旅游翻译关于重庆

旅游翻译关于重庆 Chongqing is famous for the towering mountains and roaring rivers, which have witnessed the local civilization of over 3000 years. Chongqing maintains its regional importance in defense, politics, trade, and logistics for long; its glories and growth marked the history of China. In the recent 100 years, Chongqing was first the commercial and trade center of the region, then the wartime capital of then China and now on the path for greater prospect. It was an ancient military fort and now the hub connecting China's vast west and eastern coast as well as the rest of the world. It was China's ancient regional trade center and now the economic center of the upper Yangtze. It was a town specialized in entrepot trade and now the largest industrial & commercial city of the region. It was a port city based in the Sichuan Basin and now a municipality opened to the whole world. Chongqing is now at a new momentum, a momentum for broader achievements. This attributes to three unprecedented opportunities: the construction of the Three Gorges Dam Project and the migration of residents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the establishment of the municipality directly under the central government, and China's Go West Strategy. This brings new vigor, new vision to Chongqing and turns a new folio on Chongqing's history. Chongqing is now at a new momentum, a momentum for broader achievements. This attributes to three unprecedented opportunities: the construction of the Three Gorges Dam Project and the migration of residents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the establishment of the municipality directly under the central government, and China's Go West Strategy. This brings new vigor, new vision to Chongqing and turns a new folio on Chongqing's history. Welcome to Chongqing, a vigorous and vibrant city, irresistibly attractive and charming! Chongqing, with its rich natural resources both on the ground and underground, favorably located, with great potential for development, is one of China's regions abundant in natural resources. Chongqing, a famous historical and cultural city in China, has a history of more than 3,000 years and a glorious revolutionary tradition. The local culture was originated in the area centered at Chongqing, the place of the ancient Ba. Human activities can be dated back to the end of the Old Stone Age about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. In the 11th century B.C. when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty, the Ba people established the State of Ba with present-day Chongqing as its capital. Later the State of Qin, after conquering the State of Ba, divided China into 36 prefectures, and Ba Prefecture, the previous the State of Ba, was one of them. At its peak time, the State of Ba covered a large area, including present-day eastern Sichuan province, southern Shaanxi province, western Hubei province, northwestern Hunan province, and northern Guizhou province, with its administrative center at the pre-1997 Chongqing. During most of the time from the Qin and Han dynasties, this area remained one unified administrative area, with its administrative center at the pre-1997 Chongqing. Chongqing was known as Jiangzhou in ancient times, and later was called Ba Prefecture, Chu Prefecture, Yu Prefecture, and Gong prefecture at different times. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589), Ba Prefecture was named Chu Prefecture, and it was renamed Yu Prefecture in 581 A.D. by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (541-604), and since then the area of Chongqing was known as Yu for short. In 1189, before he was enthroned, Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty (1147- 1200) was named Prince Gong. Considering the events a "double happiness" that happened in the same year while he was the ruler of the place, he promoted Gong Prefecture into Chongqing Fu. That is how the city got its present name Chongqing more than 800 years ago. In 1981, Chongqing became China's first inland port opened to the outside world. In 1929, Chongqing was officially established as a city. From 1937 to 1946, when the national government was relocated to Chongqing, the city became the war-time capital of China, the national supreme command of Anti-Fascist War and the Anti-Japanese War, as well as the political, economic and cultural centers of the rear area in that period. Consequently, Chongqing is called "the Capital in Triplicate". After the national government returned to Nanjing after the War, Chongqing remained a municipality directly under the central government. In the early years after the founding of New China, Chongqing served as the seat of Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the seat of the Southwest Military and Administrative Commission, and the political, economic, and cultural centers of Southwest China, and was a municipality directly under the central government. In 1954, Chongqing became a city under the government of Sichuan province when the Southwest China administration division was removed. In 1983, Chongqing became China's first pilot city in comprehensive reform of China's economic system and became the first city listed in the State budget with the authority in the management of economic affairs of the provincial level. In 1992, Chongqing became a riparian open city. In September 1996, Chongqing was given the authority to administer the cities of Wanxian and Fuling, and Qianjiang Prefecture. On March 14, 1997, Chongqing became China's fourth municipality directly under the central government, the only one in west China, when a bill was approved at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, opening a new chapter in the history of Chongqing. Chongqing is situated at 105`17'-110`11' E and 28`10'-32`13' N, at the transitional area between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the plain on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the sub-tropical climate zone swept by the moist monsoon. The average annual temperature is around 18??, with the lowest winter temperature averaging between 6?? and 8?? and summer temperature averaging between 27?? and 29??. It has a total annual sunshine time of 1,000 to 1,200 hours. It has mild winter, hot summers, long frost-free periods and ample rain, as well as warm, wet and cloudy days, with rain and heat occurring in the same season. It has an annual rainfall of 1,000-1,400 mm. It often rains at night in late spring and early summer, and thus the city is famous for its "night rain in the Ba Mountains". The land under Chongqing's jurisdiction is 470 kilometers from east to west, and 450 kilometers from north to south. It borders on Hubei and Hunan provinces in the east, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and north and Shaanxi Province at its northeast corner. Chongqing covers a large area crisscrossed by rivers and mountains. The Daba Mountains stand in the north, the Wushan Mountains in the east, the Wuling Mountains in the southeast and the Dalou Mountains in the south. The whole area slopes down from north and south towards the Yangtze valley, with sharp rises and falls. The area is featured by mountain and hills, with large sloping areas at different heights. Typical karst landscape is common in this area, and stone forests, forests of peaks, limestone caves and valleys can be found in many places. The Yangtze River runs through the whole area from west to east, covering a course of 665 kilometers, cutting through the Wushan Mountains at three places and forming the well-known Three Gorges: the Qutang, the Wuxia and the Xiling gorges. Coming from northwest and running through "the Jialing Lesser Three Gorges" of Libi, Wentang and Guanyin, the Jialing River joins the Yangtze in Chongqing. The central urban area of Chongqing, or Chongqing proper, is a beautiful city with its unique features. Built on mountains and embraced by the Yangtze and Jialing rivers, it is known as a "mountain city" and a "city on rivers". The night scene of the city is very charming, with millions of lights and their reflection on the rivers, forming another Milky Way. With its special topographical features, Chongqing has the unique magnificent scenery of mountain, rivers, forests, springs, waterfalls, gorges and caves. The best natural scenery is found in the Yangtze Three Gorges. High cliffs standing face to face on either side of the Yangtze, forming a natural gallery of arts. Each of the three gorges has its special charm: the Qutang Gorge is imposing and magnificent, the Wuxia Gorge elegant and graceful, and the Xiling Gorge precipitous and perilous. There are the even more beautiful Lesser Three Gorges on the Daning River and the Lesser Lesser Three Gorges on the Madu River. Li Bai (701-762), the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, inspired by the scenery, chanted while touring through the Three Gorges, and left the world an immortal poem: Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud, I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day. With the monkeys' adieus the riverbanks are loud, My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away. In addition to the magnificent gorges, Mother Nature has also favored the city with other gifts: the rich natural resources in Jinfo Mountain in Nanchuan, known as a natural bank of genes, and in Simian Mountain in Jiangjin, the largest primitive forest on the same latitude in the world; the scenery along valleys on the Wujing River, Jialing River and the Daning River; and the beautiful lakes of Changshou, Xiaonanhai, and Qinglong. 1. Vegetation and Animals There are rich vegetation resources in the territory of Chongqing, with forest coverage reaching 20.49 percent. More than 6,000 kinds of vegetation can be found in this area, including rare species of trees, such as the spinulose tree fern, the metasequoia, the bald Chinese fir, the cathaya argyrop-hylla, and the dove tree, known as "living fossils". On Jinyun Mountain alone, there are more than 1,700 kinds of subtropical trees, including the "living fossil" metasequoia, the tree that existed 160 million years ago, and bretscheidera sinensis and the "moth tree", trees rarely seen in other parts of the world. On Jinfo Mountain in Nanchuan County, a natural reserve and scenic spot, there are 5,880 species of 333 families of vegetation, including 52 rare plants such as cathaya argyrophylla, square bamboo, ginkgo, giant tea tree, and ginseng, as well as 36 rare species of animals under special protection by the State, such as presbytis fran?oisi and leopard. On Simianshan Mountain in Jiangjin City, there are more than 1,500 kinds of plants and 207 kinds of animals, including 47 key animals and plants under special protection by the State and 23 rare animals. With its extremely plentiful medical plants, Chongqing is a major producer of traditional Chinese medicinal plants in China. There are over 2,000 kinds of different traditional Chinese medicinal plants, wild or cultivated, growing in large areas in the mountains in Chongqing, including rhizome of Chinese golden thread, rhizome of large-headed atractylodes, honeysuckle, root of hairy asiabell, bulb of fritillary, tuber of elevated gastrodia, bark of official magnolia, yellow tallow, bark of eucommia, rhizoma corydalis, Chinese angelica, etc. Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County is China's major producer of rhizome of Chinese golden thread, and is known as "the land of Chinese golden thread". There are over 560 kinds of cultivated plants in Chongqing, mainly in four categories: rice, corn, wheat and sweat potatoes, with rice as the most important crop. In addition to farm crops such as grain, oil-bearing crops and vegetables, Chongqing also produces industrial crops of fine quality, including rape-seeds, peanuts, tung oil, Chinese tallow trees, tea, mulberry for silkworms breeding, jute, and flue-cured tobacco, known as "the land of citrus fruits", "the land of tung oil", "the land of Chinese tallow trees". Qianjiang, with its favorable climate and geographical conditions, produces high-quality flue-cured tobacco of the Yunnan-guizhou type, and is known as "the land of flue-cured tobacco"; Fuling is famous for its tasty mustard tubes, and is known as "the land of mustard tubes". Major fruits in Chongqing include oranges and tangerines, shaddocks, peaches, and plums, oranges and tangerines being the most famous. Among the over 600 kinds of animal species found in Chongqing, 100 are rare animals that enjoy special protection of the State, including the golden-haired monkey, the South China tiger, the bee monkey, and the black stork. Among the over 40 kinds of domestic animals and fowls, the Rongchang pig is the No.1 of China's three major species of pigs, and this pig is known as a treasure of the country. Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County is the largest producer of long-haired rabbits in China. 2. Minerals Of the major cities in China, Chongqing is the richest in mineral resources. 75 kinds of minerals have been found, and 40 minerals have proved reserves in 353 places, with a potential value of RMB 388.2 billion. Advantageous minerals in the city are coal, natural gas, manganese, mercury, aluminum, strontium, etc. The coal reserve proved by Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd in Chongqing is 3.3 billion tons, making this city a major coal producer in southern China. Proved reserve for natural gas is 320 billion cubic meters, and the production of natural gas at Wolonghe gas field in Dainjiang County ranks No. 1 in China. Both the reserve and the quality of strontium in Chongqing rank No. 1 in China. The proved reserve of manganese in Chongqing is 37 million tons, ranking No. 2 in China. Reserves of vanadium, molybdenum and barium occupy the third place in China. The mercury mines in Xiushan and Youyang counties with a proved reserve of 19,000 tons, are giant mercury mines rarely found elsewhere in China. Chongqing also produces nonmetal minerals such as rock salt, barite, fluorite, limestone, silicon, etc. 3. Water Resource Rivers and water systems crisscross the territory of Chongqing, and they have tremendous energy to be developed. While over 600 kilometers of the mainstream of the Yangtze River runs through the city, the river is joined by five major tributaries and over a hundred streams with the Yangtze as the axis, including the Jialing River, the Qujiang River, the Fujiang River, the Wujiang River, and the Daning River. The annual water resources total some 500 billion cubic meters, making Chongqing No. 1 in China in terms of water space per square kilometer. The city has 14.3828 million kilowatts of water energy in theory, of which 7.5 million kilowatts can be developed. The potential installed gross capacity per square kilometer in Chongqing is three times of the average value of the country. This makes Chongqing one of the top cities in China in terms water energy. Besides, Chongqing is also rich in underground thermal energy and drinkable mineral water. Chongqing, as a famous historic city in China and the cradle of Ba Ethnic culture enjoys a great cultural heritage. It is a component part of the Chinese culture that maintains unique regional features of cultural pattern. Chongqing is particularly rich in human landscape as well as in cultural relics and historic sites. There are now 49 national, provincial and municipal preservation places of treasured historical relics. In 1999, the UNESCO listed The Dazu Stone Sculptures on World Register of Culture Heritage. In its 12 museums and memorial halls displays and exhibitions are held every year. The artistic performance of Chongqing flourishes in a great variety, outstanding with strong folk color among the pageant of arts in China. There are 3,000 organizations including 29 professional troupes. The acrobatics of Chongqing is well-known all over the world. "Kicking Bowls on a Balancing Board"performed by the Chongqing Acrobatics Troupe won a Silver Medal at the 9th Festival of Circus Tomorrow and a Golden Lion Medal on the event of National Acrobatics Competition. The Sichuan opera has also built a system of stylized movement and its acting is both exquisite and vivid with a series of stunts including"face- changing". Since the founding of New China, the Chongqing's artistic troops have realized performance tours and cultural exchange in more than 30 countries and regions such as United States, Japan, Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Germany, Peru, Colombia, Denmark, Australia, Mexico, Netherlands, Argentina, Canada, Burma, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan and Macao, etc. The mass-oriented cultural activities in Chongqing have the goal to popularize the folk art as the lead forming a network around 46 community centers of art and culture, 1,211 cultural stations and 1,944 units of film projection. The popular culture in its modern form is growing rapidly, including performance, entertainment, videos, books and periodicals, fine art, movies, cultural relics, advertisement, and fashion shows. The public libraries are starting to take shape in Chongqing. There are 43 public libraries with a deposit of 8.23 million volumes of books. Built with an investment of 17 million yuan, the Chongqing Municipal Library is one of the archives collection units consigned by the United Nations. Chongqing, as an investment destination of highest potential in West China, has the following five advantages: Location Chongqing is located at the core of the economic belt of the upper Yangtze, connecting China's vast west and eastern coast. It is the key region for implementing China's Go West Policy. Infrastructure Chongqing is the only transportation hub in West China that integrates water, land, and air transportation. Several trunk railways and artery expressways meet in Chongqing. Fleets of three thousand-ton ships can reach Chongqing port along the Yangtze. Chongqing Jiangbei Airport is one of China's major airports. Chongqing is one of the load centers of the State Grid in West China. Chongqing has a highly reliable energy supply thanks to the abundant local output of coal and natural gas. Industrial sectors Chongqing has diverse and competitive industrial sectors as well as a good supplier network. Chongqing was one of China's industrial bases and now is strengthening its five backbone industries: automobile & motorcycle, chemical & pharmaceutical, construction & building material, food, and tourism. Chongqing is also expediting the development of the high-tech industries: IT, bioengineering and environmental protection. R&D and Education Chongqing has a large pool of R&D talents in 1,000 more institutions and 34 universities and colleges. Over 600,000 people are engaged in R&D or technical work. Market potential Chongqing has enormous demands for consumption and investment. This attributes to its large population, the improvement of people's living standards (from just having adequate food and clothing to the well-being), the emigration of residents and relocation of factories and towns from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, large-scale infrastructure projects, protection of ecological environment and the treatment of pollution, and the upgrading of the old industrial bases. At the new momentum of implementing the Go West strategy, Chongqing has its ambition. It plans to accelerate economic and social development, become the window of China to the world, exert its influence to surrounding areas, and back the development of the Southwest China and the upper Yangtze, based on the CENHUB strategic framework (to make Chongqing the centers of business and trade, finance and science, education, information and culture, the hubs of transportation and telecommunication, and a high-tech based modern industrial base). Chongqing should be built into the important growth pole in West China, the economic center at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the municipality directly under the Central Government for harmonized development of rural and urban areas, to be the first in West China to realize the target of building a well-off society in an all-round way. His Excellency President Hu Jintao The strengths of Chongqing are enhanced thanks to Chongqing's becoming a municipality directly under the Central Government, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam Project and the implementation of the Go West Policy. Chongqing ranked top 5 out of China's 12 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the west after macro adjustment, opening to the rest of the world and intensive infrastructure construction. In 2006, the total local GDP reached RMB 348.620 billion, 12.2% higher over 2005; and the total local GDP per capita (permanent population) reached RMB 12,437, up 11.9% over the previous year. The local revenue reached RMB 52.946 billion, up 30.5% over 2005. Of the revenue, general revenue was RMB 31.772 billion, up 23.7% over the previous year, which was 60.0% of the total financial revenue. The real estate investment in the municipality reached RMB 245.184 billion, up 24.9%. The investment in construction and reconstruction was RMB 182.221 billion, 26.1% higher than the previous year. 1. Industrial sectors The profitability of the industrial sectors keeps improving. Chongqing, as an old but comprehensive industrial city, has over 15,000 industrial enterprises. (1) In 2004, the industrial sectors achieved the best performance ever in history: the total profit made by the industrial enterprises of particular scale was as high as RMB 11.338 billion, up 37.8%. The comprehensive earnings indicator in industrial sectors was 141%, up 16% over the previous year. (2) In 2005, the industrial sectors saw added value of RMB 102.335 billion, up 14.0% over the previous year, of which all state-owned industrial enterprises and the non-state-owned industrial enterprises with revenue from main businesses of RMB 5 million or above (industrial enterprises of particular scale) saw added value of RMB 71.636 billion, up 17.1%. The percentage of products sold reached 98.8%, up 0.6% over the previous year. (3) In 2006, all industrial sectors saw added value of RMB 123.412 billion, up 18.0% over the previous year. The industrial enterprises of particular scale saw added value of RMB 84.538 billion, up 20.6%. The comprehensive index of the benefits of the industrial enterprises of particular scale achieved the best performance since the municipality of the city, 153.3%, up 15.8%. The total tax reached RMB 31.666 billion, up 24.3% over the previous year; the profit reached as high as RMB 15.471 billion, up 35.3%; the ratio of total assets to industrial output value was 10.4%, up 0.5%. And the overall labor productivity reached RMB 87,470 per capita annually, up 24.8%. Chongqing is advantageous in heavy and light industries, especially manufacturing, which makes Chongqing one of China's major production bases of motorcycles, automotives, instruments and meters, refined chemicals, large transformers, and traditional Chinese medicine. Chongqing has become the important production base and one of the ten major bases for export of mechanical and electrical products. The municipality boasts the largest aluminum processing works, and 382 large car and motorcycle makers. Its output of motorcycles makes up one third of the total national output, and its export of motorcycles more than half of the national figure. 2. Agriculture Chongqing has vast areas with large rural population and abundant agricultural resources, as the topography is complex and the physiognomy varies. The agricultural resources are of great potential and the municipality is China's prime crop and pork production bases. The arable land available is 2.1 million hectares, and the labor reaches 13.615 million. The rural areas are working hard for well-being life. In 2005, the total output in agriculture, forestry, husbandry and fishing reached RMB 66.219 billion, up 5.2%. Of the output, the crop farming reached 35.830 billion, up 3.9%; and the fish breeding and poultry raising reached RMB 24.949 billion, up 6.9%. In 2006, as the municipality suffered from drought, the total output in agriculture, forestry, husbandry and fishing was RMB 63.724 billion, down 3.2%, of which the crop farming was RMB 34.095 billion, down 5.1%, and the husbandry was RMB 24.031 billion, down 0.4%. 3. Logistics and Retailing Chongqing enjoys convenient transportation, as the Yangtze River and the Jialing River pass through the city, making it the logistics center in West China and the most active commercial center at the upper reaches of the Yantze River. The local consumable market is oriented to the whole country, connects cities along the Yangtze, and is very influential in southwest China. The annual retail sales income keeps growing. In 2004, the total retail sales of consumable reached as high as RMB 106.15 billion, up 27.1% over the same period of the previous year. In 2005, the total retail sales of consumable reached RMB 121.576 billion, up 13.8%, with actual growth of 15.3% disregarding the price factors. In 2006, the total retail sales of consumable reached RMB 140.358 billion, up 15.4%, with actual growth of 13.6% disregarding the price factors. 4. Population By the end of 2006, the permanent population of the municipality reached 28.08 million, jumping 100,000 over the previous year. The population in urban area was 13.1129 million, up 453,400. The rate of urbanization was 46.7%, up 1.5%. The birthrate was 9.9??, while the mortality was 6.5??, up 0.5?? and 0.1?? respectively. The natural growth rate was 3.4??, up 0.4??. And the gender ratio was 102.2 (suppose female is 100, the ratio of male to female). 5. Living standards (1) Urban area In 2006, the annual salary of the urban employees was RMB 19,215 per capita, which increased RMB 2,585, up 15.5%. And the average spendable income of urban resident was RMB 11,570, with actual growth of 10.3% disregarding the price factors. The average salary income was RMB 9,266, up 18.1%. The average family operating income per capita was RMB 525, up 6.7%. The average property income per capita was RMB 193, up 2.5%. The average transfer income per capita was RMB 2,564, up 0.6%. The average consumption expenditure per capita was RMB 9,399, up 9.0%. The Engelian coefficient of the family in the urban area was 36.3%. The average housing area per capita of the urban resident was 26 square meters, which increased 1.7 square meters. (2) Rural area The average net income per capita in the rural area was RMB 2,876, which increased RMB 65 over the previous year, up 2.3%. And the average salary income per capita was RMB 1,310, up 20.3% over the previous year. The average family income per capita was RMB 1,350, down 12.5%. The average transfer income was RMB 187, up 26.1%. The average family expending expenditure per capita was RMB 791, down 5.7%. The average expenditure on consumption for living was RMB 2,205, up 2.9%. And the expenditure on clothing, housing, transportation & communication, household facilities and health-care increase 18.1%, 10.0%, 14.4%, 23.2% and 11.9% respectively. The Engelian coefficient of the family in the rural area was 52.2%. The housing area per capita of the rural resident was 34.3 square meters, which increases 1.4 square meters over the previous year. 6. Social Insurance By the end of 2006, about 3.1678 million people in Chongqing were covered by the basic pension insurance, up 4.6%; 2.5512 million covered by the basic medical insurance, up 7.3%; and 1.9301 million covered by the unemployment insurance, up 2.6%. About 349,900 were covered by rural social pension insurance. About 812,800 people were covered by the minimum income security for urban resident, which increased by 55,400, up 7.3%. And 42,900 were covered by the minimum income security for rural resident, which increased by 30,000. 7. Postal and telecommunications services Chongqing is the largest postal and communication hub at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the West China. The municipality acts as the dispatching and commanding center of postal and telecommunication services in Southwest China. The postal and telecommunication services connect 180 countries and cities. Direct delivery of commercial parcel, express mail, courier service, and international mail exchange are also available. Majority of the people of the municipality are Han while 49 minority groups are also inhabited here, including the Tujia, Miao, Hui, Man, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Mongolians, Tibetans, Bai, Dong, Uygur, Koreans, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Lahu, Shui, Naxi, Qiang and Yilao. The population of the minority groups reaches 1.75 million, 5.6% of Chongqing's total (31.4423 million). The population of the Tujia people is the largest, 1.13 million. The Miao ranks second, 520,000, which mainly covers the five autonomies (counties) of Qianjiang Development Zone and Fuling District. The minority groups have their own traditions. The various traditions and customs of the minority groups have become the important tourist resources in Chongqing. The Tujia people have baishou dance, Tujia people's Spring Festival, the Nuo Opera (a kind of drama featuring masked dancing) and Festival Lantern. The Miao people have such traditions as Ganqiu Festival (to celebrate harvest in autumn), Caishan Festival (asking for blessings from God, various activities held), Yangma Festival (to remember the contribution of sheep and horse), Huoxin Festival (people gather together to establish the regulations), crying marriage and funeral dance. And the suspending building of the Tujia people and the embroidery and wax printing of the Miao people are very special Chongqing's 82,400 square kilometers of territory is divided into 40 administrative districts and counties (autonomous counties). They include 19 districts of Banan, Beibei, Changshou, Dadukou, Fuling, Hechuan, Jiangbei, Jiangjin, Jiulongpo, Nan'an, Nanchuan, Qianjiang, Shapingba, Shuangqiao, Wansheng, Wanzhou, Yongchuan, Yubei, and Yuzhong; 17 counties of Bishan, Chengkou, Dazu, Dianjiang, Fengjie, Fengdu, Kaixian, Liangping, Qijiang, Rongchang, Tongnan, Tongliang, Wulong, Wushan, Wuxi, Yunyang, and Zhongxian; and 4 autonomous counties of Pengshui (Miao and Tujia), Shizhu (Tujia), Youyang (Tujia and Miao), and Xiushan (Tujia and Miao). These districts and counties (autonomies), centered at the city proper of Chongqing, comprise an organic urban cluster and a largest city having the most number of administrative districts and the largest population in China. Chongqing now has a brand new strategy for regional development; the "One-hour Economic Circle" and the Two Wings, Northeast Chongqing and Southeast Chongqing. Chongqing has a series of strategies for economic development since the establishment of the municipality: first, the three zones of Metropolitan Advanced Economic Sphere, Southeast Chongqing, and the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and later the four blocks of the City Proper, West Chongqing, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and Southeast Chongqing. This change of policy aims at making Chongqing the key driving force in West China and the economic center at the upper reaches of the Yangtze. The One-Hour Economic Circle will be centered at the city proper of Chongqing, a super metropolis, and covers 23 of Chongqing's 40 districts and counties, at one hour's driving distance. In 2006, the GDP of the One-Hour Economic Circle reached RMB 271 billion, 78% of Chongqing's total GDP. This is Chongqing's economic and industrial heart Northeast Chongqing covers 11 districts and counties, centered at Wangzhou District, comprising most the Three Gorges Reservoirs Area, Chongqing part. Southeast Chongqing, as the residents are mostly ethic minorities, has six districts and counties, centered at Qianjiang. According to the plan, Chongqing will realize the overall well-being in the One-Hour Economic Circle in 2015,5 years earlier than the plan of the central government, to drive the realization of well-being in West China three years earlier than the central government plan. Chongqing plans to triplicate GDP of the One-Hour Economic Circle in 2020,over that in 2005, and make the GDP per capita exceed USD 8,000. In 2020, the permanent residents will reach 22 million; the rate of urbanization will reach 80%; and major indicators of economic and social development will reach the average level of East China. In the One-Hour Economic Circle, we will focus on industrial development and accelerate the development of industrial bases and industrial clusters, especially for modern manufacturing, service, and agriculture. In addition, we will expedite to make the metropolis of the city proper, more influential to surrounding regions. Chongqing's stress on the development of One-Hour Economic Circle backs the development of the Two Wings. When the One-Hour Economic Circle is developed, the financial supports to the less developed areas, the Two Wings, will be strengthened. The One-Hour Economic Circle will offer employment opportunities for the redundant labors from the Two Wings, which will accelerate the urbanization of farmers. By 2020, the One-Hour Economic Circle is expected to offer as many as 4 million employment opportunities to the Two Wings. 巍峨的高山，低回的河谷，承载着重庆三千年的文明史。在浩荡的历史长河中，重庆以其巨 大的凝聚力和辐射力，成为古代区域性的军事政治中心和重要的商业物资集散地，历千载而 不衰，从容吐纳万物，化育生机。近代一百多年来，重庆又经历了因商而兴、内迁而盛、改 革腾飞的发展道路，从一个古代军事要隘，发展成为开放的、连接我国中西部的战略枢纽; 从古代的区域商贸中心，发展成为长江上游的经济中心;从十九世纪的单一型转口贸易城市， 成长为中国西部最大的多功能的现代工商业城市;从位居四川盆地东部的港口城市，发展成 为立足中国内陆、面向五洲四海的中央直辖市。重庆在我国西部地区的迅速崛起，不论是过 去的辉煌历程还是今天的日新月异，都在中华民族的发展史上留下了深刻的印记，为世人所 关注凝眸。 在世纪之交的重要时刻，历史又一次把重庆推上了新的起跑线。举世瞩目的三峡工程建 设和库区移民开发，为重庆发展注入了新的活力;中央直辖市的设立，开辟了重庆发展的新 天地;西部大开发战略的实施，揭开了重庆加快发展的新篇章。今天的重庆在地理、人文和 社会环境上，正在形成越来越强的磁场，产生着不可抗拒的引力，正日益凸显其气度恢宏、 激情飞扬的魅力～ 一个富有三千年巴渝文化底蕴的历史名城丰姿绰约～ 一个中国最年轻的直辖市正在催生无尽的现代神话～ 一个世界最大的内陆山水城正在不断创造人间奇迹～ 一个长江上游经济中心的新重庆正在开发中走向世界～ 位置:重庆位于北纬28度10分-32度13分，东经105度11分-110度11分之间，地处较为 发达的东部地区和资源丰富的西部地区的结合部，东邻湖北、湖南，南靠贵州，西接四川， 北连陕西，是长江上游最大的经济中心、西南工商业重镇和水陆交通枢纽。1997年3月14 日，第八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了设立重庆直辖市的决议，与北京、天津、上 海同为四大直辖市。 面积:重庆幅员面积8.24万平方公里，南北长450公里，东西宽470公里。2007年全市共 辖19个区:万州区、涪陵区、渝中区、大渡口区、江北区、沙坪坝区、九龙坡区、南岸区、 北碚区、万盛区、双桥区、渝北区、巴南区、黔江区、长寿区、江津区、合川区、永川区、 南川区;21个县(自治县):綦江县、潼南县、铜梁县、大足县、荣昌县、璧山县、开县、 忠县、梁平县、云阳县、奉节县、巫山县、巫溪县、城口县、垫江县、武隆县、丰都县、石 柱县土家族自治县、彭水苗族土家族县、酉阳土家族苗族县、秀山土家族苗族县。 地势:重庆地势由南北向长江河谷逐级降低，西北部和中部以丘陵、低山为主，东南部靠大 巴山和武陵山两座大山脉。 河流:主要河流有长江、嘉陵江、乌江、涪江、綦江、大宁河等。 气候:重庆属中亚热带湿润季风气候区，具有夏热冬暖，光热同季，无霜期长，雨量充沛， 湿润多阴等特点。2007年平均气温19.0?，年总降雨量1439.2毫米。 重庆是中国著名的历史文化名城，具有3000多年的悠久历史和光荣的革命传统，以重庆为中 心的古巴渝地区是巴渝文化的发祥地，这片土地孕育了重庆悠久的历史。距今2,3万年的旧石器时代末期，已有人类生活在重庆地区。公元前11世纪商周时期，巴人以重庆为首府，建立了巴国。后秦灭巴国，分天下为三十六郡，巴郡为其一。极盛时期巴国疆域以原重庆市为行政中心，管辖川东、陕南、鄂西、湘西北和黔北等区域。自秦汉以来的历朝历代，这一区域多数时期为一个统一的行政辖区，其行政中心设在原重庆市。重庆古称江州，以后又称巴郡、楚州、渝州、恭州。南北朝时，巴郡改为楚州。公元581年隋文帝改楚州为渝州，重庆始简称"渝"。公元1189年，宋光宗先封恭王，后即帝位，自诩"双重喜庆"，升恭州为重庆府，重庆由此得名，距今已有800余年。1891年重庆成为中国最早对外开埠的内陆通商口岸。1929年重庆正式建市。1937年至1946年，日本向中国发动侵略战争，国民政府移驻重庆，重庆成为中华民国战时陪都，是当时全国抗日战争和反法西斯的最高指挥部，中国大后方的政治、经济、文化中心，故重庆又有"三都之地"之称。国民政府还都南京后，重庆仍为直辖市。新中国建立初期重庆作为中共中央西南局和西南军政委员会驻地，是西南地区政治、经济、文化中心，为中央直辖市。1954年西南大区撤销后改为四川省辖市。1983年率先成为全国经济体制综合改革试点城市，实行 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 单列，赋予省级经济管理权限。1992年辟为沿江开放城市。1996年9月中央批准重庆代管万县市、涪陵市和黔江地区。1997年3月14日，经八届全国人大五次会议审议批准，重庆正式成为中国第四个、西部地区唯一的直辖市，掀开了重庆建设与发展史上崭新的一页。 重庆市幅员面积8.24万平方公里，下辖40个行政区县(自治县)，有19个区(万州区、涪陵区、渝中区、大渡口区、江北区、沙坪坝区、九龙坡区、南岸区、北碚区、万盛区、双桥区、渝北区、巴南区、黔江区、长寿区、江津区、合川区、永川区、南川区);21个县(自治县)(綦江县、潼南县、铜梁县、大足县、荣昌县、璧山县、梁平县、城口县、丰都县、垫江县、武隆县、忠县、开县、云阳县、奉节县、巫山县、巫溪县、石柱土家族自治县、秀山土家族苗族自治县、酉阳土家族苗族自治县、彭水苗族土家族自治县)，重庆以主城区为依托，各区、县(自治县)形如众星拱月，构成了大、中、小城市有机结合的组团式、网络化的现代城市群，是中国目前行政辖区最大、人口最多、管理行政单元最多的特大型城市。 重庆地下、地表资源丰富，组合条件较好，利用价值高，开发潜力大，是我国自然资源富集地区之一。市域植物资源丰富，6000多种各类植物中，有被称植物"活化石"的桫椤、水杉、秃杉、银杉、珙桐等珍稀树种，森林覆盖率20.49,。仅号称"川东小峨嵋"的缙云山，亚热带树木就达1700多种，至今还保留着1.6亿年以前的"活化石"水杉及伯乐树、飞蛾树等世界罕见的珍稀植物。国家级自然保护和名胜区南川金佛山，植物种类达333科5880种，有银杉、方竹、银杏、大茶树、人参等珍稀植物52种，有黑叶猴、金钱豹等国家级保护动物36种;江津四面山有1500多种植物和207种动物，国家重点保护动植物47种，珍稀动物23种。重庆药用植物资源极其丰富，是全国重要的中药材产地之一，大面积山区生长的野生和人工培植的中药材有2000余种，主要有黄连、白术、金银花、党参、贝母、天麻、厚朴、黄桕、杜仲、元胡、当归等，石柱土家族自治县黄连产量居全国第一，是著名的"黄连之乡"。全市有栽培植物560多种，主要是水稻、玉米、小麦、红薯四大类，尤以水稻居首。除粮、油、蔬菜等农作物外，还有油菜、花生、油桐、乌桕、茶叶、蚕桑、黄红麻、烤烟等名优经济作物，有"柑桔之乡"、"油桐之乡"、"乌桕之乡"的称号。黔江有生产云贵型优质烤烟的气候和地理条件，被誉为"烤烟之乡";涪陵榨菜誉满全国，是著名的"榨菜之乡"。果树作物主要有柑桔、甜橙、柚、桃、李等，尤以柑桔最具盛名。域内各类动物资源600余种，有金丝猴、华南虎、蜂猴、黑鹳等近100种国家重点珍稀保护动物;40余种畜禽类动物中，荣昌猪为全国三大猪种之首，有"华夏国宝"之称;石柱土家族自治县为全国最大的长毛兔生产基地。 重庆是全国大中城市中矿产资源最富集的地区之一。已发现矿产75种，初步探明的矿产40多种，探明矿藏产地353处，储量矿产潜在价值3882亿元。优势矿产有煤、天然气、 锰、汞、铝、锶等。 西南铝业集团煤探明储量33亿吨，是我国南方煤炭生产的重要基地。天然气探明储量3200亿立方米，其中垫江卧龙河气田开采量居全国第一。锶矿是重庆最具特色的优势矿种，储量和质量均居全国之首。锰矿探明储量3700万吨，居全国第二。钒、钼、钡储量居全国第三。分布在秀山、酉阳的汞矿是全国罕见的特大型矿床，已探明储量1.9万吨。此外还有岩盐、重晶石、莹石、石灰石、硅等非金属矿产。 重庆境内江河纵横，水网密布，水能蕴藏量巨大，极具开发潜力。以600余公里长江干流为线，汇集嘉陵江、渠江、涪江、乌江、大宁河等五大支流及上百条小河流。年平均水资源总量在5000亿立方米左右，每平方公里水面积全国第一，水能资源理论蕴藏量为1438.28万千瓦，可开发量750万千瓦，全市每平方公里拥有可开发水电总装机容量是全国平均数的3倍，水能资源开发量在全国城市中名列前茅。此外，还有丰富的地下热能和饮用矿泉水，开发潜力巨大。 重庆是中国西部最具投资潜力的特大城市，具有五大优势: ——区位条件优越。重庆地处长江上游经济带核心地区，中国东西结合部，是中国政府实行西部大开发的重点开发地区。 ——基础设施功能完备。重庆是中国西部唯一集水陆空运输方式为一体的交通枢纽，横贯中国大陆东西和纵穿南北的几条铁路干线、高速公路干线在重庆交汇，3000吨级船队可由长江溯江至重庆港，重庆江北国际机场是国家重点发展的干线机场。重庆是中国西部电网的负荷中心之一，煤炭、天然气产量大，能源供应的保障程度高。 ——工业基础雄厚，门类齐全，综合配套能力强。重庆是中国老工业基地之一，正着力壮大汽车摩托车、化工医药、建筑建材、食品、旅游五大支柱产业，加快发展以信息工程、生物工程、环保工程为代表的高新技术产业。 ——科技教育力量雄厚，人才相对富集。重庆拥有1000多家科研机构，34所高等院校，60多万科技人员。 ——市场潜力巨大。重庆人口众多，人民生活由温饱向小康过渡、三峡工程库区移民和城镇工矿搬迁、大规模的基础设施建设、生态环境保护和污染治理、老工业基地的产业升级都将产生巨大的消费需求和投资需求。 抓住中国实行西部大开发战略的历史性机遇，重庆将按照建设 "三中心、两枢纽、一基地"(即商贸中心、金融中心、科教信息文化中心;交通枢纽、通信枢纽;以高新技术产业为基础的现代产业基地)的战略构想，加快经济社会发展，发挥对外窗口和经济辐射作用，推动西南地区和长江上游地区的发展。 巴渝文化是长江上游最富有鲜明个性的民族文化之一。巴渝文化起源于巴文化，它是指巴族和巴国在历史的发展中所形成的地域性文化。巴人一直生活在大山大川之间，大自然的熏陶、险恶的环境，炼就一种顽强、坚韧和驃悍的性格，因此巴人以勇猛、善战而称。巴人的军队参加周武王讨伐商(殷)纣王战争，总是一边唱着进军的歌谣，一边跳着冲锋的舞蹈，勇往直前，古代典籍之“武王伐纣，前歌后舞”。 古代巴族能歌善舞，其歌舞内容主要是从“战舞”发展演变而成的巴渝舞，后来逐步成为一种专供表演的宫庭舞蹈。巴渝舞是集体舞蹈，它刚劲有力，富有气势，到了汉代，巴渝舞被列为宫廷宴乐，在宫廷庆典时进行演示。以后，巴渝舞不断演变，其分支为僚人的“羽人舞”、江南的“盾牌舞”、土家族的“摆手舞”，以及川东的“踢踏舞”。 春秋战国时代，巴族的民歌也相当有名，它不但流行于巴境，而且在楚国也脍炙人口。《昭明文选》就有关于巴山调广为民间传唱的记载:“客有歌于郡中者，其下始于下里巴人，国中属而和者数千人。”这时说的郡，指的就是楚国的都城，即现在湖北江陵。巴山调在楚国尚有千人和唱的壮观景象，在巴国本地就更不用说了。作为山歌的巴山调，亦称竹枝词，经 民众创作和传唱，文人受其影响而纷纷效仿。唐代大诗人刘禹锡就曾仿民歌作《竹枝词》九首，其中，“杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上踏歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴还有晴”，以天气的晴、雨巧妙隐喻男女恋情而为广大民众所喜爱。自刘禹锡之后，竹枝词开始成为一种富有民歌味的诗体形式，保存在我国历代诗词集中，足见巴山调对我国文学创作的重大影响。 大山大川铸就了重庆男儿热情似火而又坚韧豪迈，女儿柔情似水而又英气勃勃。 长江像一条碧绿的飘带，弯弯曲曲穿行在巴山丛中。自古至今的重庆人，在歌吟爱情生活时，往往离不开对水的咏叹。比如，江边的渔夫追情妹，就借水起兴来传情:“小河涨水大河清，打渔船儿向上拼;打不到鱼儿不收网，缠不上妹儿不收心。”山里小伙想试探情妹对自己是否忠诚，也不忘随时向江水发出深情的叩问:“隔山喊妹山在应，隔河喊妹水应声。为啥山应你不应，流水有声你无声,”这些民谣都真实而深刻地讴歌了长江两岸民众纯朴清新的劳动和爱情生活。 重庆至巫山这段千里川江上，航道弯曲狭窄，明礁暗石林立，急流险滩无数。旧社会江上船只多靠人力推挠或拉纤航行，少则数十人多则上百人的江上集体劳动，只有用号子来统一指挥。因此，在滚滚川江上，产生了许多歌咏船工生活的水上歌谣——川江号子。 旧社会船工们的生活是极其艰辛的，他们就用悲愤而苍凉的声声号子来倾诉自己的不幸: 脚蹬石头手爬沙，八根纤绳肩上拉。 打霜落雪天下雨，一年四季滩头爬。 周身骨头拉散架，爬岩翻坡眼睛花。 拉船的人如牛马，不够吃来难养家。 凶滩恶水船打烂，船工淹死喂鱼虾。 丢下父母妻儿女，受饥挨饿泪如麻„„ 除了倾诉自己的苦难，旧时代那些天性乐观豪爽的船工们，也用号子来歌吟长江两岸的社会风貌和自然山水，随着江船的移动，船工们看见什么，使即兴抒发。有首流传十分广泛的船工号子，对依山傍水而建的重庆城门加以歌吟: 长江上水码头要数重庆，开九门闭八门十七道门。 朝天门大码头迎客接圣，千厮门花包子雪白如银， 临江门卖木材树料齐整，通远门锣鼓响抬埋死人， 南纪门菜蓝子涌出涌进，金紫门对着那府台衙门， 储奇门卖药材供人医病，太平门卖的是海味山珍， 东水门有一口四方古井，对着那真武山鱼跳龙门。 号子话语不多，却把古重庆的城门建筑及风土人情活脱脱地描述出来。 历史终于启开了新的一页，新社会的江上船只大多实现了机械化和半电气化的操作。即使这样，在特殊情况下，某些工种仍离不开人们的艰苦劳作，那悠远喷亮的江上号子，仍时时荡漾在重庆以下的千里江面上。老船工蔡德元就曾唱过这样一首歌颂新生活的号子: 嘿呀，嘿呀，嘿嘿～ 说长江(哟)道长江(哟)， 长江两岸(哪)好风光。 烟囱林立马达响(哟)，瓜果如蜜稻麦香， 江船只只穿梭样(哟)，多装快跑日夜忙(哟)„„ 这位船工的江上号子把新时代船工的弄潮风采传神地表达了出来，1987年7月，法国阿维尼翁艺术节组织“世界大河相会在塞罗纳河”的民间艺术交流活动，会议主办者通过我国文化部特邀蔡德元等人去会上演唱。当他们将万千长江船工用血和汗凝成的呼亮歌声洒向舞台时，来自世界各地的观念和民歌手都惊呆了。他们个个都凝神屏息地用眼睛，用耳朵，用心灵去阅读一个古老而年轻民族的历史，阅读长江曾经发生过的种种悲欢离合。国际友人用“江河音乐”的称谓来赞美蔡德元等人演出的船工号子，说它完完全全“体现了中国对传统 民间艺术的重视”。 重庆的山歌民谣中各种类型的劳动号子丰富多彩，打石头有“石工号子”，抬滑竿的有“报 路号子”。自古以来巴渝人民又喜欢“摆龙门阵”(讲故事)，民间口头文学有着广泛的群众基 础，直至今日喜欢“摆龙门阵”依然是重庆民间文学的一大特色。 独特的巴渝文化，铸就了重庆这块土地上深厚的文化底蕴，文化英才不断涌现，文化佳 作业绩辉煌，文化艺术空前活跃。 Chongqing municipal government formally released the 2010 Chongqing City-Level Key Project List. The annual aims of 2010 key projects include: Implementing 323 key projects, with a total fund investment of RMB 1 trillion, (wherein 176 projects worth RMB 650 billion in all are under the leadership of Chongqing government, and there are 147 market-led projects worth RMB 350 billion in all); trying to provide an annual investment of RMB 200 billion (wherein, an investment of RMB 185 billion is ensured), and guaranteeing a put-into-use fund accounting for 95% of the realized annual investment; and ensuring the completion of 60 projects all though the year and the commencement of 60 new projects. 100 key preliminary projects are promoted, of which 40 projects are ensured to attain break-through progress. 100 key investment-attracting projects will be expedited, of which 40 projects are ensured to make great progress. According to the municipal party committee's and the municipal government's requirements on this year's economic construction, i.e. "To speed-up and promote, to overcome difficulties and make progresses and to make all-around efforts", the 2010 key projects feature "six increases". Firstly, focus on key projects and increase the number of large projects. 32 projects are worth RMB 10 billion in all, for instance, Shanghai-Chengdu expressway, Yubei-Wanzhou intercity railway, Rail Transit Line 1 project, forestation project, main urban zone public housing, MDI, etc. There are 25 projects worth RMB 5-10 billion and 28 projects worth RMB 3-5 billion. This case is unprecedented. Secondly, focus on people's livelihood and increase the "five Chongqings" project (i.e. eco Chongqing, accessible Chongqing, livable Chongqing, safe Chongqing and health Chongqing). A fund estimated to be RMB 250 billion is invested for construction of "five Chongqings", wherein 180 projects in all are treated as key projects during the construction management and will obtain an annual investment estimated to be RMB 120 billion which accounts for 65% of the annual investment for the key projects. There are 60 projects for "livable Chongqing" construction, with an annual investment of RMB 36 billion. The main urban zone public housing with a total area of 5 million m2 is underway. Dangerous and old houses with a total area of 1.56 million m2 in the main urban zone are dismantled. The all-around environment reconstruction along the arterial traffics is underway. As for the "accessible Chongqing" construction, there are 100 projects related to the construction of access roads leading to other provinces and the roads within the city, with a total annual investment of RMB 70 billion. When it comes to the "eco Chongqing" construction, a total area of 5 million m2 has been forested, with a total annual investment of RMB 12 billion. There are 17 projects contributing to "safe Chongqing" and "health Chongqing", a total annual investment of RMB 2 billion. Thirdly, focus on the opening both to China and to other countries, and increase the number of key investment-attracting projects. The number of the key investment-attracting projects amounts to 100, with a total investment of RMB 410 billion. Where: there are 13 projects whose investment is more than RMB 10 billion, which is 5 more than the number in 2009. The laptop project involving Hp, Foxconn, Quanta, Inventec, Cisco, etc. spotlights the key projects. The foreign investment is made use of. Hongkong investment used to play a major role, but now, the investment comes from Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan, Europe, U.S., Japan, South Korea, etc. The investment from both home and abroad is used for the industrial, real estate, financial and other applications, instead of mainly for the industrial application. Fourthly, focus on the balanced urban and rural development and increase the number of urban and rural projects. The urban infrastructure construction is the key in Chongqing's second ring age, including the Rail Line 1, 2, 3 and 6, aviation hubs, the north section of airport-dedicated expressway, Hongyan Village Bridge, etc. There is an increase in the number of projects outside the main urban zone in comparison with the previous years, accounting for more than 50% of the total project number. Such projects as the park area infrastructure construction in Wanzhou, Fuling, Qianjiang, Changshou and other places, the agriculture industrialization in Tongnan, Hechuan, Jiangjin, Wulong and other places and the water infrastructure construction in Yunyang, Zhongxian, Shizhu, etc. are involved in the key project list. Fifthly, focus on the change of the development mode and increase the structural adjustment projects. As for the industrial restructuring, the innovative and high technology projects and the low-carbon emission projects are given priority. The industrial projects are selected on a basis of the "6+1" mainstay industry system. The upgrading of the industrial structure is promoted. The annual investment in the industrial projects accounts for approximately 30% of the total investment to the key projects, up by 5% in comparison with last year. As for the adjustment of the service industry structure, the development of the financial industry is highlighted. The Jiangbeizui Financial City (phase 1), Chongqing World Financial Centre, International Development Financial Town, etc. are in the key project list. Great importance is attached to the opening-up level. The Cuntan Work Zone Phase 2 and 3, Xiyong Comprehensive Bonded Zone and other infrastructure projects are in the key project list. Sixthly, focus on the sustainable development and increase the number of key preliminary projects promoted. Key preliminary projects related to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and "New Liangjiang" construction are given great impetus. A series of key projects is proceeded in 2010, such as Ankang-Zhangjiajie railway, Qianjiang-Zhangjiajie railway, the river-side expressway from the main urban zone to Wanzhou, Xiaonanhai hydropower station, Wansheng's coalification of 1 million tones of dimethyl ether, etc. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" key project base is formed by planning the Chongqing projects according to such strategic programs as "West Delta", Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, comprehensive supplementary reforms in urban and rural areas, etc. The reserve fund invested to the key projects amounts to RMB 2 trillion. To further promote the key projects, the 2010 city-level key projects will be managed according to the levels. 100 especially important projects are further selected from the Chongqing key project list, wherein, 10 most important projects are under the leadership of the Chongqing municipal government, and the other 90 projects are taken charge of by relevant municipal departments, thus forming a "10+90" key project responsibility system. The "10+90" system is also adopted in the key preliminary projects. As for the projects led by the municipal government, the municipal government conducts separate leading according to different tasks, with main chiefs from relevant departments in charge of the execution. As for the projects led by relevant municipal authorities, the leaders from the leading departments are the first persons in charge. As for the key projects promoted by district and county governments, relevant departments must provide guidance for the promotion in the district and county work, and the districts and counties monthly submit the documents on the implemneting progress of the key and preliminary projects. In this way, a key project implementing system is formed, i.e. "monthly report of project implementing progress, quarterly study and resolution of project problems and yearly goal assessment of department work". Chongqing (simplified Chinese: 重庆; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is a major city in southwestern China and one of the five national central cities. Administratively, it is one of the People's Republic of China's four direct-controlled municipalities (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin), and the only such municipality in western China. The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the sub-provincial city administration that was part of Sichuan Province. In 2007, the municipality of Chongqing had a population of 31.4 million.[1] It has jurisdiction over 19 districts, 17 counties, and four autonomous counties. The municipal abbreviation, Yú (渝), was approved by the State Council on 18 April 1997. Chongqing was also a municipality of the Republic of China administration, serving as its wartime capital during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Its abbreviated name is derived from the old name of a part of the Jialing River that runs through Chongqing and feeds the Yangtze River. Chongqing has a number of tourist attractions. As the provisional Capital of China for almost ten years (1937 to 1945), it was also known as one of the three headquarters of the Allies. Chongqing has many historical World War II buildings or sites(unfortunately some of them were destroyed): The People's Liberation Monument, located in the center of Chongqing city, attracts many visitors. It was the highest building in the area but currently is surrounded and dwarfed by numerous shopping centres. Actually this monument tower was originally named as "Monument for the victory over Axis armies" and it is the only building in whole China area for that purpose. Even today, the monument serves as the symbol for the city. Chongqing Museum Stilwell Museum for General "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell. Great Hall of the People (Chongqing) -based on the one in Beijing Renmin Hotel Luohan Si -Ming-era temple The cemetery for World War II air forces (空军坟)in Nanshan area (南山)in memory of those air force heroes who sacrificed their lives to help China during the Japanese invasion; The former sites for embassies of major countries during 1940s since Chungking was Capital at that time and many residence buildings/sites for the celebrities at that time (Chiang Kai-shek, H.H. Kong, 老舍Lao She, 梁实秋Liang Shiqiu et al.); Red Rock Village Museum is a diplomatic site for the Communist Party in Chongqing led by Zhou Enlai during World War II. It's where Mao Zedong signed the "Double 10 (October 10th) peace agreement" with the Kuomintang. Besides those historical places, Chongqing also has many other attractions: The Dazu Rock Carvings (Chinese: 大足石刻; pinyin: Dàzú Shíkè), in Dazu county, are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist beliefs. Listed as a UNESCO World cultural Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs. The natural bridges (天生三桥)and Furong Cave in Wulong were listed as a World natural Heritage site (part of South China Karst). Ciqikou is an ancient 1000-year-old town in the Shapingba District of Chongqing. It is otherwise known as Small Chongqing. The town, located at the lower reaches of the Jialing River, was at one time an important source of chinawares and used to be a busy commercial dock during the Ming and Qing Dynasty. The steep road up to the front gate of Fishing TownFishing Town or Fishing City (Simplified Chinese: 钓鱼城; Traditional Chinese: 釣魚城; Pinyin: diàoyúchéng), also called the “Oriental Mecca” and “the Place That Broke God's Whip”, is one of the three great ancient battlefields of China. It is famous for its resistance to the Mongol armies in the latter half of the Song Dynasty. One of the most notable events was the death of Mongol leader Mongke Khan by cannon shot, which forced the immediate withdrawal of Mongol troops from Europe and Asia and prevented the Mongolian Empire from expanding towards Africa and Western Europe. Hot pot is Chongqing's local culinary specialty. Tables in hotpot restaurants usually have a central vat (or pot) where food ordered by the customers is boiled in a very spicy broth. As well as beef, pork, lotus and other vegetables, items such as pig's kidney, brain, duck's bowels, and cow's stomach are often consumed. The city is home to one of the largest public assembly buildings in China, the Great Hall of the People which, though built in modern times, emulates traditional architectural styles. It is adjacent to the densely populated and hilly central district, with narrow streets and pedestrian only walkways. A modern and well stocked zoo exhibits many national and regional animals, including the Giant Panda and the extremely rare South China Tiger. With natural scenes mingled into humane landscape Chongqing's tourist resources are comprehensive and widespread. The long and particular history, brilliant culture, mighty mountain and rivers have brought about numerous well known scenic spots, historic relics and magnificent landscape to Chongqing. There are in Chongqing 20 large tourist resorts with more than 1,300 scenic spots. Over 300 tourist resorts have been initially developed, including 4 key state level scenic resorts, 6 key historic relics under state protection, 110 historic relics under city preservation and more than 12,000 other historic relics. Chongqing proper is surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers, so landscape is very beautiful. It is known as a "Mountain city" and also a "River city" because its buildings are constructed on hills by the rivers. Night scene of the mountain city is a wonderful sight. The South Hot Spring Park, North Hot Spring Park, Jingyunshan summer resort and Nanshan Park are situated in the near suburbs and Jiangjin Simianshan forest, Wansheng Yunan Stone Forest, Wulong Furongdong Cave, Xiannushan Grasslands, Nanchuan Jingfushan Forest Park are situated in distant suburbs. Along the Yates River there are a large number of scenic spots of mountains, rivers, forests, springs, cataracts, gorges and caves such as the mighty Three Gorges, Daninghe and Xiaoninghe River valleys, Yunyang Longgang, Fenjie Heaven Pit and Earth Crevice, Wuxi Hongcheba Grasslands and Wushan Zhiyanhe River Three-colour Cataract. Construction of the Three Gorges dam will form a 600km long and more than 1,000 sq. km big lake on high gorges, an excellent tourist resort will thus be set up. Historical sites can be sought after in Chongqing Museum, Hongyan Memorial Hall of Revolution, Geleshan Revolutionary Martyrs Tomb, Jiang Keshek's Residence, Zhang Zizhong's Apartment, Lingyuan, Kongyuan and some other Wartime Capital remains, Dazu Rock Carvngs is the gem of stone sculptures of the later period. Hechuan Diaoyucheng city that is called "the place where Whip of God was broken" is one of China's three ancient battlefields. Fengdu's Ghost City and Ghost King Stone Carvings, Fuling's Baiheliang (the forest of steles under water), Shizhu's Xituoyunti, Zhongxian's Shibaozhan, Yunyang's Zhang Fei Temple, Liangping's Shuangguitang Temple, Fengjie's Baidicheng City, Wushan's Lu You Cave and Ba people's hanging coffins and the natural scenes of the Three Gorges add radiance and beauty to each other. Tourism has developed into a mainstay industries of Chongqing. Yangtze River is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.Over 2,700 miles long,the mighty Yangtze is the longest in the world.This extensive waterway cuts through the heart of China,marking the division of China into north and south,both geographically and culturally.The river rises in Qinghai Province in the far western part of China and flows through eight provinces before disgorging its water into the Yellow Sea. Undoubtedly,the Three Gorges situated in Hubei province and Chongqing city is the most significant wonder along the Yangtze River as it offers endless beauty of nature with its breathtaking landscapes,glinpses of farmland-terraces nurtured by those local inhabitants,wild goats,birdsand the like,tangerine fields,etc.An imaginative feeling on how traditional life is in existence yet discreetly unassuming. The progress of the Three Gorges Project has captured the attention of the world.With its massive scale,by far the biggest hydroelectric dam in existence worldwide,the water level has risen from 80 to 135 meters last June of 2003,completion date of its 2nd phase. The journey into the Yangtze Three Gorges can be proposed two itineraries.One is going downstream from Chongqing, which enables a quick view of the scenery.The other is going upstream from Shanghai ,Nanjing,or Wuhan,which enables leisurely but thorough sightseeing along Yangtze River and Three Gorges.However,the perfect journey starts from Yichang,the gate of the three gorges. The Yangtze Three Gorges starts from Nanjin Guan Pass of Yichang in the east,and ends to Baidicheng castle of Fengjie,chongqing city in the west.Its whole length about 193 kilometers consists of the Xiling Gorge,the Wu gorge,and the Qutang gorge.It's the best scenic part of the Yangtze River,as well as the best in China's landscape.Of all ages,its shinning beauties keep attracting the eye sights from every corner of the world. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam inadvertently,made the existing wonder more worth seeing as it turned water into green-clearly color,wider passage,mountains and gorges remained tall and proud .Tourism experts pronounced that the new Three Gorges look even better and without a doubt most fascinating than ever.