高考小说阅读训练教案

高考小说阅读训练 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 第一课时 教学内容:小说阅读概述 教学目标:1(明确文学类文本阅读的要求(考试说明)。 2(掌握小说阅读的一般方法。 教学重点:1(了解江苏高考的命题特点。 2(掌握小说阅读的一般步骤和方法。 3(掌握小说阅读的策略。 教学难点:掌握小说阅读的答题方法。 教学过程: 一、新课导入 下面简要介绍一下小说的基本知识。 二、介绍小说的基本知识 (1)小说定义:小说是以塑造人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写反映社会生活。 (2)小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、环境(自然环境和社会环境)。 小说“三要素”是命题的重心，下面介绍有关知识点。 (一)关于“人物”要素。 1(人物描写的方法: (1)从描写的内容分: ?外貌描写(肖像描写):对容貌、姿态、服饰的描写称之为外貌描写或肖像描写。 ?行动描写(动作描写):是通过对人物个性化的行动、动作的描写，来揭示人物性格的一种描写方法。 ?语言描写:是通过个性化的人物语言来刻画人物性格的一种描写方法。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service ?心理描写:是通过剖析人物的心理活动(如内心感受、意向、愿望、思索、思想斗争等)，挖掘人物的思想感情，以刻画人物形象内在性格特征的一种描写方法。 ?神态描写:是与外貌描写有区别的，神态描写是对人的面部 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 情进行刻画，可以突出人物的性格特征。 ?细节描写:是对人物的语言、动作、服饰及心理活动等细小环节或细微事件的描写。 (2)从描写的角度分: ?正面描写(也就是直接描写) ?侧面描写(也就是间接描写) 2(鉴赏人物形象的几个切入点 ?从人物描写切入。人物的性格特点往往从肖像、神态，典型的动作、行为，个性化的语言，细致入微的心理活动中折射出来，因此，通过 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 作者对人物的各种描写，能够发掘人物的性格特征，进而发掘各色人物善恶美丑的精神世界。 ?从分析故事情节切入。情节是人物性格形成的历史。要学会在故事情节和矛盾冲突中把握住人物在诸多矛盾冲突中的动作、内心动机，从而更好地理解人物性格。 ?从分析环境角度切入。小说的环境描写，分自然环境与社会环境两个方面。自然环境对人物的命运有时也有影响，但真正决定人物命运的往往主要是社会环境。环境是小说存在的背景，为小说提供空间和时间范围，也是小说中人物活描写动的场所。分析环境时，必须注意社会环境中的复合的因素，应透过当事人的言行深入挖掘社会历史内涵。注意人物与环境的辩证关系，善于从人物在社会环境中的走向，解读人物的思想性格。 (二)关于小说“情节”要素。 1(小说的情节一般分为:开端、发展、高潮、结局四个部分。 2(情节的一般作用: ?埋下伏笔，前后照应; ?侧面衬托，烘托人物; ?跌宕起伏，错落有致; ?贯穿全文，线索作用; upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service ?设置悬念，引人入胜; ?总结上文，点明题意; (三)关于小说“环境”要素。 1(“环境”包括:自然环境、社会环境。 自然环境描写:也叫景物描写，主要是对人物活动的时间、地点、季节、气候以及场景的描写。 社会环境描写:主要是对人物活动的具体环境、处所、氛围以及人际关系的描写。 2(环境描写的一般作用: (1)暗示主题; 2)渲染气氛; ( (3)奠定作品基调; (4)烘托人物形象; (5)推动小说情节发展; 三、小说阅读策略 在各式文学作品中，最普及最流行的体裁要算是小说，别林斯基曾说过，什么 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 最被人爱读和争购,乃是小说。同样，在全国各地的高考试卷中，小说也有出现的趋势，以它为命题 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ，用来检测学生的阅读理解能力。既然大家如此关注它，那么我们该如何解答小说类阅读分析题呢, 大家都知道，作为反映社会生活的一种文学体裁，小说有其自身的特点，那就是:故事情节完整，人物个性鲜明，环境描写逼真，主题思想深刻，构思角度精巧。这样，我们在阅读小说时就应该从这些方面入手，捕捉答题技巧。 故事情节的把握 把握好故事情节，是读懂小说的关键，是欣赏小说艺术特点的基础，也是整体感知文章的起点。命题者在为小说命题时，也必定以此为出发点，先从整体上设置理解文章内容的试题。 关于情节。这类型的题目主要是围绕情节构思及其作用命题。 题型有: upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 1、文中写了XX情景在小说中起到什么作用, 2、某事物、人物在小说中有什么作用, 解题思路:明确情节构思为表现人物的宗旨，结合情节的一般作用:一是创造悬念，引人入胜;二是前后照应;三是侧面衬托、埋下伏笔;四是总结上文、点明题意;五起线索作用。然后根据题目要求，结合文章作答。 根据要求组织语言表达:XX情节(事物)在文中有„„作用，突出了„„，表现了„„ 3、概括 ?用一句话或简明的语句概括故事情节; ?文中共写了哪几件事，请依次加以概括; ?用填空的形式概括小说的部分内容(包括指出开端、发展、高潮和结局四部分中的某一方面) (二)人物形象的揣摩 文学即人学，以叙事为主的小说更是以写人为中心。因而在阅读小说时，命题者自然会从分析人物形象这一角度设置试题。 常见题型: 1、结合全文，简要分析人物形象。 2、某某是一个怎样的人物, 3、某某有哪些优秀的品质, 4、分析小说对人物进行描写的具体方法及其作用。 解题思路:通过人物的描写(语言、行动、心理、肖像、细节)分析人物的性格特征，然后根据题目要求作答。 根据要求组织语言表达: 某某是一个什么的人物形象。作为他怎么样，表现了他怎样的性格(思想品质)。 面对这些题型，我们该如何解答呢,一般可从四方面揣摩: 第一，重视小说中人物的身份、地位、经历、教养、气质等，因它们直接决定着人物的言行，影响着人物的性格。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 第二，通过人物的外貌、语言、行动、心理描写揭示人物的思想感情和性格特征。 第三，小说里的人物都是在一定的历史背景下活动的，所以分析人物就应把他们放在一定的社会历史背景下去理解。 第四，注意作者对人物的介绍和评价。 (三)环境描写的作用 环境描写是小说艺术的一个重要内容，小说的环境包括社会环境和自然环境:社会环境描写对揭示小说的中心有着举足轻重的作用，但自然环境描写的作用也不可忽视。 常见题型: ?在文中准确地找出描写环境的句子; ?就指定的环境描写说出其作用; ?依据文章内容发挥想象续写一段环境描写。 (四)作品主题的挖掘 小说的主题是小说的灵魂，是作者的写作目的之所在，也是作品的价值意义之所在。主题的深浅往往决定着作品价值的高低，因此，欣赏小说必须欣赏小说的主题。 常见题型: ?找出体现小说主题的句子(或用自己的话概括作品的主题); ?读了全文后，文章让你明白了什么道理(本文对你有何启迪,谈谈你的一点体会); ?结合全文主题，谈谈你对某一句话(某一个问题)的理解或看法。 如何把握小说的主题呢,一是从小说的情节和人物形象入手;二是联系作品的时代背景及典型的环境描写，认识人物形象的思想性格上所打上的时代烙印，把握住人物形象所折射出的时代特征——达到揭示小说主题的目的;三是从小说的精巧构思中把握作品的主题。 (五)精妙技巧的捕捉 质量上乘的作品，离不开精妙的写作技巧，这是因为写作技巧是作家驾驭文学语言，运用多种艺术表现手法及表达方式、修辞手段等，来构思文学作品塑造文学形象时所表现出的熟练的而又独具特色的艺术才能。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 常见题型: ?文中运用了什么表现方法(细节描写、象征、对比、衬托、铺垫、照应、悬念、巧合等)以及用它塑造形象时所起的作用; ?文中特有的表达方式(记叙、描写、说明、议论、抒情)是如何为作者表情达意服务的; ?在语言运用上有何特点(例如:语言精炼、句式整齐而有节奏感、用词准确而形象、词语丰富而多样)，给读者提供哪些艺术审美情趣。 (六)关于小说的语言 这类型的题目主要是词语、句子含义，句子在文中的作用。 命题题型有: 1、某一词语在文中如何理解, 2、某句在文中的含义是什么,有什么作用, 解题思路:一是瞻前顾后，结合文意理解;二是抓住关键词语理解句子。然后根据题目要求，结合文章作答。 句子)，写了„„，表现了„„ 根据要求组织语言表达:XX词语( 3、语言特点、修辞、表达效果 (七)了解小说的表达技巧 A、人称运用(第一、第二人称的妙处) 1(第一人称:叙述亲切自然，能自由地表达思想感情，给读者以真实生动之感。 2(第二人称:增强文章的抒情性和亲切感，便于感情交流。 3(第三人称:能比较直接客观地展现丰富多彩的生活，不受时间和空间限制，反映现实比较灵活自由。 B、不同顺序的作用(顺叙、倒叙、插叙) 1(顺叙:能按某一顺序(时间或空间)较清楚地进行记叙。 2(倒叙:造成悬念，引人入胜。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 3(插叙:对主要情节或中心事件做必要的铺垫照应，补充说明，使情节更加完整，结构更加严密，内容更加充实丰满。 4(补叙:对上文内容加以补充解释，对下文做某些交代。 5(平叙:俗称“花开两枝，各表一朵”，(指叙述两件或多件同时发生的事)使头绪清楚，照应得体。 C、明确各种描写的特点和作用(外貌、语言、心理、行动、细节、环境。) 1(人物肖像、动作描写、心理描写:更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。 2(人物对话描写、心理描写、细节描写:刻画人物性格，反映人物心理活动，促进故事情节的发展。也可描摹人物的语态，收到一种特殊的效果。 3(白描:纯用线条勾画，不加渲染烘托。以小见大，寥寥几笔勾勒出画面，表现了性格、主题。 景物描写:具体描写自然风光，营造一种气氛，烘托人物的情感和思想。 D、表达方式 ,、表现手法(烘托、象征、衬托、对比、铺垫、欲抑先扬、先抑后扬„„) ,、结构方式(前后照应、创造悬念、埋下伏笔、总结上文、点题) (八)小说的标题如何理解,有何作用, 1、理解 A、小说的主要情节; B、小说的主要人物; C、小说的主要内容。 2、作用 A、线索，贯穿全文 B、点明主题 第二课时 教学内容:小小说阅读 教学目标:1(明确文学类文本阅读的要求(考试说明)。 ,(掌握小小说阅读的一般方法。 教学重点:,(了解江苏高考的命题特点。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service ,(掌握小小说阅读的一般步骤和方法。 ,(掌握小小说阅读的策略。 教学难点:掌握小小说阅读的答题方法。 教学过程: 从高考的实践操作来看，高考命题对小说的考查以考查小小说的阅读为主。因为小小说的比较短小，适合全文交给考生阅读，而不必像短篇乃至中长篇那样费尽心思断章取义，截取部分呈现给考生。小小说除了有其它小说的三要素外，它的“精”、“短”的特性决定了它与其它小说也有区别。 一、小小说基本特征 1、体裁特征 篇幅短小 情节单一 人物单纯 2、主题特征 以小见大 以微显著 短小中开掘深蕴，单一中追求精美，单纯中体现丰富。 二、小小说的鉴赏方法 (一)把握故事情节 (序幕)开端——发展——高潮——结局(尾声) 把握好故事情节，是读懂小说的关键，也是整体感知文章的起点。命题者在为小说命题时，大致包括以下三种题型:?用一句话或简明的语句概括故事情节;?文中共写了哪几件事，请依次加以概括;?概括小说的部分内容(包括指出开端、发展、高潮和结局四部分中的某一方面)。 分析小说的故事情节，可以从以下几方面入手:?理清小说的结构;?寻找线索;?抓住场面。 (二)揣摩人物形象 具体题型: ?指认小说对人物进行描写的具体方法， ?概括指出人物的性格特征， ?对文中人物进行客观公正的评析(包括作者自身对人物的态度和读者对人物的评价)。 如何解答: upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service ?重视小说中人物的身份、地位、经历、教养、气质等，因它们直接决定着人物的言行，影响着人物的性格。 ?通过人物的外貌、语言、行动、心理描写揭示人物的思想感情和性格特征。 ?小说里的人物都是在一定的历史背景下活动的，所以分析人物就应把他们放在一定的社会历史背景下去理解。 ?注意作者对人物的介绍和评价。 (三)注意环境描写 小说中的环境描写，有时是为了表现故事发生的时间、地点和社会条件，用于烘托人物活动的时代意义，有时是为了渲染气氛，从侧面表现人物的性格，它是整个作品中不可分割的构成部分，对于增强故事的真实性是至关重要的。因此在分析人物形象的时候也要分析环境，要连带写景的部分一起分析。 常见的题型有三种: ?在文中准确地找出描写环境的句子; ?就指定的环境描写说出其作用; ?依据文章内容发挥想像续写一段环境描写。 可从五方面进行思考: ?交代故事发生的时间地点; ?暗示社会环境或暗示主题; ?揭示人物心境，表现人物性格; ?渲染气氛; ?推动情节的发展，为刻画人物作铺垫，打基础。 (四)挖掘作品主题 小说的主题寓于小说中的题材和人物形象之中，因此，欣赏小说必须欣赏小说的主题。在高考阅读测试时，可能出现的题型是:?找出体现小说主题的句子(或用自己的话概括作品的主题);?读了全文后，文章让你明白了什么道理(本文对你有何启迪,谈谈你的一点体会);?结合全文主题，谈谈你对某一句话(某一个问题)的理解或看法。 那么，如何把握小说的主题呢, upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service ?从小说的情节和人物形象入手; ?联系作品的时代背景及典型的环境描写，认识人物形象的思想性格上所打上的时代烙印，把握住人物形象所折射出的时代特征——达到揭示小说主题的目的; ?从小说的精巧构思中把握作品的主题。 (五)捕捉写作技巧 在写作技巧这一考点可能出现的题型主要有下面几种: ?文中运用了什么表现方法(细节描写、象征、对比、衬托、铺垫、照应、悬念、欲抑先扬、先抑后扬、巧合等)以及用它塑造形象时所起的作用;?文中特有的表达方式(记叙、描写、说明、议论、抒情)是如何为作者表情达意服务的;?在语言运用上有何特点(例如:语言精炼、句式整齐而有节奏感、用词准确而形象、词语丰富而多样);?明确各种描写(外貌、语言、心理、行动、细节、环境)的特点和作用;?结构方式(前后照应、创造悬念、埋下伏笔、总结上文、点题) upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service