food generally known for? A) Its unique flavour. C) Its special cooking methods. B) Its bad taste. D) Its organic ingredients. 2. The Second World War led to________ in Britain. A)an inadequate supply of food C) an increase in food import B) a decrease of grain production D) a change in people's eating habits 3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades? A) Its food lacked variety. C) It was short of well-trained chefs. B) Its people cared more for quantity. D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients. 4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of . A) most young people C) all kinds of overseas visitors B) elderly British diners D) upper-class customers 5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn? A) Authentic classic cuisine. C) New ideas and presentations. B) Locally produced ingredients. D) The return of home-style dishes. 6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should________ . A) benefit people's health C) be offered at reasonable prices B) look beautiful and inviting D) maintain British traditional tastes 7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain? A) They appeal to people from all over the world. C) They are processed in a scientific way. B) They are produced on excellent organic farms. D) They come in a great variety. 8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _______. 9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______. 10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to _______. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each ques tion there will be a 3 pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A) He is careless about his appearance. B) He is ashamed of his present condition. C) He changes jobs frequently. D) He shaves every other day. 12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam. B) Jane should have started a little earlier. C) He knows what sort of person Jane is. D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane. 13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships. B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip. C) Collecting information about baseball games. D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance. 14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident. B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury. C) He lost his mother two weeks ago. D) He has been having a hard time. 15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time. B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture. C) The man is making a fuss about nothing. D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker. 16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic. B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects. C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service. D) Tutoring services are very popular with students. 17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week. B) Jill missed her class last week. D) She is in the same class as the man. 18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience. B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. C) Pain and pleasure in sports. B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. D) A sport he participates in. 20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point. B)He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment. C)He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery. D)He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing. 21. A) New ideas come up as you write. B)Much time is spent on collecting data. 4 C)A lot of effort is made in vain. D)The writer's point of view often changes. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper. B)Director of evening radio programs. C)Producer of television commercials. D)Hostess of the weekly "Business World". 23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help. B)He and his wife did everything by themselves. C)He worked both as a cook and a waiter. D)He hired a cook and two local waitresses. 24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays. B)He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers. C)He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year. D)He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers. 25. A) The restaurant location. C) The food variety. B) The restaurant atmosphere. D) The food price. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children. B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged. C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it. 27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired. B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults. C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children. D) It can permanently change the eye structure. 28. A) It can never be done even with high technology. B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight. C)It is a major achievement in eye surgery. D) It can only be partly accomplished now. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) They think they should follow the current trend. B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient. C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible. D) They have jobs and other commitments. 30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings. B) They fear they will regret it afterwards. 5 C) They would like to spend more time with them. D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated. 31. A) Provide professional standard care. C) Be frank and seek help from others. B) Be affectionate and cooperative. D) Make full use of community facilities. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace. B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees. C) Common complaints made by office workers. D) Conflicts between labor and management. 33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment. B) Improve the welfare of affected workers. C) Follow government regulations strictly. D) Provide extra health compensation. 34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department. B)They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C)They sought help from union representatives. D)They wanted to work shorter hours. 35.A) To show how they love winter sports. B)To attract the attention from the media. C)To protest against the poor working conditions. D)To protect themselves against the cold weather. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) someday may (36) _____ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____. Although no form of matter yet (39) _____ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____ this in 1905, when he (43) _____ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) ____________________________________. An obsession (沉迷) with time – saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it – (45) ____________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) ____________________________________. Thus, 6 time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) alert I) formally B) associated J) function C) attracting K) mixed D) cling L) negative E) continuing M) sufficient F) definitely N) tend G) different O) younger 7 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict. Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships. An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure. In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove." Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out. An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester. Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said. At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing. "One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration." "I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations." The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What can we learn from some recent studies? A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good. D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes. 58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean? A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers. 8 B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically. C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year. D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed. 59. What does the Indiana University study show? A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out. B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. C) Roommates of different races just don't get along. D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy. 60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"? A) Students of different races are required to share a room. B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race. 61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging? A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study. B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses includingmalnutrition (营养不良)and heat-related health problems. But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)." However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to 9 focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report. 62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum? A)Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. B)Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming. C)Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. D)Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. 63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage? A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. C) It was warmly received by environmentalists. D) It caused a big stir in developing countries. 64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report? A) Its statistics look embarrassing. C) It deserves our closest attention. B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. 65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report? A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. C)It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. D)Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders. 66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 When it comes to eating smart for your heart, thinking about short-term fixes and simplify life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come. Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite ad you lift __67__ your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that __68__ amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the __69__ to good health," Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a __70__ understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to __71__ not only heart disease but disease __72__ general," she adds. Scientists now __73__ on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten __74__ several days or a week __75__ than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that __76__ at each meal. 10 Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds __77__ for good health. “The more we learn, the more __78__ we are by the wealth of essential substances they __79__," Van Horn continues, "and how they __80__ with each other to keep us healthy." You'll automatically be __81__ the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make __82__ three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. __83__ in the remaining one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs. The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to __84__ clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a __85__, each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big __86__ on your health in the years to come. 67. A) between B) through C) inside D)to 68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate 69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center 70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural 71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend 72. A) in B) upon C)for D)by 73. A) turn B)put C) focus D) carry 74. A) over B) along C) with D)beyond 75. A) other B) better C) rather D)sooner 76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted 77 A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical 78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused 79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain 80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest 81. A) at B)of C) on D) within 82. A) out B) into C) off D) up 83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack 84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil 85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt 86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitment Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _____________________ (也 没有解释为什么). 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _____________________ (能被分配做另一项工作). 89. John rescued the drowning child _____________________ (冒着自己生命危险). 90. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接电话的却是 他的助手). 91. Although he was interested in philosophy, _____________________ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law. 11 一 作文部分 Online Shopping Enormous strides of the Internet have paved the way for the mushrooming of online shopping, which is gaining growing popularity for the past year or two, a prevailing trend that we cannot afford to lose sight of. According to a recent survey conducted by Sina Weibo, an immensely popular microblogging service in the Middle Kingdom, approximately 90 percent of the respondents have once done web shopping。 It is beyond doubt that Internet shopping enjoys a host of virtues. To name only a few: the prices of the commodities and services you desire to purchase are typically lower in online shops than that in physical ones, and the sellers in some cases grant a bulk discount of some stuff possessing the same quality as offline items to consumers in an effort to boost sales volume; web-based shopping, to some extent, empowers customers to become increasingly adept at employing the Internet to determine how to spend their money offline。 Despite the various strengths of Internet-based shopping, the dark sides of it also exist, however. Take a concrete example. A tiny minority of merchants with evil motives use the false information to trick people into parting with credit cards and other personal details, which cost consumers dearly。 From my own perspective, the benefits of online shopping outweigh its disadvantages. Simply put, we are supposed to capitalize on its merits to serve our purposes and do all in our power to minimize its adverse impacts on us meanwhile. (由燕守伟老师提供) 二 快速阅读部分 1 B) Its bad taste 2 A) an inadequate supply of food 3 B) Its people cared more for quantity 4 C) all kinds of overseas visitors 5 C) New ideas and presentations 6 D) maintain British traditional tastes 7 B) They are produced on excellent organic farms8 local markets9 in a British way 10 share their meals 三 听力部分 11. A) He is careless about his appearance。 12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam。 13. A) Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship。 14. D) He has been having a hard time。 15. D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker。 16. C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service。 17. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week。 18. B) An imaginary situation。 19. D) A sport he participates in。 20. D) He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing。 21. A) New ideas come up as you write。 22. D) Hostess of the weekly “Business World”。 23. B) He and his wife did everything by themselves。 24. B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers。 25. B) The restaurant atmosphere。 12 26. A) There are many false notions about it。 27. C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children。 28. D) It can only be partly accomplished now。 29. D) They have jobs and other commitments。 30. A) They don’t want to use up all their life savings。 31. C) Be frank and seek help from others。 32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace。 33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment。 34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department。 35. C) To protest against the poor working conditions。 36. survive37. distant38. backward39. discovered40. scientific41. motion 42. predicted43. introduced 44. that move at the speed greater than light, and therefore might serve as a passport to the past 45. seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as humans have existed 46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, is that which is measured by a clock 四 15选10部分 47 N) tend48 L) negative49 H) efficiently50 B) associated51 A) alert 52 D) function53 F) definitely54 O) younger55 E) continuing56 G) different 五 仔细阅读部分 57 D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes 58 D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed 59 C) Roommates of different races just don’t get along 60 D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race 61 B) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study 62 B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming 63 A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts 64 B) It is invalid in terms of methodology 65 D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders 66 D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards 六 完形填空部分 67 D ) to68 C ) specific69 A ) key70 B ) different71 B ) prevent 72 A ) in73 C ) focus74 A ) over75 C ) rather76 B ) consumed 77 A ) vital78 C ) amazed79 B ) contain80 B ) interact 81 C ) on82 D ) up83 B ) fill84 C ) avoid85 D ) doubt86 C ) impact 六 翻译部分 87. nor did they make any explanation/ nor did they explain why 88. could be assigned to another task 89. at the risk of his own life/ risking his own life 90. it turned out that his assistant answered the phone/ it was his assistant who answered the call。 91. his father talked/ persuaded him into 13 2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案 Section A 11. M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that. W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean. Q: What do we learn about Shawn? 12. W: I wish Jane would call when sheknowshe'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her. M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here. Q: What does the man imply? 13. M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Middle Atlantic Championship. W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now! Q: What is the woman's team doing? 14. W: John's been looking after his mother in the hospital. She was injured in a car accident two weeks ago and still in critical condition. W:Oh, that's terrible. And you know his father passed away last year. Q: What do we learn about John? 15.M: What a boring speaker! I can hardly stay awake. W: Well, I don't know. In fact, I think it's been a long time since I've heard anyone is good. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 16. W: I'm having a lot of trouble with logic and it seems my professor can't explain it in a way that makes sense to me. M: You know, there is a tutoring service on campus. I was about to drop statistics before they helped me out. Q: What does the man mean? 17. M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, did't I ? W: Oh, that wasn't me. That was my sister Joe. She's in your class. Q: What does the woman mean? 18. M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do? W: Well, I guess I'd sell my watch or computer or do some odd jobs till I could afford a return plane ticket. Q: What are the speakers talking about? Conversation One M: Hello, Professor Johnson. W: Hello, Tony, so what shall we work on today? M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isn’t coming out right. What I thought I was writing on was to talk about what a particular sport means to me when I participate in. W: What sport did you choose? M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing. W: What are you going to say about skiing? M: That’s the problem. I thought I would write about how peaceful it is to be out in the country. 14 W: So why is that a problem? M: I’d like to start describing how quite it is to be . I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isn’t as simple as some people think. It takes a lot of energy, but that’s not heart of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I don’t know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. It all fits together. It’s not like just sitting down somewhere and watching the clouds roll by. That’s different. W: Then you have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out? Part of the point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. That’s common, right? M: Yeah, I guess so. Q19. What is the topic of the man’s writing assignment? Q20. What problem does the man have while working on his paper? Q21. What does the woman say is common in writing papers? Conversation Two W: Good evening and welcome to this week's Business World. It program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Angeleno who came to the US six years ago, and is now an established businessman with three restaurants in town.Tell us Mr. Angeleno, how did you get started? M: Well I started off with a small diner. I did all the cooking myself and my wife waited on tables. It was really too much work for two people. My cooking is great. And word got around town about the food. Within a year, I had to hire another cook and four waitresses. When thatrestaurant became very busy, I decided to expand my business. Now with three placesmy main concern is keeping the business successful and running smoothly. W: Do you advertise? M: Oh yes. I don't have any TV commercials, because they are too expensive. But I advertise a lot on radio and in local newspapers. My children used to distributeads. in nearby shopping centres, but we don't need to do that anymore. W: Why do you believe you've been so successful? M: Em, I always serve the freshest possible food and I make the atmosphere as comfortable and as pleasant as I can, so that my customers will want to come back. W: So you always aim to please the customers? M: Absolutely!Without them I would at all. W: Thank you Mr.Angeleno.I think your advice will be helpfull to those just staring out in business. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. What is the woman’s occupation 23. what do we learn about Mr.Angeleno’s business at its beginning 24. what does Mr.Angeleno say about advertising his businesse. 25. What does the man say contribute to his success? Section B Passage One There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing 15 the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes. We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight. Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, as of yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible. 26. What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight? 27. What do studies about wearing the wrong glasses show? 28. What do we learn about eye transplanting from the talk? Passage Two When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do 29. Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents? 30. Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes? 31. According to the passage, what must caregivers learn to do? Passage Three Since a union representative visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections. My coworkers have been worrying about health conditions and complaining about safety hazards in the workplace. Several of the employees in the computer department, for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about 7 hours a day. The supervisor of the laboratory is beginning to get headaches and dizzy spells because she says it’s dangerous to breathe some of the chemical smoke there. An X-rays technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to replace its out-dated equipment. She insists that it’s exposing workers to unnecessarily high doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and asked that government agency to inspect the department. I’ve heard that at a factory in the area two pregnant women who were working with 16 paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request. In another firm the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owners was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met an agree to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced right away. 32 What does the talk focus on? 33 What did the X-ray technician ask her company to do? 34 What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint? 35 Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work? Section C Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts some day may survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still, if you could move faster than light, your time would move backward. Although no form of matter yet discovered, moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific experiments has already confirmed that accelerated motion causes a traveler’s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter that move at a speed greater than light. And therefore, might serve as our passports to the past. An obsession with time--saving, gaming, wasting, losing and mastering it-- seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock. Thus time and time’s relativity are measurable by any hour glass, alarm clock, or atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. 17 四级原题 Part ? Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议 On Excessive Packaging Part ? Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Small Schools Rising This year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing. Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress. Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423-among the top 18 2% in the country-on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007. Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) "Hillsjail. " Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?" So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success."We're constantly talking about one another's advisers," says English teacher Chris Crockett. "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95."It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them."But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution. The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they'd like. Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教 育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation."It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation, "their letter read. in part. "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities." In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won't be necessary. 注意:此部分试题请在答卡1上作答. 1( Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________. 19 A) ensuring no child is left behind B) increasing economic efficiency C) improving students' performance on SAT D)providing good education for baby boomers 2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools? A)Teachers' workload increased. B)Students' performance declined. C)Administration became centralized. D)Students focused more on test scores. 3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation? A)They are usually magnet schools. B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods. C)They are popular with high-achieving students. D)They are mostly small in size. 4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education? A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones. B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas. C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds. D)Students have to meet higher academic standards. 5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to . A)their students' academic achievement B)the number of their students admitted to college C)the size and number of their graduating classes D)their college-level test participation 6.What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s? A)They were made to study hard like prisoners. B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames. C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline, D)Their school performance was getting worse. 7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could . A)tell their teachers what they did on weekends B)experience a great deal of pleasure in learning C)maintain closer relationships with their teachers D)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses 8.________is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives. 9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use________. 10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take________. Part ? Listening Comprehension (35minutes) Section A Directions: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be 20 asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。 11. A)Trying to sketch a map C)Discussing a house plan. B)Painting the dining room. D)Cleaning the kitchen. 12.A)She is tired of the food in the canteen. B)She often eats in a French restaurant. C) She usually takes a snack in the KFC. D)She in very fussy about what she eats. 13.A) Listening to some loud music C)Talking loudly on the telephone. B)Preparing for as oral examination. D)Practicing for a speech contest. 14.A)The man has left a good impression on her family. B)The man can dress casually for the occasion. C)The man should buy himself a new suit. D)The man's jeans and T-shirts are stylish. 15.A)Grey pants made from pure cotton. C)100% cotton pants in dark blue. B) Fashionable pants in bright colors. D)Something to match her brown pants. 16.A) Its price. C)Its comfort. B)Its location D)Its facilities. 17.A)Travel overseas. C)Take a photo. B)Look for a new job. D)Adopt a child. 18.A)It is a routine offer. C)It is quite healthy. B)It is new on the menu. D)It is a good bargain. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you . 19.A)Hosting an evening TV program. C)Lecturing on business management. B) Having her bicycle repaired. D)Conducting a market survey. 20.A) He repaired bicycles. C)He worked as a salesman. B)He served as a consultant. D)He coached in a racing club. 21.A) He wanted to be his own boss. B) He found it more profitable C)He didn't want to start from scratch. D)He didn't want to be in too much debt. 22.A)They work five days a week. C)They are paid by the hour. B)They are all the man's friends. D)They all enjoy gambling. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.A)It has gradually given way to service industry. B)It remains a major part of industrial activity. C)It has a history as long as paper processing. D)It accounts for 80 percent of the region's GDP. 24.A) Transport problems. C)Lack of resources. B)Shortage of funding. D)poor management. 25.A) Competition from rival companies. C)Possible locations for a new factory 21 B)Product promotion campaigns. D)Measures to create job opportunities. Section B Directions: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26.A)They shared mutual friends in school. B)They had known each other since childhood. C)They shared many extracurricular activities. D)They had many interests in common. 27.A)At a local club. B)At the sports center. B)At Joe's house. D)At the bearing school. 28.A)Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain B)One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect. C)It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends D)Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based as the passage you have just heart. 29.A)Near the entrance of a park. C)At a parking meter. B)In his building's parking lot D)At a street corner. 30.A)It had been taken by the police C)In had been stolen by someone. B)it had keen moved to the next block. D )it had been parked at a wrong place 31. A)At the Greenville center. C)In a neighboring town. B) At a public parking lot. D)In a the city garage. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32.A)Famous creative individuals. C)A major scientific discovery. B)The mysteriousness of creativity. D)Creativity as shown in arts. 33.A)It is something people all engage in. C) It starts soon after we are born. B) It helps people acquire knowledge. D) It is the source of all artistic work. 34.A) Creative imagination. C) Natural curiosity. B) Logical reasoning D) Critical thinking. 35.A)It is beyond ordinary people. C)It is part of everyday life. B)It is yet to be fully understood. D)It is a unique human trait. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can other use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your are words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should 22 check what you have written. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket(36) ,and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job? There are 20 officers in the Campus Security Division Their job is to(37) crime, accidents lost and found(38) ,and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets.(39) promptly to accidents and other(40) is important, but it is their smallest job. Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very(41) do any violent crimes actually(42) .In the last five years there have been no(43) .seven robberies and about 60 other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand,(44) ,which usually involves breaking windows or lights or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries(入室盗窃)that you see in movies.(45). Do we really need more police? Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.(46) . Part ? Reading Comprehension(Reading in depth)(25minntes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a ward bank Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each them on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage, One in six. Believe it or not, that's the number of Americans who struggle with hanger To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, It's asking 48 across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 49 . It's the kind of work that's done every day at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, People who 50 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren't looking for God-they're there for something to eat, St. Andrew's runs a food pantry(食品堂)that 51 the city and several of the 52 towns. Janet Drane is its manager. In the wake of the 53 .the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 54 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in 55 where at least one adult is working."It used to be that one job was all you needed." says St. Andrew's Drane."The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they're still right on the edge 56 ." 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A)survive I)formally B) surrounding J)financially C)serves K)domestic D)reviewed L)competition 23 E)reported M)communities F)recession N)circling G)households O)accumulate H)gather Section B Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheer 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won't necessarily represent. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same. We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone. Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes. After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job "with tireless search for work."He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do. The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold. Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment. Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57(In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________. A)tear many troubled families apart B)contribute to enduring family ties C)bring about a drop in the divorce rate D)cause a lot of conflicts in the family 58.In the Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together because A)starting a new family would be hard 24 B)they expected things would turn better C)they wanted to better protect their kids D)living separately would be too costly 59.In addition to job losses. What stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce? A)Mounting family debts B)A sense of insecurity C)Difficulty in getting a loan D)Falling housing prices 60.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples? A)It will force them to pull their efforts together B)It will undermine their mutual understanding C)It will help strengthen their emotional bonds D)It will irreparably damage their relationship 61.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate B)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships C)A stable family is the best protection against poverty. D)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage: People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Face book because people don't really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things you city. Your photo, your friends' names-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet. According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information They have a "less satisfying experience". Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they're online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites."I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits. I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. Which is why I'm considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, 25 but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't That's too high a price to pay. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 62.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph? A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users. B)It makes money by putting on advertisements. C)It profits by selling its users' personal data. D)It provides loads of information to its users. 63.What does the author say about most Facebook users? A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information. B)They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook. C)They don't identify themselves when using the website. D)They care very little about their personal information. 64.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage? A)To render better service to its users. B)To conform to the Federal guidelines. C)To improve its users' connectivity. D)To expand its scope of business. 65.Why does Senator Charles Schumer advocate? A)Setting guidelines for advertising on websites. B)Banning the sharing of users' personal information. C)Formulating regulations for social-networking sites. D)Removing ads from all social-networking sites. 66.Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account? A)He is dissatisfied with its current service. B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy. C)He doesn't want his personal data abused. D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just 67 and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. 68 ,denying the existence of conflict results in couples 69 to solve their problems at early 70 ,which can then lead to even greater problems later 71 .Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior 72 increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working 73 conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction. So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the 26 other person's point of view 74 put yourself in his of her place. People who are 75 to what their partner thinks and feels 76 greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships 77 marriages, those who can adopt their partner's perspective show more positive 78 .more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses 79 conflict. Second, because conflict and disagreements are an 80 part of close relationships. People need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and 81 forgiveness from their parents for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line 82 this view, spouses who are more forgiving show higher mental 83 over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have 84 health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful 85 and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including 86 heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving. 67.A)resolve B)regret C)abandon D)avoid 68. A)Besides B)Therefore C)Moreover D)However 69. A)trying B)declining C)failing D)striving 70. A)ages B)years C)stages D)intervals 71. A)on B)by C)off D)away 72. A)prescribes B)protests C)proves D)predicts 73. A)round B)amid C)among D)through 74. A)so B)while C)but D)and 75. A)sensitive B)superior C)exclusive D)efficient 76. A)expose B)experience C)explore D)exploit 77. A)as long as B)as far as C)as well as D)as soon as 78. A)minds B)emotions C)psychology D)affection 79. A)to B)against C)at D)toward 80. A)absolute B)inevitable C)essential D)obvious 81. A)require B)inquire C)receive D)achieve 82. A)over B)with C)up D)of 83. A)quality B)identity C)charity D)capability 84. A)creative B)positive C)objective D)competitive 85. A)prospects B)concepts C)memories D)outlooks 86. A)added B)toughened C)strengthened D)increased Part Vl Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87(Those flowers looked as if they_____________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88.Fred bought a car last week. It is______________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89.This TV program is quite boning We might______________(不妨听听音乐) 90(He left his office in a hurry, with______________________(灯亮着，门开着) 91(The famous novel is said to __________________________(已经被译成多种语言). 27 标准答案 On Excessive Packaging Nowadays the phenomena of excessive packaging of goods are prevailing in our society: clothes swathed in tissue paper, placed in cardboard box and finally wrapped in well-designed plastic bags, imported bottles of grape wine packed in wooden boxes, fruits put in hand-woven baskets, to name but a few. There are several causes of excessive packaging. The first reason is that a large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits. On the other hand, quite a number of consumers mistakenly hold that the more delicate the package is, the better the quality will be, thus encouraging excessive packaging. In my point of view, excessive packaging has disastrous consequences, including the loss of precious resources, excessive consumption of water and energy, and unnecessary extraction of scarce land for landfill. To solve the problem, it’s necessary to take the following measures. First, laws and regulations must be made to restrict excessive packaging of companies. In addition, we need to raise consumer’s awareness that excessive packaging doesn’t equal to high quality and advocate packaging recycling. 1. D) providing good education for baby boomers. 2. D) Students’ performance declined. 3. D) They are mostly small in size. 4. D) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones. 5. C) their college-level test participation. 6. B) Their school performance was getting worse. 7. A) maintain closer relationships with their teachers. 8. Simplicity9. different measures10. tough subjects11. A) Discussing a house plan. 12. A) She is tired of the food in the canteen. 13. A) Listening to some loud music. 14. B) The man can dress casually for the occasion. 15. A) Grey pants made from pure cotton. 16. B) Its location. 17. A) Travel overseas. 18. D) It is a good bargain. 19. A) Hosting an evening TV program. 20. C) He worked as a salesman. 21. A) He wanted to be his own boss. 22. B) They are all the man’s friends. 23. B) It remains a major part of industrial activity. 24. A) Transport problems. 25. C) Possible locations for a new factory. 26. B) They had known each other since childhood. 27. B) At Joe’s house. 28. D) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other. 29. B) In his building’s parking lot. 28 30. C) It had been stolen by someone. 31. D) In the city garage. 32. B) The mysteriousness of creativity. 33. D) It is the source of all artistic work. 34. A) Creative imagination. 35. C) It is part of everyday life. Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket (36)calculators, and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job? There are 20 officers in the campus security division. Their job is to (37)handle crime, accidents, lost and found (38)items, and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets. (39)Responding promptly to accidents and other (40)emergencies is important, but it is their smallest job. Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very (41)rarely did any violent crimes actually (42)occur.In the last five years there have been no (43)murders, seven robberies, and about sixty other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand, (44)there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property, which usually involves breaking windows or lights, or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries that you see in movies. (45)Things get stolen when it is just easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched. Do we really need more police?Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.(46) A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things. 47. E. domestic48. C. communities49. O. survive50. H. gather51. M. serves 52. N. surroundings53. J. recession54. K. reported55. I. households 56. F. financially67. C avoid68. B however69. D failing70. C stages71. A on72. A predicts 73. A through74. B and75. B sensitive76. D experience77. B as well as78. C emotions 79. D to80. A inevitable81. D receive82. A with83. D quality84. B positive 85. A memories86. B increased 87. Those flowers looked as if they hadn't been watered for a long time(好长时间没有浇水 了). 【点评】they即flowers做主语，用被动语态。一段时间应用完成时，looked过去式相 比，后面应该过去完成时。 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is ?1,000 cheaper than mine(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 【点评】简单的比较级，cheaper than。不需要重复car，直接用mine代替my car. 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might as well listen to the music (不妨听听音乐). 【点评】might as well“不妨”，原句中有might。listen to the music，听音乐。 90. He left his office in a hurry, with lights on and doors open(灯亮着，门开着). 【点评】with短语做伴随状语，逻辑主语和表语之间的系动词省略。 91.The famous novel is said to have been translated into multiple languages(已经被译成多 种语言). 【点评】be said to后面跟动词原型，“已经被译”，用完成时被动语态have been translated， 介词用into。 29 听力原文 短对话: 11: M: As you can see from the drawings, the kitchen has one door into the dining room, another into the family room and a third to the outside。 W: The door into the family room isn’t big enough. Could it be made wider? Q: What are the speakers doing? 12. M: I’m thinking about where to go for a bite tonight. Any suggestions, Barbara? W: Well, how about the French restaurant near the KFC? Frankly, I’ve had enough of our canteen food。 Q: What do we learn about the woman? 13. W: Hey, if you can’t enjoy the music at a sensible volume, why not use earphones? I’ m preparing for the speech contest。 M: Oh, sorry. I didn’t realize I’ve being bothering you all this time。 Q: What is the man probably doing? 14. M: Finally, I’ve got the chance to put on my new suit tonight. I hope to make a good impression on your family。 W: Come on! It’s only a family reunion. So jeans and T-shirts are just fine. Q: What does the woman mean? 15. M: Would you like to see those pants in brown and navy blue? These two colors are coming in this season。 W: Oh, actually grey is my favorite color, but I prefer something made from cotton, 100% cotton I mean。 Q: What is the woman looking for? 16. W: From here, the mountains look as if you could just reach out and touch them。 M: That’s why I chose this lodge. It has one of the best views in Switzerland。 Q: What is the man’s chief consideration in choosing the lodge? 17. M: What do I have to do to apply for a passport? W: You need proof of citizenship, either an old passport or a birth certificate and three photographs. Then you must complete this form and pay a fee。 Q: What is the man most probably going to do? 18. M: Miss, can I interest you in a pork special with serving tonight? It’s only 799, half the usual price and it’s very tasty。 W: Oh really? I will try it。 Q: What does the man say about the dish? 长对话: Conversation 1 30 W:Good evening, and welcome to this week’s Business World, the program for and about business people. Tonight, we have Mr. Steven Kayne, who has just taken over and established bicycle shop. Tell us, Mr. Kayne, what made you want to run your own store? M: Well, I always loved racing bikes and fixing them. When I was working full-time as a salesman for a big company, I seldom had time to enjoy my hobby. I knew then that as soon as I had enough money to get my own business going, I’ll do it. I had my heart set on it and I didn’t let anything stand in my way. When I went down to the bank and got a business loan, I knew I’d love being my own boss. Now my time is my own. I open the store when I want and leave when I want。 W: You mean you don’t keep regular hours? M: Well, the sign on my store says the hours are ten to six, but if business is slower than usual, I can just lock up and take off early。 W: Have you hired any employees to work with you yet? M: Yeah, a couple of friends of mine who love biking as much as I do. They help me out a few days a week. It’s great because we play cards or just sit around and talk when there are no customers。 W: Thank you, Mr. Kayne. We wish you success in your new business。 Question 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard。 19.What is the woman doing? 20.What did Mr. Kayne do before he took over the bicycle shop? 21.Why did the man take over a bicycle shop? 22.What do we learn about the people working in the shop? Conversation 2 W: Well, the main activities in the region were historically steel and paper processing, I think。 M: Yes, but I’m not quite sure about the status of those industries now. Could you tell us something about that? W: Yes, of course. In fact, they are less significant, but steel-related manufacturing still accounts for 44% of industrial activity. So it’s still very important. In fact, 80% of Spain’s machine tools are from the Basque Country. As for paper processing, there’s still a little. But it’s no longer what it once was in the region. So, is that clear? M: Yes, thanks。 W: Now, to get back to what I was saying, there’s a lot of unemployment as well as geographical problems in the region。 M: Sorry, Victoria. What do you mean by geographical problems? W: Well, what I mean is the area is very hilly, mountainous in parts. So there used to be transport problems, now though there are new train links and better roads, but it may be that some smaller towns inland remain not very well connected, is that OK? Does that make sense? When we talk about specific location suggestions for the factory, we’ll see this in more detail, so we’ll come back to this question, OK? M: OK, right。 W: So I was about to say something about the work force in the region and the level of training and education. In general, it’s very good and improving。 Question 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard。 31 23. What does the woman say about the steel-related manufacturing in the region? 24. What problem hinders the region’s development? 25. What will the speakers discuss later? 短文: Passage 1 I first met Joe Ganz when we were both nine years old, which is probably the only reason he’s one of my best friends. If I had first met Joe as a freshman in high school we wouldn’ t even have had the chance to get to know each other. Joe is a day student, but I am a boarding student. We haven’t been in same classes, sports or extra-curricular activities. Nonetheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house and we talk on the phone every night. This is not to say that we would not have been compatible if we had first met in our freshman year. Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know each other due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests. In fact, to be honest, I struggle even now to think of things we have in common. But maybe that’s what makes us enjoy each other’s company so much. When I look at my friendship with Joe, I wonder how many people I’ve known whom I never disliked, but simply didn’t take the time to get to know. Thanks to Joe, I have realized how little basis there is for the social divisions that exist in every community. Since this realization, I have begun to make an even more determined effort to find friends in unexpected people and places。 Q: 26: Why does the speaker say Joe Ganz became one of his best friends? 27: Where does the speaker spend most of his weekends? 28: What has the speaker learned from his friendship with Joe? Passage 2 It was a bad night for Lewis. His research in the neighboring town has taken longer than he expected. It was late and he was very tired when he drove home. He turned into his building’s parking lot, but all the spaces were full. He drove back out onto the street, looking for a parking space. The first block was full. The next block was almost empty. Lewis didn’t see a “no parking” sign, but he has expected that his parking were allowed there. Most the spaces would be filled. Then he saw a small parking lot with two free spaces. He was so glad to see them that he didn’t even think to read the sign by the entrance. He drove in, parked and hurried home to go to bed. The next morning he went back to the lot to get his car. It was gone. He ran home and telephoned the city police to say that his car had been stolen. It took the police only a minute to tell him what had happened: his car had been on a private lot. It had been taken away by the police. Lewis had to take a taxi to visit the city garage far from the city center. He had to pay a fee of 40 dollars to get his car back. In addition, he got a parking ticket, his first one ever in Greenville。 Q: 29: Where did Lewis intend to park his car when he came back from work one night? 30: What did Lewis think had happened to his car the next morning? 31: Where did Lewis finally get his car back? Passage 3 Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe we agreed that creativity is a mysterious idea. It was those things we all recognize when we see it, but we don’t really understand what it is. We seem to feel that some people are naturally creative, but we don’t know 32 how they got that way. Is creativity a natural gift like good looks, or is it something that can be acquired like knowledge? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process carefully, we might get some insight into what it is and how it might work in our lives. The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts, but we should not think the creativity plays a role only in the arts. Every major scientific discovery began with someone imagining the world to look differently from the way others saw it. And this is what creativity is all about -- imagining the world in a new way. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imaginations, we all have the potential to imagine the world in an absolutely new way. In fact, you are born with it. It is your birth right as a human being. And what’s more, you use it every day, almost every moment of your life. Your creative imagination is what you use to make sense of your experiences. It’s your creative mind that gets meaning from chaos of experiences and brings order to your world。 32. What did the speaker most probably discuss last time? 33. What is the widely accepted idea about the creative process? 34. What leads to major scientific discoveries according to the speaker? 35. What does the speaker imply about the creative process? 复合式听写: Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket calculators and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job? There are twenty officers in the campus security division. Their job is to handle crime, accidents, lost-and-found items and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets. Responding promptly to accidents and other emergencies is important, but it is their smallest job. Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very rarely do any violent crimes actually occur. In the last five years. There have been no murders, seven robberies and about 60 other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand, there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property, which usually involves breaking windows or lights or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries that you see in movies. Things get stolen when it’s easy to steal them, because they are left lying around unwatched. Do we really need more police? Hiring more campus police will cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again. A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things。 33 2011年12月英语四级真题及答案 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) 注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上( For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks 34 To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ?.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ?.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ?.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our 35 actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。 A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect 3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take? A. To ensure we make responsible choices B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress C. so that we don’t break any rules D. so that we don’t run into trouble 4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______ A. it has caused no harm B. it is claimed to be unintentional C. it has gone unnoticed D. it is committed with good intentions 5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses B. Listen to other people’s advice C. Make his intensions public D. Have others watch over his shoulder 6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______。 A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive C. value immediate benefits most D. may lose everything in the end 7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______ A. pay more dearly B. become more confident C. be widely admired D. feel somewhat lucky 8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______ 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _________________________ 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______ Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11. A. Read the notice on the window B. Get a new bus schedule C. Go and ask the staff D. Board the bus to Cleveland 12. A. He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes. B. He enjoyed watching the animal performance. C. He got home too late to see the TV special D. He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program. 13. A. She wants to take the most direct way. B. She may be late for the football game. C. She is worried about missing her flight. D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. 14. A. At a restaurant B. In a fish shop C. At a clinic D. On a fishing boat 15. A. He is an experienced sales manager. B. He is being interviewed for a job. C. He is a close friend of the woman. 36 D. He is good at answering tricky questions. 16. A. The man should consider his privacy first. B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment. C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 17. A. The woman is going to make her topic more focused. B. The man and woman are working on a joint project. C. One should choose a broad topic for a research paper. D. It tool a lot of time to get the man on the right track. 18. A. They went camping this time last year. B. They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic. C. They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions. D. They weren’t experienced in organizing picnics. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A. H e likes Sweden better than England. B. He prefers hot weather to cold weather. C. He is an Englishman living in Sweden. D. He visits London nearly every winter. 20. A. The bad weather B. The gloomy winter C. The cold houses D. The long night 21. A. Delightful B. Painful C. Depressing D. Refreshing 22. A. They often stay up late reading B. They work hard and play hard C. They like to go camping in summer D. They try to earn more and spend more Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A. English Literature B. Management C. French D. Public Administration 24. A. English teaching B. Staff training C. Careers guidance D. Psychological counseling 25. A. Its generous scholarships B. Its worldwide fame C. Its well-designed courses D. Its pleasant environment Section B Passage One 26. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists B. Some features of Japanese culture C. The art of Japanese brush painting D. The uniqueness of Japanese art 27. A. To calm themselves down B. To enhance concentration C. To show their impatience D. To signal lack of interest 28. A. How listeners in different cultures show respect B. How speakers can win approval from the audience C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are Passage Two 29. A. Directing personnel evaluation B. Buying and maintaining equipment C. Drawing up plans for in-service training D. Interviewing and recruiting employees 30. A. Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire B. The training program he ran was a failure 37 C. Two of his workers were injured at work D. Two of his employees committed theft 31. A. A better relationship with his boss B. Advancement to a higher position C. A better-paying job in another company D. Improvement in the company’s management 32. A. She has more self-confidence than Chris B. She works with Chris in the same division C. She has more management experience than Chris D. She is competing with Chris for the new job Passage Three 33. A. They help us see the important values of a culture B. They guide us in handling human relationships C. They help us express ourselves more effectively D. They are an infinite source of human knowledge 34. A. Their wording may become different B. The values they reflect may change C. Their origins can no longer be traced D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally 35. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures B. Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance C. Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones D. Certain values have always been central to a culture Section C Dictation Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 36________. I no longer imagine I can get through a 37________ day, much less all my life, 38________ on my own. Even if I am on 39________ in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house some else has built, wearing clothes someone else has 40________ from cloth woven by others, using 41________ someone else is distributing to my house. 42________ of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this 43________ together. As I was growing up, 44______________________________________________________. “Make your own way”, “stand on your own two feet”, or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: “Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it!” Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture, I imagine that 45________________________ ________________________________. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally “independent” and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. 46________________________________________________________________________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48________, sustainable way is the stcornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 49________ of the 21 38 century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51________ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050. For example, even with 53________ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative. A stable B solutions C significant D role E progress F marvelous G included H growth I exactly J consist K comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly Passage One Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says. Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what 39 that means," the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____________________. A force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man” B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys ____________________. A perform relatively better B grow up more healthily C behave more responsibly D receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system? A It fails more boys than girls academically B It focuses more on mixed school education C It fails to give boys the attention they need D It places more pressure on boys than on girls 60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______________. A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys B boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in D teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit 61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report? A They enjoy being in charge B They conform to stereotypes C They have sharper vision D They are violent and sexist Passage Two It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking 40 about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." 62. What does the author say about vacationing? A People enjoy it all the more during a recession B Few people can afford it without working hard C It makes all the hard work worthwhile D It is the chief cause of family disputes 63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees” (Line1 Para. 2), A Money is considered to be the root of all evils B Some people sacrifice their dignity for money C Few people can resist the temptation of money D Disputes over money may ruin a relationship 64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _________________. A conflicts between couples tend to rise B it is more expensive for couples to split up C couples show more concern for each other D divorce and separation rates increase 65. What does Kim Stephenson believe? A Money is often a symbol of a person’s status B Money means a great deal to both men and women C Men and women spend money on different things D Men and women view money in different ways 66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________________ A put their money together instead of keeping it separately B make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship D avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic Part V Cloze Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67_______. Nearly half of organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68_______ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69_______ even more companies expect to experience 70_______ of employees with STEM skills in the next three years. The Confederation of British Industry 71_______ 694 businesses and organizations across the public and 72_______ sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people. Half are 73_______ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74_______ enough employees with the right A-level skills. "75_______ we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76_______ growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77_______," said Richard 41 Lambert, director general, CBI. “Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78_______ or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79_______ to encourage more young people to study science-related 80_______." The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81_______ they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82_______ least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83_______ degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject. The research 84_______ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85_______. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy(计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86_______ two-thirds reported concerns. 67. A submits B reveals C launches D generates 68. A audience B officials C partners D staff 69. A while B because C for D although 70. A exits B shortages C absences D departures 71. A surveyed B searched C exposed D exploited 72. A collective B private C personal D civil 73. A confronted B conformed C concerned D confused 74. A bind B attain C transfer D recruit 75. A Lest B Unless C Before D As 76. A with B for C on D by 77. A dominate B stretch C enforce D intensify 78. A creative B technical C narrative D physical 79. A priority B option C challenge D judgment 80. A procedures B academies C thoughts D subjects 81. A until B since C whereas D if 82. A rate B discuss C order D observe 83. A typical B positive C particular D general 84. A highlighted B prescribed C focused D touched 85. A masses B workforce C faculty D communities 86. A what B whom C where D why Part VI Translation 87. Charity groups organized various activities to _________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda _____________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother ______________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies. 90. The publishing house has to _______________________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度). 91. It is absolutely wrong to ____________________________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福). 42 2011年12月四级真题参考答案完整版 快速阅读: 1. A) sticks to them in their daily life 2. C) It is the basis of mutual trust。 3. A) To ensure we make responsible choices。 4. B) it is claimed to be unintentional 5. A) Avoid making excuses。 6. C) value immediate benefits most 7. A) pay more dearly 8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education; all they care about is how to steal a grade。 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith。 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal。 听力Section A:11. B) Go and ask the staff。 12. A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program。 13. B) She is worried about missing her flight。 14. A) At a restaurant。 15. A) He is being interviewed for a job。 16. B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory。 17. D) The woman is going to make。 18. B) They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic。 听力Section B: 19. C) He is an Englishman living in Sweden。20. C) The cold houses。 21. C) Depressing。22. B) They work hard and play hard。23. C) French。 24. C) Careers guidance。25. D) Its pleasant environment。 26. C) The art of Japanese brush painting。27. B) To enhance concentration。 28. A) How listeners in different cultures show respect。 29. B) Buying and maintaining equipment。 30. D) Two of his employees committed theft。 31. B) Advancement to a higher position。 32. D) She is competing with Chris for the new job。 33. A) They help us see the important values of a culture。 34. B) The values they reflect may change。 35. A)They help us see the important values of a culture 听力Section C: 复合式听写原文: 深入阅读:Section A 47. N) challenges48. A) stable49. E) progress50. O) certainly51. D) role 52. M) combined53. C) significant54. G) included55. K) comprise56. B) solutions 深入阅读:Section B57. C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely 58. A) perform relatively better 59. C) It fails to give boys the attention they need。 60. A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys 61. C) They have sharper vision。 43 62. C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile。 63. D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship。 64. A) conflicts between couples tend to rise 65. D) Men and women view money in different ways。 66. C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship 完型填空:67. B) reveals68. D) staff69. A) while 70. B) shortages71. A) surveyed 72. B) private73. C) concerned74. D) recruit75. D) As76. B) for77. D) intensify 78. B) technical79. A) priority80. D) subjects81. D) if82. A) rate83. B) particular 84. A) highlighted 85. B) workforce86. C) where 翻译:87. raise money for the survivors in the earthquake 88. couldn’t have received my e-mail 89. who keeps on encouraging me to keep my chin up who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart who keeps on cheering me up 90. take the popularity of the novel into consideration/account 91. define happiness solely by money 作文 范文 销售月计划范文二年级看图写话和范文歌颂党的朗诵稿语文万能作文党代会闭幕式讲话 : Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will Sometimes, in our daily life, the easiest thing might be the most difficult thing, as in the case of some people trying to quit smoking for hundreds of times and still making endless efforts without any hope of success. The reason for their failure is their lack of a strong will。 In our modern world, nothing is simple and straightforward. Something might appear deceptively easy at first, but as we proceed on, we will find that it is actually extremely difficult. Therefore, we must take whatever we do seriously and be mentally prepared to make our utmost exertions. When we encounter obstacles and setbacks, we must apply our strong willpower and persevere until we finally succeed。 For us university students, in our academic studies or in our daily life on campus, we might not be faced with insurmountable challenges. But we need to get prepared, right now, to take things seriously, try to cultivate our strong will, and be ready to pursue our goals through persistence and indefatigable will. I believe it’s the only way we can achieve our success。 Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will Success depends on many factors, both physical and spiritual. In my opinion, mental factors like a strong will are far more decisive in enabling us to achieve success. For example, despite our repeated efforts to quit smoking, our lack of a strong will would still cause us to end up in failure。 In any of our undertakings, we should first set a goal. Some goals are highly challenging. Without a strong will, people would give up in the middle and they fail to achieve their goals. For those people who do succeed, they succeed simply because they have that mental stamina which enables them to challenge even the most insurmountable difficulties。 We often say that ‘Impossible is Nothing’. To make the impossible possible, we must exercise our perseverance and strong willpower. Or, as an English proverb goes, ‘If there is a will, there is a way.’ Our world is becoming increasingly competitive and only by making strong-willed efforts can we maximize our full potential and gain competitive edges, and prevail over all obstacles that lie in our way to success。 44 2011年12月四级听力原文 Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves? M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask? Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 12. W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it? W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. Q: What does the man mean? 13. W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct. M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game. Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? 14. W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good. M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish. I’m allergic to it. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 15. W: Now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most? M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant. Q: What do we learn about the man? 16. M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy. W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change your mind. Q: What does the woman imply? 17. M: You’re on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down. W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 18. W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it? M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time. What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? Long Conversation 45 Conversation One M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons. W: The seasons? M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short? W: So what is it like? M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter. Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warm. But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home. Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter. W: And what about the darkness? M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring. It is sometimes a bit depressing. But you see the summers are amazing, from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets. It’s still light in the midnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper. W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun. M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful. You won’t stay up all night. And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings. They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too. I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a good thing. Q19: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? Q20: What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter? Q21: How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden? Q21: What does the man say about the Swedish people? Conversation Two W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job? M: That’s a very good question. I don’t think there is any, specifically. W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background? M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham. After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people. Here is in the university. Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side. Then progressed on to universities. So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training. There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now. W: But in the first place, you did a French degree. M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration. I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things. W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now. M: Quite. W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University? M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list. And I like the look of it. The campus is just beautiful. W: Yes, indeed. Let’s see. Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire? M: Yes, from the Woolen District. 46 Q23. What was the man’s major at university? Q24: What was the man’s job in secondary schools? Q25: What attracted the man to Nottingham University Section B Passage One While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed. Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult. Questions: 26, What did Obcamp’s speech focus on? 27, Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech? 28, What does the speaker try to explain? Passage Two Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company. He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting. Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year. First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments. He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them. Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves. The training saved time for the employees and money for the company. Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year. Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job. Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company. She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company? 30. What problem did Chris encounter in his Division? 31. What does Chris hope for in the near future? 32. What do we learn about Kim from the passage? 47 Passage Three Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life. Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. Understanding your own culture values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier. Many proverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today. Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before. A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures. In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently. Questions 33- 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. Why are proverbs so important? 34. According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time? 35 What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world? Section C Compound Dictation Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own. Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house. Evidence of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this journey together. As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything. “Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it. Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody. 48