长城 英文介绍
Great Wall of ChinaGreat Wall of ChinaAdd To WorkspaceBritannica Elementary
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Introduction
The Great Wall of China winds through a hilly area.
The Great Wall of China winds across the Chinese countryside for more than 6,500
kilometres (4,000 miles) east to west. It is one of the biggest structures ever
made by humans. The ancient Chinese built the wall as a defence against invaders
from the north. Today it attracts tourists from all over the world.
Structure and Uses
The wall has a simple structure. It is built of dirt, stone and brick. Its
height ranges from 5 to 9 metres (15 to 30 feet), and its width is 5 to 8 metres
(15 to 25 feet). A wide pathway runs along the top, and towers stand at regular
intervals. The wall has several passes, or openings, as well. Passes were
usually located at important positions such as meeting points of trade routes.
Each pass had a gate with a huge wooden door. A watchtower stood on the top of
each gate. Soldiers used these tall watchtowers to look out for the enemy.
Signal towers were used to send military information. Soldiers often used fires
or lanterns to send their messages at night. Smoke signals were used during the
day. Military people also sent signals by raising banners, beating clappers or
firing guns. The lower levels of the signal towers had rooms for the soldiers
and stables for horses.
History
The Great Wall of China began as several unconnected walls. Eventually these
separate walls were joined together to make one long wall.
Workers in the Chinese state of Chu began construction on a portion of the wall
in the 600s BC. They made this wall to protect themselves from their enemies.
From the 500s to the 300s BC other states followed Chu's example and began
creating their own protective walls. Finally, in the 200s BC, the Chinese
emperor Shi Huangdi began work to connect all the different walls throughout
China. Over the centuries the wall was repaired several times.
The wall's use as a defensive barrier ended in 1644 with the collapse of the
Ming Dynasty. Afterwards some of the wall fell into disrepair, but in the 1900s
parts were rebuilt. The Great Wall is now regarded as a symbol of China.
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To cite this page:
MLA Style: "Great Wall of China." Britannica Elementary Library.
Encyclopdia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclopdia
Britannica, 2011.
APA Style: Great Wall of China. (2011). Britannica Elementary Library.
Encyclopdia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclopdia
Britannica.
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