高中定语从句

WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses一、概念:　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语,相当于adj.,翻译成“…的”)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语（聪明的男孩）句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句（拥有魔法的男孩）HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why二、用法:Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.先行词是人关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是物Thesearethestudentswho/thatwonthefirstplacelastyear.Haveatry指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语引导定语从句的关系代词主语宾语定语指人whothatwhomthatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhosewho,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who作定语从句的主语或宾语,先行词必须是人.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语②whom作定语从句的宾语，先行词也必须是人Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.先行词可以是人，也可以是物Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.④whose作定语从句的定语.先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语※.that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.★.who和whom先行词在定语从句中做主语时，只能用who2.先行词在定语从句中做宾语时，可用who，也可用whom3.关系代词前面有介词时只能用whom（=介词+whom）2.which用法which作定语从句的主语或宾语.先行词是物。Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich2.引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.ontheday=when=onwhichinthehouse=where=inwhichforthereasons=why=forwhich关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.有that2.作宾语时可以省略1.无that2.不可以省略类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.¤.注意：非限制性定语从句中，先行词是reason,且先行词在定语从句中做状语时，用forwhich引导，不用why。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.在非限制性定语从句中，有时候根据句子的意思，常把some,any,all,both,many,most,either,neither等词或分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomaregirls.他有五个孩子，两个是女孩。比较：Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemaregirls.Therearemanyapples,noneofwhichisgood.有很多苹果，没有一个是好的。比较：Therearemanyapples,butnoneofthemisgood.●.几种特殊先行词的定语从句先行词为reason1).如果reason在定语从句中做状语，用why引导从句，也可用forwhicheg:Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisalwayslateforschool?2).reason在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句eg:Thisisthereason(that/which)yougavetomeyesterday.eg:Thisisthereasonthat/whichwasgiventomebyyouyesterday.2.先行词是way1).way在定语从句中做方式状语，用inwhich/that引导定语从句或省略eg:Idon’tliketheway（inwhich/that）youspeaktome.2).way在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句eg:Thisistheway(that/which)hewillusetosolvetheproblem.eg:Thisisthewaythat/whichisusefultosolvetheproblem.3.先行词是point,case,situation,stage,position等1).以上词语在定语从句中做抽象的地点状语，用inwhich/where引导定语从句或省略eg:Wewilldiscussanumberofcaseswhere/inwhichbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.eg:Heisinadangeroussituationwhere/inwhichheislikelytolosethecontroloverhiscar.eg:We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwhere/inwhichbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.2).以上词语在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句eg:Idon’tliketheposition(that/inwhich)shegivestome.eg:Theydon’twanttogetintothesituationthat/whichishardtocontrol.如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。1.that与which1.Nothing______canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?thatthat1.that与which1.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.thatthat1.that与whichI’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.that1.that与which1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing______sufferspain,death,harm,etc.thatthat先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.1.that与whichWho_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?that1.that与which1.Whoistheperson_______youarelookingfor?2.Whichisthegirl_______youarejusttalkingabout?thatthat1.that与which1.Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom只能用which做关系代词的情况在非限制性定语从句中在介词后面先行词是that２如何判断介词1）、看定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配Thisisthebook_____whichyouaskedfor注意：固定搭配不能拆开即介词不能提前TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto,carefor(照顾，喜欢）hearof/about/from,takecareof等.MorePractice1.Doyouknowthegirl_____________________ourheadteacheristalking?2.Ican’tfindmydictionary___________Ipaidover$100.3.Thisisthegoodcar__________Ispentallmymoney.4.Sheistheteacher_________allhisstudentsshowrespect.5.Theteacher_____________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.talkingto/with/aboutthegirlto/with/aboutwhompay…forthedictionaryforwhichspendmoneyonthecaronwhichshowrespecttotheteachertowhomwaitingfortheteacherforwhom２如何判断介词2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with２如何判断介词3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.inthefrontof1.Thisistheknife______________Iusuallycutmypencil.2.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun____________wegetheatandlight.withwhichfromwhich２如何判断介词4）、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen_____whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.withoutwithThisistheman_____whommysonwassaved.by3Whose的使用whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseWhose的使用Thereare20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.ThebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which（介词后一定不能用who或that).4as的使用Theearthisround,______weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.as/whichAsItas的使用ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.这本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。thesame…as+从句:表示相似的东西thesame…that+从句：表示同一人或物as的使用Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)as的使用1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.2___everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.whichAs5when,where,why与that,　which的区分１）I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.２）I’llneverforgetthetime___________Ispentwithyou.３）I’llneverforgetthetime__________wasspentwithyou.４）Thisisthemuseum_____________Ivisitedlastyear.whenwhich\thatwhich\thatwhich\that5when,where,why与that,　which的区分Thisisthereason________　　　　　(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.why／thatwhich/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。6定语从句中的动词的数Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraisehashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语14.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导16.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导18.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时只能用that引导21.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时只能用that引导23.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导24.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which主句已有who或which时,只能用that引导