中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 6

AGLIMPSEOFCHINESECULTURE中国文化概况Chapter6Sports学习目标了解中国传统健身活动;掌握奥运会的概况;熟悉中国优秀体育项目。Overview1Lead-inActivity2SportsinChina3Discussion&PresentationLead-inActivityWatchthevideoclipandreporttotheclasswhatNingsaidafterhetookhistorictriumph.Watch&ThinkOverview1Lead-inActivity2SportsinChina3Discussion&PresentationSportsinChina1TraditionalPhysicalCulture2TraditionalPhysicalActivities4Olympics&China5OutstandingSportsandathletes3NationalPhysicalFitnessanimportantpartofpopularculturebegantotakerealshapeinChinaduringtheQin,HanandThreeKingdomsperiods.SportingimageshavebeenrecordedovertheDynastiesinsepulchralmuralpaintings(壁画),stonepaintings,brickpaintings,poems,etc.TraditionalPhysicalCultureSportsinAncientTimesequestrianpolo击鞠popularinthepalace,thearmyandamongthemenoflitters(文人墨客)duringtheTangdynasty.TraditionalPhysicalCulturesopopularintheSongDynastythateveryonefromtheemperortoordinarypeopleparticipatedinit.cuju蹴鞠Chuiwan捶丸IntheYuanDynasty,peoplelikeplayingagamecalledChuiwan,whichissimilartogolfasshowninthemuralHittingBalls.TraditionalPhysicalCultureBesidesballgames,wrestling,dancing,chessplaying,horseracingandotherformsofsportswerepartoftheancientpeople’sdailypastimes.EthnicMinoritySportsBecauseoftheiruniquelifestyles,ethnicminoritiesplaysportswiththeirowncharacteristics.Therearearound1,000kindsofethnicsports,includingsomewell-knownonessuchasMongolianwrestling,horsemanship(马术)andarchery;Tibetanyak(牦牛)racing;Zhuangthrowingofcoloredsilkballs(抛绣球);Koreanswingingandsee-sawingjumping(跳板),etc.Dragonboatracing,kiteflying,yangge(秧歌),weiqi,qigongandtaichichuanarealsotraditionalsportspopularamongbothHanpeopleandpeopleofethnicminorities.TraditionalPhysicalCultureTraditionalPhysicalCultureSportsinChina1TraditionalPhysicalCulture2TraditionalPhysicalActivities4Olympics&China5OutstandingSportsandathletes3NationalPhysicalFitnessMartialArtsThemostrepresentativeandtypicaltraditionalphysicalactivitiesinChinaThemeaningoftheterm“武术”usingmethodsandskillstostopmartialactionsandactivitiesorthemartialactivitiesbetweentwopeopleortwogroupswiththeweapons.ProvidepractitionerswitheleganceandstrengthAttractspeopleforvariousreasonsHavebeencreatedanddevelopedbytheChinesepeopleandareapreciousnationalculturallegacyTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesBoxingWeaponexercisesSparringexercisesActualcombatTeamworkCategoriesofChineseMartialArtsTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesBoxingWeaponexercisesActualcombatTeamworkSparringexercisesTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesnorthernvs.southernstylesTheYellowRiveristheroughdemarcationline.thesouthernstyle:uttershoutsandcriesforceful.Thenorthernstyle:short,swiftandvigorousroutinesinternalvs.externalstylesDependsonwhichpartsaretrainedanygoodmartialartsstylerequiresabalancedcombinationoftheinseparableinternalandexternalprinciplesStylesofChineseMartialArtstherepresentativeboxingstyleoflongboxingCharacterizedbysturdiness,fastattacks,andcoordinatedforwardandbackwardmovesItsserialmovesaremostlyshortandstraight.TraditionalPhysicalActivitiesDistinguishedFormsofChineseMartialArtsShaolinBoxingTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesApopularschoolofmartialartsMarkedwithslowandgentlemovementsDesignedfordefense,strengtheningofphysiqueandpreventionofdiseasesThemindguidethebodythroughgraceful,gentleandfirmmovements.OriginatedinHenanprovinceandhaddevelopedmanydifferentschoolsTaiChiChuanTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesPracticedbytheChineseonaregularbasistokeepfit.“Qi”literallymeans“air”andimplies“lifeforce”Thepurposeofqigongistocoordinatethehealthofthemindandbody.Twocategories：thequiescenttypethemobiletypeQigongSuperstarsofModernMartialArtscontributetotheChineseandevenAsianculturehaveopenedthedoorforpeopleofallracesandcultures,andarefollowedbycountlesspeopleinpursuingtheirkungfudreamsRepresentatives:BruceLee,JackieChanandJetLiareTraditionalPhysicalActivitiesSportsinChina1TraditionalPhysicalCulture2TraditionalPhysicalActivities4Olympics&China5OutstandingSportsandathletes3NationalPhysicalFitnessChinesepeoplenowadaysarepayingmoreandmoreattentiontofitness,andtheirlifestylehaschangedalot.gymnasiumsandstadiums,aswellasbody-buildingequipmentpeoplebegintoengageintheirownwaystokeepfit.NationalphysicalfitnessKiteFlyingatraditionalChinesepastimewithmillionsofparticipantsacrossthenationTheWeifang(inShandongprovince)InternationalKiteFestivalattractstensofthousandsofparticipantsfromallovertheworld.NationalphysicalfitnessHorseracingessentialtothelifestyleofmanyethnicgroups.Thereareregionalvariationsandthetypesofcompetitionarediverse.Yanggeatraditionaldanceaccompaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging,withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs.verypopularinmanyareasofnorthernChinaandamongthemiddle-agedandelderly.NationalphysicalfitnessTug-of-War(拔河)atraditionalgameinwhichmanyethnicgroupsparticipatewithvigor.providesmuchentertaininghighlightandcausesconsiderablegood-naturedamusement.RopeSkipping(跳绳)afunsportforbothchildrenandadults.Withsimplyarope,peoplehaveinventedmanywaystoplayandcompete.NationalphysicalfitnessShuttlecockKicking(踢毽子)TherearemanyvariationsintermsofstylesandmethodsofkickingNotonlybringsalotoffun,butalsoprovidesvigorousphysicalexerciseconvenienttoplayandcanbepractisedanywhereandanytime.SportsinChina1TraditionalPhysicalCulture2TraditionalPhysicalActivities4Olympics&China5OutstandingSportsandathletes3NationalPhysicalFitnessAbouttheOlympicsaninternationalsportcompetition,heldeveryfouryears.TheOlympicmotto:faster,higher,stronger.OriginatedinancientGreecebetween776BCand393ADRevivedinmoderntimesthankstotheworkofFrencheducatorandthinkerPierredeCoubertin.ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheldinAthensin1896.TheOlympicGamesandChinaTheOlympicsandChinaChinawasinvitedforthefirsttimein1932TheonlyChineseparticipantatthoseGameswasLiuChangchun,whoenteredthe100mand200mracebutwaseliminated(淘汰)inthefirstround.ThefirstgoldmedalwinnerinChineseOlympichistory:XuHaifeng,asharpshooter.In2001,Beijingwontherighttohostthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.The2008BeijingOlympicGamesbecameoneofthebestinhistoryTheOlympicGamesandChinaChineseOutstandingCompetitiveSportsTableTennisthe“NationalBallGame”ofChina.Chinesetabletennisplayershaveperformedexceptionallywellininternationalcompetitions.hasgivenmillionsofChineseatasteofnationalgloryandprestige.oncemadeagreatcontributiontothediplomacyofChina.(“Ping-PongDiplomacy”)TheOlympicGamesandChinaChinabecameaformalmemberoftheInternationalBadmintonFederationin1981.Sincethen,ChinesebadmintonteamshavewontheThomasCup(托马斯杯)ninetimes,theUberCup(尤伯杯)12timesandtheSudirmanTrophy(苏迪曼杯)ninetimesby2013.TheOlympicGamesandChinaBadmintonOneofthebestwomen’svolleyballteamsintheworld.TheChineseWomen’svolleyballteamanditsstruggleforsuccesswasaninspirationtotheChinesepeopleduringthe1980s.TheOlympicGamesandChinaVolleyballCBA:anon-governmentorganizationmanagingbasketballatthenationallevelCBAC:responsibleforpromotingthesportinChinaTheadventoftheCBAleaguerepresentedagiantstepinthedevelopmentofprofessionalbasketballinChina.TheChinesewomen’sbasketballteamisanawesomepowerintheworldbasketballarena.TheOlympicGamesandChinaBasketballexcelsinternationallyChinesegymnastshaveproventhemselvestobeamongthemostreliableoftheChineseOlympicsquadAtthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,theChinesegymnasticteamwonunprecedentedlyninegoldmedals.TheOlympicGamesandChinaGymnasticsOutstandingChineseSportsStarsinthe21stCenturyaninternationalbasketballsuperstarplayedfortheHoustonRocketsoftheNBAintheUSAfrom2002through2011selectedtostartfortheWesternConferenceintheNBAAll-StarGameeighttimesnamedtotheAll-NBATeamfivetimes.reachedtheNBAPlayoffsfourtimes.enjoysenormouspopularitybothintheUnitedStatesandinChinaTheOlympicGamesandChinaYaoMingOutstandingChineseSportsStarsinthe21stCenturyAChineseOlympicandworld-record-holdingdistanceswimmer.broketheworldrecordinthemen’s1500metresfreestyleatthe2011WorldChampionshipsthefirstChinesemanevertowinanOlympicgoldmedalinthemen’s1500metresfreestyle.TheOlympicGamesandChinaSunYangOutstandingChineseSportsStarsinthe21stCenturythefirstChinesemanwhogotanOlympicgoldmedalinatrackandfieldevent.thefirstChineseathletetoachievethe“triplecrown”ofathletics—worldrecordholder,worldchampionandOlympicchampionhasbecomeoneofChina’smostcommerciallysuccessfulathletesandhasemergedasaculturalicon.TheOlympicGamesandChinaLiuXiangOutstandingChineseSportsStarsinthe21stCenturyThefirstandonlyGrandSlamsingleschampionfromAsia.BeforethefirstplayerrepresentinganAsiancountrytoappearataGrandSlamsinglesfinalInJanuary2014,LiNabecamethechampionoftheAustralianOpen,makingherrankthirdintheworldandfirstinChina.TheOlympicGamesandChinaLiNaOutstandingChineseSportsStarsinthe21stCenturyCurrentlyChina’smostsuccessfulsnookerplayerever.TheyoungestwinneroftheIBSFWorldUnder-21ChampionshipTheyoungestplayertomakethe147maximum(单杆满分)breakinprofessionalcompetitionsever.TheOlympicGamesandChinaDingJunhuiDiscussionChinahassuccessfullyhostedthe2008OlympicGames,whichhelpedpromotetraditionalChineseculturegloballyandenhancedthetrustandfriendshipamongthepeoplesofdifferentnations.Discusswithyourpartner:HowBeijing2008OlympicGameshavehelpedpeopleoutsideChinagainagoodunderstandingofChineseculture?Thenshareyourideaswiththeclass.Students’PresentationWithalonghistory,Chinahasdevelopedagreatvarietyofuniqueandtraditionalsportsandpastimes.YouareaChineseuniversitystudentwhoisinvitedtogiveatwo-minutepresentationtoagroupofinternationalstudentswhoshowgreatinterestintraditionalChinesesportsYourpresentationshouldincludethefollowingpoints:1itsorigin2itsfeature3itsglobalinfluence.Students’PresentationWelcometotheWorldofAncientChineseSportsAlittleinspirationforyouTheEnd