上海话 的发音

1上海话的发音课程讲义（一）17个与普通话读音相同的声母这十七个声母分别为：b（剥）p（朴）m（摸）f（福）d（答）t（塔）n（纳）l（蜡）g（鸽）k（渴）h（喝）j（鸡）q（妻）x（希）z（资）c（雌）s（思）这17个音，用与普通话汉语拼音相同的字母标音。上海话的音系十分简单，只要参考普通话和英语的发音，就可以学会上海话的语音。我们在此使用的给上海话标音的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，就是用2006年在“首届国际上海方言学术研讨会”上专家集体审定的《上海话拼音 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 》中的标准注音，并与即将诞生的“上海话语汇数码化”中的《上海话语音输入系统》（即《上海话输入法》）相同。上海话的音节与普通话一样，由声母、韵母、声调三部分组成。一、上海话的声母（二）7个与英语读音相同的声母，是通常所说的浊辅音（“[]”内为国际音标注音）它们分别为：bh[b]（卜）、dh[d]（达）、gh[g]（搿）、sh[z]（词）、fh[v]（服）、hh[ú]（合）、ng[N]（额)对于这些浊辅音，我们使用标音的方法，就是在和它对应的清音声母的后面加上一个h，用h表示浊音。上海话的发音下面我们把上海话的声母复习一下：b[p]巴搬兵百p[pÁ]怕攀捧泼bh[b]婆拌旁别m[m]母满闷木f[f]夫反方福fh[v]符犯坟佛d[t]多单丁德t[tÁ]体滩通脱dh[d]地段同特n[n]乃南让热l[l]溜拎乱落g[k]盖干工各k[kÁ]苦铅肯客gh[g]葵环共轧ng[N]熬鹅硬额h[h]灰汉烘忽hh[ú]鞋画杭合J[tþ]居尖精级q[tþÁ]区浅庆漆jh[dü]求件琴极x需宣相血[þ]xh[ü]谢钱墙席z[ts]子专张责c[tsÁ]超参撑促s[s] 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 三松说sh[z]字传陈食（红字表示的是普通话中没有而上海话中有的浊音声母。此外，n、m、l也是浊音声母。）2（三）两个与英语读音十分相近的声母第一个是jh[dü]（旗），即把与普通话相同的“j”读成浊音，它与英语“g”的字母音[dZ]相似；第二个是xh[ü]（齐），即把与普通话相同的“x”读成浊音，它与英语“pleasure（快乐）”中的“s[Z]”发音相似。（四）复习课程讲义上海话的发音3课程讲义二、上海话的韵母上海话的基础韵母（即发音各不相同的韵）一共有20个。（一）9个与普通话读音相同的韵母这些韵母为：i（衣）、u（乌）、yu（迂）、a(啊)、o(哦)、y（字）、en（恩）、ong（翁）、er（而）。请注意这些音中，“yu（迂）”和“y（字）”两个音所用字母与普通话拼音不同，因为用yu是为了避免电脑上难以打出的“ü”，用y而不用i为“字”的韵母，是我们仍需要用i记上海话中“分尖团”音的沪剧语音。e[£]，与普通话“ye（耶）、yue（约）”中的“e”读音相同。（二）其它的韵母1．Ao[□]（澳）与ou[¶]（欧）这两个韵母与普通话的读音稍有不同，上海话读成单元音。上海话ao（澳）韵的读音与英语“saw（看）”中的“aw”的读音相同。（如上海话的“烧”与英语“saw”读音相同。上海话用ou韵的字与普通话ou韵里的字相同，但ou（欧）的读音却与普通话“饿”的读音相同，与英语“bird（鸟）”中的“ir”读音相同。语言4上海话的发音2.an[a)]（打）与ang[A)]（党）上海话的“ang（肮）”韵，读如普通话的“ang”韵，但鼻音是落在元音上面的，读成鼻音化[A]的元音，因此鼻音没有普通话的“ng”重，与英语“long”中的“ong”的读音相似，与法语的“en[A)]”相同。上海话的“an（打、生）”是舌位在前的[a]，上面带有鼻化音。这两个音在有些青年的语音中合并成一个音，即“打＝党，生＝伤”，可以处理为“模糊音，”，用ang表示在网上打。3．上海话中的4个入声韵读音如下：ak（鸭）：读“阿”的短促音，如“阿哥、阿弟”的“阿”。ek（厄）：读如英语不定冠词“a”的读音。ok（喔）：读如英语“book”中的“oo”读音。ik（益）：读如英语“is”、“it”中的“i”读音。“k”在此是入声的标志，表示喉部的塞音[/]，急促收尾。上海话保留古汉语的全部入声字音。ak和ek两韵在现今有些青年人中已经合并，如：“杀sak＝色sek”，我们也将它们处理成模糊音，用ak表示。4．上海话中有三个辅音作韵母用，后面没有元音，它们是“m（姆）”、“n（唔）”、“ng（鱼）”。5．上海话中有一个“oe[O]（安）”韵为普通话、英语所无，它的发音是用普通话ü的圆嘴唇口形把口张大点儿，就读成了“oe[O]”音。英语中有一个法语借词“jeunefille（年轻女子、小姐）”，其中“jeune”的注音为“[Z¿n]”，其元音“[¿]”是法语的读音，与上海话的“oe”韵读音相近。法语的“deux[dO]”，意思是“二、两”，其中的元音读音与上海话这个“oe”韵读音完全相同。课程讲义5上海话的发音课程讲义6．上海话中“i、u、yu”开头的零声母字的标音法，与普通话一样，标为“y、w、yu”。如：“yi衣ya呀yin音yong永；we畏wang汪wak挖；yuoe冤yuik郁”。上海话中有读浊音的零声母字，“i、u、yu”开头的，在第二字母的位置加上“h”用以区别读清音的零声母字。如：“衣yi”、“移yhi”、“汪wang”、“黄whang”、“迂yu”、“雨yhu”。其他浊的零声母字，都用“hh”声母表示，如：“澳ao”、“号hhao”，“欧ou”、“后hhou”、“一yik”、“页yhik”。（三）复习下面我们回顾一下上海话的基础韵母：i[i]低西变现u[u]布乌初多yu[y]许虑雨贵y[□]试资朱处A[¢]拉鞋街泰o[o]沙哑瓜画e[£]海悲推难Ao[□]少包炒老ou[¶]否头口周oe[O]半看官欢An[a)]硬杏生绷en[«ø]根恒能春ang[A)]昂伤床窗ong[oN]功龙中翁Ak[a/]法麦盒达ok[o/]绿俗角作ek[«/]塞墨合特ik[I/]笔力急歇Er[«l]尔而儿饵m[m`]姆亩呒n[n`]`唔n以上22个韵母，都可以单独做韵母，i、u、yu又可以做介音，介音可以与其他韵合成。上海话的发音i——ia写谢、ie廿械、iao表桥、iou就流、iang将羊、in丁今、iong荣穷、ik跌薛、iak脚削。U——ua怪坏、ue会惯、uang荒王、uen困昏、uak刮划uek活骨。Yu——yuoe冤远软卷yun君允、yuik越血。i行的韵母，前面没有声母的时候，写成yi（衣）、ya（呀）、yao（腰）、you（忧）、yang（央）、yin（英）、yong（雍）、yak（约）。u行的韵母，前面没有声母的时候，写成wa（娃）、we（威）、wang（汪）、wen（温）、wak（挖）、wek（殟）。以上韵母在阳声调里，均在第二位置加上一个h，以示与阴声调音节读音区别。如：yha（野）、whu（胡）、whek（活）、yhun（云）。yu和yu开头的韵母，在与声母相拼时，除了与声母“n”、“l”外，都可省去“y”，只写作“u”。如：贵ju，券quoe，血xuik。女nyu、旅lyu不能省。6课程讲义上海话的发音三、上海话的声调7课程讲义下面讲上海话的声调。“上海话输入法”中不用声调，所以只要掌握上面的声母韵母就行。但是为了学好上海话，不学声调是不行的。上海话的声调是吴语中最为简单的。1．第一声阴平，读51，读如普通话的第四声去声。2．第二声阴去，读34；第三声阳去，读23。二者调形相同，一个配清辅音开头的音节，所以高一点；一个配浊辅音开头的音节，低一点。3．第四声阴入，读5，第五声阳入，读12，都是发音短促、末尾有喉部塞音的入声声调，一个高一个低，原因也是高的对应清辅音声母，低的对应浊辅音声母。①阴平51江天飞高心书②阴去34懂好土对去太③阳去23来同有稻外大④阴入5笃各脱出黑级⑤阳入12六学白石木极8上海话的发音四、连续调说话时，两个音节（即两个字）或两个以上的音节（即两个以上的字）连在一起发音，构成一个连读单位，就是一个语音词，用一个连读调发音。这是吴语方言的特点。一个语音词用哪个连读调念，只要看它的第一个字是什么声调。上海话的连读调的规律是：第一个字定调，后面的字都是附着的，失去了原来的单字调，与第一字共用一个连读调，它的调型是第一个字的声调的延伸。下面是连读调调型总表：单字调两字连读调三字连读调四字连读调五字连读调①阴平5155＋3155＋33＋3155＋33＋33＋3155＋33＋33＋33＋31②阴去3433＋4433＋55＋3133＋55＋33＋3133＋55＋33＋33＋31③阳去2322＋4422＋55＋3122＋55＋33＋3122＋55＋33＋33＋31④阴入53＋443＋55＋313＋55＋33＋313＋55＋33＋33＋31⑤阳入121＋231＋22＋23A.1＋22＋22＋232＋55＋33＋33＋31B.2＋55＋33＋31课程讲义上海话的发音在书中标音时，表示方法作了简化，11用1，22用2，33用3，44用4，55用5，23用3，31用1。举例：①天ti51，天堂ti5dhang1，天落水ti5lok3sy1，天下世界ti5hhoo3sy3ga1②快kua34，快手kua3sou4，快手脚kua3sou5jiak1，快手快脚kua3sou5kua3jiak1③后hhou23，后头hhou2ddou4后天井hhou2ti5jin1，后门口头hhou2men5kou3dhou1④一yik5，一级yik3jik4，一末生yek3mek5sang1，一天世界yik3ti5si3ga1，一本三正经yik3ben5se3zen3jin1⑤热nik12，热煞nik1sak3，热天色nik1ti2sek3，热汤热水nik1tang2nik2sy3/nik2tang5nik3sy1，热侬大头昏nik2nong5dhu3dhou3hun1我们有两种方法标注声调问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，一种用简化的办法表示声调：凡是第一行①的连读调，即以阴平开头的连读调不论有几个字连读，就标一个①来表示。其他分别以②③④⑤来表示。如：天ti①天落水tiloksy①快手kuasou②一天世界yiktisyga④还有一种方法是，直接在每个音节的拼音下，用单数字写上它的声调高低。我们将在输入法的词典中用第一种方法标注声调，但是在这个讲座里，为了使大家读起声调高低来一目了然，而用第二种数字标注方法。课程讲义9上海话的发音10下面我们复习一下这一讲上海话语音的主要 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ：bang绑pang胖bhang棒di底ti舔dhi地gek鸽kek刻ghek搿fok福fhok服ha蟹hha鞋se散she财ti天、tu拖、ta太、te滩、toe蜕、tao套、tou透、ten氽、tang烫、tong痛、tak塔、tok托、tek脱、tik踢yi椅、yu喂、ya雅、yuoe怨、yao要、you幼、yan央、yin影、yong勇、yik一、yak约、yok郁爸爸baba老爸laoba姆妈mma：（妈妈）老妈laoma爷yha：父亲的引称娘niang：母亲的引称老爹laodia/爷爷yhayha唔奶nna：（奶奶）外公ngagong外婆ngabhu阿公akgong/公公gonggong阿婆akbhu/婆婆bhu2bhu4丈人shangnin丈姆娘shangmniang：（岳母）爷叔yhasok：（叔叔）伯伯bakbak小叔xiaosok婶娘senniang：（婶婶）姨妈yhima:妈的姐姐。阿姨ayhi：妈的妹妹。姨夫yhifu孃孃niangniang：父亲的姐妹。娘舅niangjhiu：（舅舅）舅妈jhiuma阿哥akgu4/哥哥gugu阿嫂aksao/嫂嫂saosao阿姐akjia/姐姐jiajia姐夫jiafu弟弟dhidhi弟新妇dhixinfhu：（弟媳）妹妹meme妹夫mefu老公laogong老婆laobhu儿子nizy新妇xinfhu：（媳妇）囡儿noeng：（女儿）女婿nyuxi毛脚maojik：（未婚女婿）侄子shekzy侄囡sheknoe：（侄女）孙子senzi孙囡sennoe：（孙女）外甥ngasang外甥囡ngasangnoe亲眷qinjuoe一家门yikgamen：（一家子）课程讲义<</ASCII85EncodePagesfalse/AllowTransparencyfalse/AutoPositionEPSFilestrue/AutoRotatePages/None/Binding/Left/CalGrayProfile(DotGain20%)/CalRGBProfile(sRGBIEC61966-2.1)/CalCMYKProfile(U.S.WebCoated\050SWOP\051v2)/sRGBProfile(sRGBIEC61966-2.1)/CannotEmbedFontPolicy/Error/CompatibilityLevel1.4/CompressObjects/Tags/CompressPagestrue/ConvertImagesToIndexedtrue/PassThroughJPEGImagestrue/CreateJDFFilefalse/CreateJobTicketfalse/DefaultRenderingIntent/Default/DetectBlendstrue/DetectCurves0.0000/ColorConversionStrategy/CMYK/DoThumbnailsfalse/EmbedAllFontstrue/EmbedOpenTypefalse/ParseICCProfilesInCommentstrue/EmbedJobOptionstrue/DSCReportingLevel0/EmitDSCWarningsfalse/EndPage-1/ImageMemory1048576/LockDistillerParamsfalse/MaxSubsetPct100/Optimizetrue/OPM1/ParseDSCCommentstrue/ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfotrue/PreserveCopyPagetrue/PreserveDICMYKValuestrue/PreserveEPSInfotrue/PreserveFlatnesstrue/PreserveHalftoneInfofalse/PreserveOPICommentstrue/PreserveOverprintSettingstrue/StartPage1/SubsetFontstrue/TransferFunctionInfo/Apply/UCRandBGInfo/Preserve/UseProloguefalse/ColorSettingsFile()/AlwaysEmbed[true]/NeverEmbed[true]/AntiAliasColorImagesfalse/CropColorImagestrue/ColorImageMinResolution300/ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy/OK/DownsampleColorImagestrue/ColorImageDownsampleType/Bicubic/ColorImageResolution300/ColorImageDepth-1/ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth1/ColorImageDownsampleThreshold1.50000/EncodeColorImagestrue/ColorImageFilter/DCTEncode/AutoFilterColorImagestrue/ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy/JPEG/ColorACSImageDict<</QFactor0.15/HSamples[1111]/VSamples[1111]>>/ColorImageDict<</QFactor0.15/HSamples[1111]/VSamples[1111]>>/JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict<</TileWidth256/TileHeight256/Quality30>>/JPEG2000ColorImageDict<</TileWidth256/TileHeight256/Quality30>>/AntiAliasGrayImagesfalse/CropGrayImagestrue/GrayImageMinResolution300/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy/OK/DownsampleGrayImagestrue/GrayImageDownsampleType/Bicubic/GrayImageResolution300/GrayImageDepth-1/GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth2/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold1.50000/EncodeGrayImagestrue/GrayImageFilter/DCTEncode/AutoFilterGrayImagestrue/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy/JPEG/GrayACSImageDict<</QFactor0.15/HSamples[1111]/VSamples[1111]>>/GrayImageDict<</QFactor0.15/HSamples[1111]/VSamples[1111]>>/JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict<</TileWidth256/TileHeight256/Quality30>>/JPEG2000GrayImageDict<</TileWidth256/TileHeight256/Quality30>>/AntiAliasMonoImagesfalse/CropMonoImagestrue/MonoImageMinResolution1200/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy/OK/DownsampleMonoImagestrue/MonoImageDownsampleType/Bicubic/MonoImageResolution1200/MonoImageDepth-1/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold1.50000/EncodeMonoImagestrue/MonoImageFilter/CCITTFaxEncode/MonoImageDict<</K-1>>/AllowPSXObjectsfalse/CheckCompliance[/None]/PDFX1aCheckfalse/PDFX3Checkfalse/PDFXCompliantPDFOnlyfalse/PDFXNoTrimBoxErrortrue/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset[0.000000.000000.000000.00000]/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBoxtrue/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset[0.000000.000000.000000.00000]/PDFXOutputIntentProfile()/PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier()/PDFXOutputCondition()/PDFXRegistryName()/PDFXTrapped/False/Description<</CHS<FEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002>/CHT<FEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002>/DAN<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>/DEU<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>/ESP<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>/FRA<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>/ITA<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>/JPN<FEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002>/KOR<FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e>/NLD(GebruikdezeinstellingenomAdobePDF-documententemakendiezijngeoptimaliseerdvoorprepress-afdrukkenvanhogekwaliteit.DegemaaktePDF-documentenkunnenwordengeopendmetAcrobatenAdobeReader5.0enhoger.)/NOR<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>/PTB<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>/SUO<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>/SVE<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>/ENU(UsethesesettingstocreateAdobePDFdocumentsbestsuitedforhigh-qualityprepressprinting.CreatedPDFdocumentscanbeopenedwithAcrobatandAdobeReader5.0andlater.)>>/Namespace[(Adobe)(Common)(1.0)]/OtherNamespaces[<</AsReaderSpreadsfalse/CropImagesToFramestrue/ErrorControl/WarnAndContinue/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverridesfalse/IncludeGuidesGridsfalse/IncludeNonPrintingfalse/IncludeSlugfalse/Namespace[(Adobe)(InDesign)(4.0)]/OmitPlacedBitmapsfalse/OmitPlacedEPSfalse/OmitPlacedPDFfalse/SimulateOverprint/Legacy>><</AddBleedMarksfalse/AddColorBarsfalse/AddCropMarksfalse/AddPageInfofalse/AddRegMarksfalse/ConvertColors/ConvertToCMYK/DestinationProfileName()/DestinationProfileSelector/DocumentCMYK/Downsample16BitImagestrue/FlattenerPreset<</PresetSelector/MediumResolution>>/FormElementsfalse/GenerateStructurefalse/IncludeBookmarksfalse/IncludeHyperlinksfalse/IncludeInteractivefalse/IncludeLayersfalse/IncludeProfilesfalse/MultimediaHandling/UseObjectSettings/Namespace[(Adobe)(CreativeSuite)(2.0)]/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector/DocumentCMYK/PreserveEditingtrue/UntaggedCMYKHandling/LeaveUntagged/UntaggedRGBHandling/UseDocume