广东自考英语语言学真题

广东自考英语语言学真题 2011年1月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学 问卷课程代码06422) I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word ,whose initial letter has been given. 1. The 3 branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics ,auditory phonetics ,and a__________ phonetics. 2. When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings ,they are said to be in a m_________ pair . 3. R__________ motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes . 4. Later Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_____ Grammar. 5. In "NP ? (Deg )A(pp)……", the dots in the rule indicate that other c________ options are available . 6. The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p______ cavity，the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity. 7. L________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community . 8. H________ refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word . 9. The description of a language at a given point in time is a s______ study. 10. The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_________. 11. The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s______ structure. 12. The term d________, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism . 13. Learners' independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i______. p,in pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a________. 14. The sound , 15. C_______ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginning to end. 16. S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form . 17. Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P___________. 18. S_______ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures. 19. P________ is concerned with the progress of language comprehension and production. 20. Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g____. II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items. 21. __refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed . A.Syntax B. Etymology C. Lexicology D. Morphology 22. ___ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication . A. Phonetics B. Phonemics C. Phonology D. Phonotactics 23. Language ___ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. A. aptitude B. competence C. performance D. attitude 24. ___ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations . A. Idiolect B. Pidgin C. Sociolect D. Creole 25. A(n) ___ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog . A. back -formation B. blend C. abbreviation D. clipping 26. The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through ____ studies . A. experimental B. surgical C. autopsy D. observational 27.___ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both . A. Polysemy B. Synonym C. Homophone D. Homonymy 28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule "S?NP VP " is read as ___. A. is equal to B. generates C. has D. consists of 29.___ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress . A. Assimilation B. Formalization C. Derivation D. Patterning 30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture is called ____ motivation . A. instrumental B. resultative C. integrative D. intrinsic 31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __. A.derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be ___ B. prescriptive C. synchronic D. diachronic A. descriptive 33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by __ in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M.A.K Halliday 34. Of the following sound combination ,only ___ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English . A. mible B. bmil C. imlb D. ilbm 35 Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ? A. smog B.UNESCO C. baby-sit D. disco 36 Of the following words ,____ belongs to the open class word . A. emai B. but C. the D. they 37 The sense relation for the pair of words "doctor and patient "is __ A. synonymy B. hyponymy C. antonymy D. homonymy 38 In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of ___. A. pronunciation B. vocabulary C. syntax D. all of the above 39 According to F .de Saussure,____ refers to the system of language . A. langue B. parole C. competence D. performance 40.The utterance "We 're already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week " obviously violates the maxim of ___ A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner III. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one . 41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia . 42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's supercanonization properties . 43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequence of the utterance . 44.The LAD was described as an imaginary "black box "which is said to contain rules that are specific only to human languages . 45.Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning . 46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction . 47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words . 48. Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different social conditions. 49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to little children ,they use a special speech called motherese. 50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speech organs IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%) 51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription 52.selection restriction 53.speech act theory 54.Critical Period Hypothesis 55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of "A man will find the dog" V. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%) 56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ? 部分参考 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 : 1. acoustic 2. minimal 3. Resultative 4. Universal 5. complement 6. pharyngeal 7. Langue 8. Hyponymy 9.synchronic 10. pragmatics 11.surface 12. diaglossia 13. Interlanguage 14. aspirated 15. Cohort 16. Sense 17. Preposition 18. Siciolinguistics 19. Psycholinguistics 20. general 21. D 22.C 23.A 24.A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28.D 29. A 30.C 31. C 32.A 33.C 34. A 35.D 36. A 37. C 38.D 39.A 40.A 41.F 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F 2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学 问卷(课程代码06422) I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given. 1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______. 2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute 3. and detailed descriptions of speech sounds. 4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_______. 5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______. 6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations. 7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication. 8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________. 9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community. 10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ?s knowledge of the rules of his language . 11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language. 13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia. 14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. 15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access. 16. A theory which explicitly employs the notion “concept ”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning. 17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution. 18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms. 19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. 20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty. II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items. 21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered. A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterance 22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features : A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced , bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______. A. universal linguistics B. common linguistics C. prescriptive linguistics D. general linguistics 24.In the phrase structure rule “S?NP VP”， the arrow can be read as _______. A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates 25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. representatives B. commissives C. expressives D declarations 26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M.A.F. Halliday 27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture. A. Instrumental B. Functional C. Integrative D. Social 28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________. A. polysemic words B. homographs C. homonyms D. synonyms 29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative 30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50?s of the 20th century. A. M.A.F. Halliday B. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin 31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______. A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. synchronic D. diachronic 32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____. A. aspirated B. voiced C. unaspirated D. unprounceable 33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and “-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______. A. phonemes B. phones C. allophones D. morphemes 34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which „girl ? and „lass ? belong is called ___ synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational 35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.. A.socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically III. True of false judgement (20%) The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the 36. human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops . 37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language . 38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction . 39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words . 40. Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology . 41. Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds. 42. Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance . 43. Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary. 44. Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity. 45. Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native . IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%) 46. derivational morpheme 47. IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet) 48. cultural transmission 49. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure 50. The naming theory V. Essay question (20%) 51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example. 参考答案 1.repertoire 2.Intrinsic 3.narrow 4.back-formation 5.features6.transmission 7.Phonology 8.voiceless 9.speech 10.competence11.Parole 12.context 13. fluent 14.contextualis t 15.dicision 16.triangle 17.complementary 18.gradable 19.Sense 20.timed-reading 21. C 22. B 23.D 24. B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28. A 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42. F 43. T 44.T 45. F 46. Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which they attach. 47. It is a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription. 48. While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the head's subcategorization properties ,is called deep stmcture. second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate trThe ansformations, is called surface structure 50. One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. 51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It? s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Namely .,the act of saying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.(言内行为指的是 用句子来叙述，报告，描写。言内行为指话语过程本身，诸如:句法，词汇与发言 ) illocutionary act -----the act of expressing the speaker?等。 s intention; it is the act performed in saying something ;its force is identical with the speaker? s intention. The making of a statement, offer promise, etc, in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conventional force associated with it. the act of using a sentence to perform a function such as command, request, etc(言外行为是指说话过程中通过话语的一些约定俗成的关联力量进行陈述，承诺等。说话 ) 带有目的性。 perlocutionary act --- the act performed by or resulting from saying something, it? s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act perfomed by saying something, the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances. the results or effects that are produced by means of saying sth(言后 ) 行为是指行为本身就是讲话的结果。即讲话所产生的情感，思想，行动等的某种反应。 Illocutionary force: the intention or purpose underlying the act of saying sth. (speaker? s meaning) e.g. You have left the door wide open The locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words “you” “have” “d oor” “open” etc. and expressed what the words literally mean. locutionary: utterance of all the word The illocutionary act performed by the speaker is that by making such an utterance, he has expre ssed his intention of speaking ,i.e. asking sb. to close the door. “or making a complaint The prelocutionary act refers to the effect of the utterance. If the hearer gets the speaker? s message and sees the speaker means to ask someone to close the door, the speaker has successfully brought about the change in the real world he has intended to; then the prelocutionary act is successfully performed. perlocutionary : the hearer close the door or his refusal to comply with the request 2012年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学 问卷(课程代码06422) I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given. 1. Three branches of phonetics are articulatory phonetics, a_______phonetics, and acoustic phonetics. 2. The word around which a phrase is formed is termed head , and the words on the right side of the heads are c____________. 3. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both. 4. S__________ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. 5. There are two types of a__________ dyslexia: phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia. 6. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around , they think and speak differently , this is known as linguistic r_______. 7. The most basic and the smallest meaningful element of meaning is traditionally called m___________. 8. The i__________ view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which he develops. 9. C___________ determines the speaker?s use of language and also the hearer?s interpretation of what is said to him 10. If the linguistic study aims lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be p___________. 11. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v___________”. 12. R__________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world. 13. A__________ refers to a number of acquired language disorder due to the cerebral lesions caused by vascular problems, a tumor, an accident and so on. 14. Minor Lexical Categories refer to D_________, Degree word, Qualifier , Auxiliary and Conjunction. 15. Linguistics is a scientific study because it is based on the s_____________ investigation of linguistic data. 16. Grammatical of functional words are referred to as being c_____ class words . 17. A p___________ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 18. A________ are words derived from the initials of several words, such as WTO. 19. I________ motivation refers to the drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture. 20.Chomsky uses the term p________ to refer to the actual realization of the knowledge in linguistic communication. II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items. 21. Different from contrastive analysis, _______ gave less consideration to learners? native language. A . negative transfer B. mistake analysis C. positive analysis D. error analysis 22. The social group that is singled out for any special study is called the __________. A. public society B. common group C. speech community D. speech group 23. English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _____ of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation. A. force B. position C. manner D. pattern 24. ___________ analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. A. Componential B. Contrastive C. Comparative D. Inflection 25. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. morphemes B. elements C. segments D. constituents 26. ____________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language. A. Positive B. Integrative C. Instrumental D. Intrinsic 27. The words on the left side of the heads are said to function as _______. A. modifiers B. qualifiers C.specifiers D. determiners 28.The following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT____. A.[t] B.[s] C.[p] D.[k] 29. The sentence that has a NP and a PP can be shown in a ______ formula “S?NP PP”. A. hierarchical B. tree diagram C. vertical D. linear 30. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be______. A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. synchronic D. diachronic 31.The relationship between “ flower “ and “ rose” is _______. A.homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy and “ west “ is ________. 32.The pair of words “ east ” A. gradable antonyms B.co-hyponyms C.complementary opposite D. relational opposites 33.Which of the following hypothesis is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? B. Input Hypothesis A. Critical Period Hypothesis C. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis D. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis 34. X: John has taken part in the London Olympic Games. Y: John is a sportsman. The sense relation between the above sentences is _____. A. X entails Y B. X is inconsistent with Y C. X presupposes Y D. X is synonymous with Y 35.The word “unreasonably” consists of ____ morphemes. A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D.2 36.____ occurs when the Cooperative Principle is violated. A. Locutionary act B. Illocutionary act C. Conversational implicature D. Intralingual error 37. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, the two sound combinations are said to form a __________. A. adjacency pairs B. minimal pairs C. complementary pairs D. similar pairs 38.”Brunch” is a word formed by _____. A. clipping B. back-formation C. coinage D. blending 39.Which of the underlined morphemes below is a derivational morpheme? A. started B. jumping C. physician D. suffixes 40.____ is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production. A. Pragmatics B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Psycholinguistics III.True of false judgement (20%) 41. The brain, weighing about 1,400grams, consists of about ten billion nerve cells called neurons. 42. What is measured in the ing experiment is the extent to which the prime influences the subject?s psychological decision performance on the target stimulus. 43. According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. 44. Diacritics are added to the letter-symbols to bring out finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do. 45.Mode of discourse refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question. 46.”Language is arbitrary” means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds since different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages. 47.Derivational morphemes are the group of morphemes such as –en,-ate, and –ic etc. Because when they are conjoined to other morphemes (or words), a new word is derived of formed. 48. Locutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. 49.The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into two parts: the left and right cerebral hemispheres. 50. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by N. Chomsky in 1967. IV.Explain the following notions briefly (25%) haviourist 51.be 52.sense and reference 53.Wh-Movement 54.LAD 55.Draw a tree diagram for “The girl bought the book.” V. Essay question (15%) Write a passage of 120-150words on the following topic . 56. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?Illustrate your answer with concrete examples. 部分参考答案 1.auditory 2. complements 3. Homonymy 4 Sociolect 5. acquired 6. relativity 7. morpheme 8. interractionist 9. Context 10. Prescriptive 11. voicing 12. Reference 13. Aphasia 14 . Determiner 15. systematic 16. closed 17. pidgin 18. Acronyms 19. Integrative 20. performance 21. D 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A 26.B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30.B 31.B 32.D 33. A 34.C 35.A 36. C 37.B 38. D 39. C 40.D 41.T 42. F 43.T 44. T 45. F 46. T 47.T 48.F 49.T 50.F