2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题（三）

2014年12月大学英语六级考试 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 (三)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhatqualitiesanemployershouldlookforinjobapplicants.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviewsandwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。说明：2014年12月大学英语六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力材料与第一套完全一样，只是选项的顺序不同而已，故本套不再重复给出。SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Ifyou'relikemostpeople,you'veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlooksquarelyattheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,26inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.Occasionallyyoucomebacktoearth:Theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou27copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa28remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou'veheardtheremarkandfounditmildlyhumorous.Youhaveavaguesenseof29thatyouaren'tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatanymaterialyoumisscan30fromafriend'snotes.Besides,theinstructor'stalkingaboutroad31inancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou'vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakers32facialcuesandcantellifyou'remerely-1-pretendingtolisten.Yourblankexpressionandthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthat33yourinattentiveness.Evenifyou'renotexposed,there'sanotherreasontoavoidfakery:It'seasyforthis34tobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthattheyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomething35oruninteresting.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwas10yearsago,onawarmJulynight,thatanewbornlambtookherfirstbreathinasmallshedinScotland.Fromtheoutside,shelookednodifferentfromthousandsofothersheepbornon36farms.ButDolly,astheworldsooncametorealize,wasno37lamb.Shewasclonedfromasinglecellofanadultfemalesheep,38long-heldscientificdogmathathaddeclaredsuchathingbiologicallyimpossible.Adecadelater,scientistsarestartingtocometogripswithjusthowdifferentDollywas.Dozensofanimalshavebeenclonedsincethatfirstlamb_mice,cats,cowsand,mostrecently,adog--andit'sbecoming39clearthattheyareall,inonewayoranother,defective.It's40tothinkofclonesasperfectcarboncopiesoftheoriginal.Itturnsout,though,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic41.Thatmaycomeasashocktopeoplewhohavepaidthousandsofdollarstocloneapetcatonlytodiscoverthatthebabycatlooksandbehaves42liketheirbelovedpet--withadifferent-colorcoatoffur,perhaps,ora43differentattitudetowarditshumanhosts.Andthesearejusttheobviousdifferences.Notonlyareclones44fromtheoriginaltemplate( 模板 个人简介word模板免费下载关于员工迟到处罚通告模板康奈尔office模板下载康奈尔 笔记本 模板 下载软件方案模板免费下载 )bytime,buttheyarealsotheproductofanunnaturalmolecularmechanismthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodatmaking45copies.Infact,theprocesscanembedsmallflawsinthegenesofclonesthatscientistsareonlynowdiscovering注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A．abstractF.identicalK．overturningB．completely.G.increasinglyL．separatedC．desertedH．miniatureM．surroundingD.duplicationI．NothingN．systematically.E.everythingJ.ordinaryO．temptingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ShouldSingle-SexEducationBeEliminated?A）Whyisaneuroscientistheredebatingsingle-sexschooling?Honestly,IhadnofixedideasonthetopicwhenIstartedresearchingitformybook,PinkBrain,BlueBrain.Butanydiscussionofgenderdifferencesinchildreninevitablyleadstothisdebate,soIfeltcompelledtodiveintotheresearchdataonsingle-sexschooling.IreadeverystudyIcould,weighedtheexistingevidence,andultimatelyconcludedthatsingle-sexeducationisnottheanswertogendergapsinachievement--orthebestwayforwardfortoday'syoungpeople.Aftermybookwaspublished,Imetseveraldevelopmentalandcognitivepsychologistswhoseworkwasaddressinggenderandeducationfromdifferentangles,andwepublishedapeer-reviewedEducationForumpieceinSciencemagazinewiththeprovocativetitle,"ThePseudoscienceofSingle-SexEducation."B）Weshowedthatthreelinesofresearchusedtojustifysingle-sexschooling--educational,neuroscience,andsocialpsychology--allfailtosupportitsallegedbenefits,andsothewidely-heldviewthatgenderseparationissomehowbetterforboys,girls,orbothisnothingmorethanamyth.-2-TheResearchonAcademicOutcomes.C）First,wereviewedtheextensiveeducationalresearchthathascomparedacademicoutcomesinstudentsattendingsingle-sexversuscoeducationalschools.Theoverwhelmingconclusionwhenyouputthisenormousliteraturetogetheristhatthereisnoclearacademicadvantageofsittinginall-femaleorall-maleclasses,inspiteofmuchpopularbelieftothecontrary.Ibasethisconclusionnotonanyindividualstudy,butonlarge-scaleandsystematicreviewsofthousandsofstudiesconductedineverymajorEnglish-speakingcountry.D）Ofcourse,there’remanyexcellentsingle-sexschoolsoutthere,butasthesecarefulresearchreviewshavedemonstrated,it'snottheirsingle-sexcompositionthatmakesthemexcellent.It'salltheotheradvantagesthataretypicallypackedintosuchschools,suchasfinancialresources,qualityofthefaculty,andpro-academicculture,alongwiththefamilybackgroundandpre-selectedabilityofthestudentsthemselvesthatdeterminetheiroutcomes.E）AcaseinpointisthestudybyLindaSaxatUCLA,whouseddatafromalargenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmentoevaluatetheeffectofsingle-sexversuscoeducationalhighschools.CommissionedbytheNationalCoalitionofGirls'Schools,therawfindingslookprettygoodforthefunders--higherSATscoresandastrongeracademicorientationamongwomenwhohadattendedallgirls'highschools(menweren'tstudied).However,oncetheresearcherscontrolledforbothstudentandschoolattributes--measuressuchasfamilyincome,parents'education,andschoolresources--mostoftheseeffectswereerasedordiminished.F）Whenitcomestoboysinparticular,thedatashowthatsingle-sexeducationisdistinctlyunhelpfulforthem.Amongtheminorityofstudiesthathavereportedadvantagesofsingle-sexschooling,virtuallyallofthemwerestudiesofgirls.There'renorigorousstudiesintheUnitedStatesthatfindsingle-sexschoolingisbetterforboys,andinfact,aseparatelineofresearchbyeconomistshasshownbothboysandgirlsexhibitgreatercognitivegrowthovertheschoolyearbasedonthe"dose"ofgirlsinaclassroom.Infact,boysbenefitevenmorethangirlsfromhavinglargernumbersoffemaleclassmates.Sosingle-sexschoolingisreallynottheanswertothecurrent"boycrisis"ineducation.BrainandCognitiveDevelopmentG）Thesecondlineofresearchoftenusedtojustifysingle-sexeducationfallssquarelywithinmyareaofexpertise:brainandcognitivedevelopment.It'sbeenmorethanadecadenowsincethe"brainsexmovement"beganinfiltrating(渗入)ourschools,andthereareliterallyhundredsofschoolscaughtupinthefad(新潮).PublicschoolsinWisconsin,Indiana,Floridaandmanyotherstatesnowproudlydeclareontheirwebsitesthattheyseparateboysandgirlsbecause"researchsolidlyindicatesthatboysandgirlslearndifferently,"dueto"hard-wired"differencesintheirbrains,eyes,ears,autonomicnervoussystems,andmore.H）Allofthesestatementscanbetracedtojustafewwould-beneuroscientists,especiallyphysicianLeonardSaxandtherapistMichaelGurian.Eachgiveslectures,runsconferences,anddoesalotofprofessionaldevelopmentonso-called"gender-specificlearning."[analyzedtheirvariousclaimsaboutsexdifferencesinhearing,vision,language,math,stressresponses,and"learningstyles"inmybookandalongpeer-reviewedpaper.Otherneuroscientistsandpsychologistshavesimilarlyexposedtheirwork.Inshort,themechanismsbywhichourbrainslearnlanguage,math,physics,andeveryothersubjectdon'tdifferbetweenboysandgirls.Ofcourse,learningdoesvaryalotbetweenindividualstudents,butresearchreliablyshowsthatthisvarianceisfargreaterwithinpopulationsofboysorgirlsthanbetweenthetwosexes.I）TheequalprotectionclauseoftheUSConstitutionprohibitsseparationofstudentsbysexinpubliceducationthat'sbasedonpreciselythiskindof"overbroadgeneralizationsaboutthedifferenttalents,capacities,orpreferencesofmalesandfemales."Andthereasonitisprohibitedisbecauseitleadsfartooeasilytostereotypingandsexdiscrimination.SocialDevelopmentalPsychologyJ）Thatbringsmetothethirdareaofresearchwhichfailstosupportsingle-sexschoolingandindeedsuggeststhepracticeisactuallyharmful:socialdevelopmentalpsychology.K）It'sawell-provenfindinginsocialpsychologythatsegregationpromotesstereotypingandprejudice,whereasintergroupcontactreducesthem--andtheresultsarethesamewhetheryoudividegroupsbyrace,age,gender,bodymassindex,sexualorientation,oranyothercategory.What'smore,childrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothiskindofbias,becausetheyaredependentonadultsforlearningwhichsocialcategoriesareimportantandwhywedividepeople-3-intodifferentgroups.L）Youdon'thavetolookfartofindevidenceofstereotypingandsexdiscriminationinsingle-sexschools.Therewasthefailedsingle-sexexperimentinCalifornia,wheresixschooldistrictsusedgenerousstategrantstosetupseparateboys'andgirls'academicsinthelate1990s.Onceboysandgirlsweresegregated,teachersresortedtotraditionalgenderstereotypestoruntheirclasses,andwithinjustthreeyears,fiveofthesixdistrictshadgonebacktocoeducation.M）Atthesametime,researchersareincreasinglydiscoveringbenefitsofgenderinteractioninyouth.AlargeBritishstudyfoundthatchildrenwithother-sexoldersiblings(兄弟姐妹)exhibitlessstereotypicalplaythanchildrenwithsame-sexoldersiblings,suchasgirlswholikesportsandbuildingtoysandboyswholikeartanddramaticplay.Anotherstudyofhighschoolsocialnetworksfoundlessbullyingandaggressionthehigherthedensityofmixed-sexfriendshipswithinagivenadolescentnetwork.ThenthereisthefindingwecitedinourSciencepaperofhigherdivorceanddepressionratesamongalargegroupofBritishmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsasteenagers,whichmightbeexplainedbythelackofopportunitytolearnaboutrelationshipsduringtheirformativeyears.N）Whetherinnurseryschool,highschool,orthebusinessworld,gendersegregationnarrowsourperceptionsofeachother,facilitatingstereotypingandsexistattitudes.It'sverysimple:themorewestructurechildrenandadolescents'environmentaroundgenderdistinctionsandseparation,themoretheywillusethesecategoriesastheprimarybasisforunderstandingthemselvesandothers.O）Genderisanimportantissueineducation.Therearegapsinreading,writing,andscienceachievementthatshouldbenarrower.Therearegapsincareerchoicethatshouldbenarrower--ifwereallywanttomaximizehumanpotentialandAmericaneconomicgrowth.Butstereotypingboysandgirlstheminthenameoffictitious(虚拟的)braindifferencesisnevergoingtoclosethesegaps.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Hundredsofschoolsseparateboysfromgirlsinclassontheallegedbrainandcognitivedifferences.47.Areviewofextensiveeducationalresearchshowsnoobviousacademicadvantageofsingle-sexschooling.48.Theauthordidnothaveanyfixedideasonsingle-sexeducationwhenshebeganherresearchonthesubject.49.Researchfoundmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsintheirteensweremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.50.Studiesinsocialpsychologyhaveshownsegregationinschooleducationhasanegativeimpactonchildren.51.Reviewsofresearchindicatetherearemoredifferencesinbrainandcognitivedevelopmentwithinthesamesexthanbetweendifferentsexes.52.Thefindingsofthenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmenabouttheimpactofsingle-sexschoolingfailtotakeintoaccountstudentandschoolattributes.53.Itwasn'tlongbeforemostoftheschooldistrictsthatexperimentedwithsingle-sexeducationabandonedthepractice.54.Boysfromcoeducationalclassesdemonstrategreatercognitiveabilitiesaccordingtotheeconomists'research.55.Ascarefulresearchreviewsshow,academicexcellenceinsomesingle-sexschoolsisattributedtootherfactorsthansingle-sexeducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD．.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主动出击的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.-4-CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegoodnessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealisationthattheenvironmentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover~200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated~105millionby2011/12.Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepack.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestments.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenvironmentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous,The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"--inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?A．Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.B．Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.C．Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.D．Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.57.WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?A．Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.B．Astrongsenseofresponsibility.C．Thedesiretogenerateprofits.D．Pressurefromenvironmentalists.58.Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?A．Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.B．Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.C．Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.D．Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.59.Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?A．Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.B．Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.C．Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.D．Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.60.Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?A．Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.B．Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.C．Theyhaveabandonedalltheoutdatedequipmentandtechnology.D．Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.-5-Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions--thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremarkablethings--likeforetellthefuture.Overthenextyears,I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:Inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmind,believingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluencetheiroddsofwinningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent(在任者的)campaignspendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmorespendingandabiggervictory.Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:someareverbalandsomearevisual;somearelinear,someareholistic(整体的).Teachersimaginetheywillimproveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthiseither.Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,I'vealwaysassumedpeoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"I,""me,"and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewhodon't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook,TheSecretLifeofPronouns,whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words,notmore.Ourbrainsoftendon'tnoticesubtleverbalpatterns,butPennebaker'scomputerscan.Youngerwritersusemorenegativeandpast-tensewordsthanolderwriterswhousemorepositiveandfuturetensewords.Insum,thedatarevolutionisgivinguswonderfulwaystounderstandthepresentandthepast.Willittransformourabilitytopredictandmakedecisionsaboutthefuture?We'llsee.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatdodata-istsassumetheycando?A．Transformpeople'sculturalidentity.B．Changethewayfutureeventsunfold.C．Getafirmgriponthemostimportantissues.D．Eliminateemotionalandideologicalbias.62.Whatdopeoplerunningforpoliticalofficethinktheycando?A．Usedataanalysistopredicttheelectionresult.B．Wintheelectioniftheycanraiseenoughfunds.C．Manipulatepublicopinionwithfavorabledata.D．Increasethechancesofwinningbyfoulmeans.63.Whydomanyteachersfavortheideaoftailoringtheirpresentationstodifferentstudents?A．Theythinkstudentspreferflexibleteachingmethods.B．Theywillbeabletotrydifferentapproaches.C．Theybelievestudents'learningstylesvary.D．Theycanaccommodatestudentswithspecialneeds.64.WhatdoesJamesPennebakerrevealinTheSecretLifeofPronouns?A．Theimportanceofusingpronounsproperly.B．Repeateduseoffirst-personpronounsbyself-centeredpeople.C．Frequentuseofpronounsandfuturetensebyyoungpeople.D．Apatterninconfidentpeople'suseofpronouns.65.Whyistheauthorskepticalofthedatarevolution?-6-A．Datamaynotbeeasilyaccessible.B．Errorsmayoccurwithlargedatasamples.C．Datacannotalwaysdowhatweimagineitcan.D．Somedatamayturnouttobeoutdated.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron,AnswerSheet2.中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数；除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育