阿托伐他汀钙片说明书

阿托伐他汀钙片说明书 药品名称:阿托伐他汀钙片 商品名称:立普妥 成份:本品主要成分为阿托伐他汀钙 性状:白色椭圆形薄膜衣片 适应症: 【高胆固醇血症】 原发性高胆固醇血症患者，包括家族性高胆固醇血症(杂合子型)或混合性高脂血症患者，如果饮食治疗和其它非药物治疗疗效不满意，应用本品可治疗其总胆固醇升高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高、载脂蛋白B升高和甘油三酯升高。 在纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症患者，阿托伐他汀钙可与其它降脂疗法(如LDL血浆透析法)合用或单独使用(当无其它治疗手段时)，以降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。 【冠心病】 冠心病或冠心病等危症(如糖尿病，症状性动脉粥样硬化性疾病等)合并高胆固醇血症或混合型血脂异常的患者，本品适用于:降低非致死性心肌梗死的风险，降低致死性和非致死性卒中的风险、降低血管重建术的风险、降低因充血性心力衰竭而住院的风险、降低心绞痛的风险。 用法用量: (1)病人在开始本品治疗前，应进行标准的低胆固醇饮食protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 控制，在整个治疗期间也应维持合理膳食。应根据低密度脂蛋白胆固醇基线水平、治疗目标和患者的治疗效果进行计量的个体化调整。 (2)常用的起始剂量为10mg每日一次。计量调整时间间隔应为4周或更长。本品最大剂量为80mg每日一次。阿托伐他汀每日用量可在一天的任意时间一次服用，并不受进食影响。对于心血管事件的低危患者治疗目标是LDL-C,4.14mmol/L(或,160mg/dL)和总胆固醇,6.22mmol/L(或,240mg/dL), 中危患者治疗目标是LDL-C,3.37mmol/L(或,130mg/dL)和总胆固醇,5.18 mmol/L(或,200mg/dL), 高危患者治疗目标是LDL-C,2.59mmol/L(或,100mg/dL)和总胆固醇,4.14 mmol/L(或,160mg/dL), 极高危患者治疗目标是LDL-C,2.07mmol/L(或,80mg/dL)和总胆固醇,3.11mmol/L(或,120mg/dL)。 注解:高密度脂蛋白,缩写名HDL-C 参考值是1.26--1.90 低密度脂蛋白,缩写名LDL-C 参考值是2.0--3.5 (摘自中华心血管病杂志2007年“中国成人血脂异常防治指南”) 【原发性高胆固醇血症患者和混合性高脂血症的治疗】 多数患者服用阿托伐他汀钙片10mg每日一次，其血脂水平可得到控制。治疗两周内可见明显疗效，治疗四周内可见最protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 大疗效。长期治疗可维持疗效。 【杂合子型家族性高胆固醇血症的治疗】 患者初始剂量应为10mg每日。应遵循剂量的个体化原则以每四周为间隔逐步调整至40mg每日。如果仍然未达到满意疗效，可选择将剂量调整到最大剂量80mg每日或以40mg每日一次本品配用胆酸螯合剂治疗。 【注意事项】 (1) 如果同时应用环孢毒素A、纤维酸衍生物(贝特类药 物)、红霉素、克拉毒素、利托那韦加沙奎那韦或洛 匹那韦加利托那韦联用、烟酸或咪唑类抗真菌增加肌 病危险。 注解: 肌病简介 肌病为肌肉的原发性结构或功能性病变故中枢神经国际系统(CNS)下运动神经元末梢神经及神经肌肉接头处致力疾病所致继发性肌软弱皆包括在内根据经过临床和实验室检查特征可对肌病与其他运动神经元疾病手术相鉴别 肌病的分类 protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 临床内科上肌病可以大致分为遗传性和医学获得性性两大类 遗传性肌病 ?肌营养不良 ?先天性肌病 ?肌强直和通道病 ?代谢性肌病 ?线粒体性肌病 医学获得性肌病 ?炎症性肌病 ?内分泌性肌病 ?与外科系统性疾病著名有关的肌病 ?药物/中毒性肌病 甲亢性肌病 甲亢伴发肌肉病变称为甲亢肌病。1835年Graves首次描述甲亢肌病，此后发现本病临床颇为常见，有人报告在54例未加选择的甲亢病人中有44例存在肌病，足证其发病率之高。本病有急性发病，有慢性发病，病情上有轻重之不同，有时肌病可以为甲亢的重要表现或首发症状。临床上依据其protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 发病特点和病变涉及的部位不同分为急性甲亢性肌病、慢性甲亢性肌病、甲亢性周期麻痹、甲亢性眼肌麻痹和甲亢伴重症性肌无力等五种。 本病多数为中年男性，起病缓慢，主要表现为进行性肌无力和肌萎缩，病变涉及的部位以手部大小鱼际、肩胛肌、骨盆肌、臀肌较为明显，甚可影响全身肌肉，以致患者出现站立、蹲位起立、走路、登楼、提物等均感到困难，可见肌纤维颤动，肌电图示非特异性肌病改变，血尿肌酸增高。肌病的严重程度大多数与甲亢的严重程度呈平行关系，甲亢控制后，肌病即好转。 进行沈阳性肌营养不良症是一组原发于肌肉组织完成的遗传性变性特别疾病多发生于儿童和青少年经过主要见于男性患者本病起源侵袭多表完成现为进行已经性加重的肌肉萎缩和无力以假性肥大型常见本病的发病原因多数学者认为系一组遗传性肌肉变性疾病介入多为隐性遗传除此之外尚有细胞膜性自身免疫诊断血管源性神经元性等学说近年来多数学者认为本病是由遗传性肌细胞的某种代谢缺陷致使细胞膜的结构与功能发生改变由于该建立基因的突变(缺失或重复)致使其基因晋升产物-抗肌萎缩蛋白不能在肌膜上正常表达膜生化分析显示抗肌萎缩蛋白是一分子量为KD的棒状蛋白质位于肌膜的胞浆侧与跨膜糖蛋白结合导师形成一复合物并与细胞外基质层的粘连蛋白相连在DMD患protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 儿由于抗肌萎缩蛋白在肌膜上的表达缺陷使细胞膜结构异常钙离子大量内流肌肉发生进行紧密性坏死专业因此DMD的基因开始缺陷使细胞膜下蛋白-抗肌萎缩蛋白生成障碍是细胞膜功能异常的原因是生病的问题主要机理。 (2) 在治疗前、治疗开始后12周及剂量增加后12周应检 查肝功能，此后定期(如半年)检查。 【低胆固醇饮食】 越来越多的人患有“恐高症”，视高胆固醇饮食为洪水猛兽，一提到高胆固醇，就认为它是冠心病、脑血管病、动脉硬化症的代名词，于是转而求“低”。但近期来自国外的研究结果显示，人体内胆固醇过低易衰老，易患癌症、抑郁症等疾病。那么，胆固醇到底是什么,它在人体内起什么作用,胆固醇究竟是高好还是低好,它保持在什么水平对身体健康最有利呢,解放军302医院营养医师梁有福建议，每人每日胆固醇的摄入量为不超过300毫克为宜，这大约相当于一个鸡蛋的量。人没有胆固醇活不下去 梁医生说，每个人的正常生长发育需要三大营养素，即蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物，其中的脂类主要包括甘油三脂、磷脂和固醇类三类，胆固醇就是固醇的一类，也是最重要的一种固醇。它是细胞膜的重要成分，对于维持正常的细胞功能有着重要作用;胆固醇是维持人体正常新陈代谢不可缺少的原料，是抗老防衰、延年益寿的重要物质，protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 也是体内多种激素的重要原料，如类固醇激素、维生素D、胆汁酸的重要原料。可以说，细胞离不开胆固醇，机体离不开胆固醇，人体内一旦没有了胆固醇，不但谈不到健康长寿，就连人体正常的生理代谢和生命过程都维持不下去。胆固醇有好坏之分 据梁医生介绍，胆固醇主要存在于动物性食物中，尤其是动物的内脏和脑中最高，而鱼类和奶类中的含量较低，比如每100克猪脑、羊脑、鸡蛋黄和鸡蛋(含蛋清)分别含胆固醇2571毫克、2004毫克、2850毫克和585毫克。人体内胆固醇的来源主要有两个:一是内源性的，即由肝脏合成的，这部分约占总胆固醇的70,;另一部分是外源性的，即来自于食物中的胆固醇，大约占30,。如果食物中胆固醇长期摄入不足，体内便会加紧合成，以满足人体的需求。 胆固醇又分为高密度胆固醇和低密度胆固醇两种，前者对心血管有保护作用，通常称之为“好胆固醇”，后者偏高，冠心病的危险性就会增加，通常称之为“坏胆固醇”。血液中胆固醇含量每单位在140—199毫克之间，是比较正常的胆固醇水平。脂肪越多胆固醇吸收越高 梁医生说，食物中的胆固醇并不会完全被人体所吸收，胆固醇吸收的多与少主要取决于以下几个因素: 一、当体内胆汁酸缺乏时，胆固醇的吸收会明显降低，食物中的脂肪可以促进胆汁的分泌，脂肪的分解产物还有利于胆固醇的吸收，因此，食物中含脂肪越多，就越能增加胆固醇的吸收。 二、体内胆固醇的吸收率随着食物中胆固醇含量的增加而减少，食物中胆固醇含量越高，人体的吸收率就越低，但当食物中的胆固醇含量protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 高的时候，人体的绝对吸收量会增加。 三、饱和脂肪酸有助于胆固醇升高，而不饱和脂肪酸有助于胆固醇降低。 四、食物中的某些成分影响胆固醇的吸收，如谷固醇就能减少胆固醇的吸收，食物中的膳食纤维也具有此类功能。胆固醇过高或过低都有损健康 人们都知道，人体血液中胆固醇如果过高，会造成动脉粥样硬化，而动脉粥样硬化又是冠心病、心肌梗死和脑卒中的主要危险因素。但血液中的胆固醇如果过低，对身体也会造成损害。 胆固醇又是人体必不可少的“建筑材料”，用以支撑体内所有细胞的结构形状。胆固醇不足的细胞就好像是一盒带有小洞眼的果冻，当与大脑情绪调节化学分子接触时，致密性差的细胞就无法作出适当的反应。细胞的工作机理类似锁与钥匙，细胞是锁，神经传递是钥匙。如果细胞结构不佳，钥匙便可能难以开锁，激活不了细胞，人的情绪因此出现极不稳定现象。而且，人体缺少胆固醇时，细胞膜组织就会遭到破坏，噬异变细胞白血球的功能及活性减弱，不能有效地识别、杀伤和吞噬包括癌细胞在内的变异细胞，人体就会患癌症等疾病。资料显示，机体内胆固醇过低的人，患结肠癌的机会是胆固醇水平正常人的3倍，其他癌症的患病率也大大提高。每天摄入300毫克胆固醇为宜. 人体胆固醇绝不是可有可无，而是必须保持在一定水平，以使生理过程顺利进行。那么人体每天究竟摄入多少为宜呢,梁医生推荐，protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound 每日胆固醇的摄入量为不超过300毫克为宜，大约相当于一个鸡蛋的 量。老年人每天应吃100—150克肉食，1—2个鸡蛋，约折合胆固醇 200—300毫克。同时，梁医生提醒人们在日常饮食中要科学用膳， 注意做到: 第一，尽量选用低胆固醇的食物，比如各种植物性食物，还有禽肉、 乳品、鱼、蛋清等; 第二，避免高脂肪、高胆固醇的食物，尤其是富含饱和脂肪的食物， 如猪油及各种动物油、脑、鱼子、蟹黄等; 第三，多食用富含膳食纤维和植物固醇的食物，如各种绿色蔬菜可以 帮助降低胆固醇。 在适当摄取富含胆固醇的动物性食物时，可增加富含磷钙的大豆制 品、蘑菇类等的摄入，以减少胆固醇在血管壁的沉积，维护血管功能。 【能降胆固醇的食物】 b.html f.html protection design of tall buildings GB50045-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard GB50222-95 6, building curtain wall design code for lightning protection lightning protection standard building GB50057-94 7, building curtain wall technical standards for lighting architectural lighting design standard GB/T50033-2001 optical properties of glass curtain wall GB/ T18091-2000 8, physical inspection and technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction performance testing method for in-plane deformation of curtain wall GB/T18250-2000 classification GB/T15225-94 wind pressure of building curtain wall building curtain wall physical properties deformation performance test method GB/T15227-94 curtain GB/T15226-94 curtain air permeability test methods rainwater seepage performance test methods GB/T15228-94 9, Windows testing technical standards of architectural curtain wall House Windows airtight, watertight and wind resistance performance test method JG/T211-2007 House Windows lighting performance graduation and test method for GB/T11976-2002 wind pressure resistance performance of building exterior Windows graduation and test method for GB/T7106-2002 House Windows sound