【课件】定语从句 课件-2023届高三英语一轮复习

定语从句theAttributiveClause高考句法目录010203WhatistheAttributeClauserelatedconceptHowtosolveproblemsContent01WhatistheAttributeClause定语从句Ilikethestudentswhostudyhard.定语从句，是指能够起定语作用的从句。02relatedconcept1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，是一个名词2.关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词3.分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句Ilikethestudentswhostudyhard.考点精析(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。PapercutsofanimlshavebeenfoundintombswhichdatebacktothetimeoftheNorthernandSouthernDynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。考点精析(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.上个星期我从图 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。关系代词that人或物主语或宾语which物主语或宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人的或物的定语（验证 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ）as正如主语、宾语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语关系副词where地点why原因when时间状语关系词选关系词看先行词在定从中成分主语、宾语关系代词状语关系副词1、引导词在从句中作宾语时可省略2、当定语从句有多个that时，第一个that可以省略3、难题的解法：先行词代入法一、只用that不用which(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、much、none、little、few、no、theone等时。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。一、只用that不用which(2)先行词是序数词，或先行词前有序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.(3)先行词是形容词最高级，或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestwaythatIcansolvetheproblem.(4)先行词被theonly、thevery(就是)、thelast、thesame、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all、oneofall、just等修饰时。TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.一、只用that不用which(5)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey'veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.(6)被修饰的词为数词时。Hebroughttwocatsyesterday.Nowyoucanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden.一、只用that不用which(7)若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要用who,which而用that。Whichwasthehotelthatwasrecommendedtoyou?(8)主句是Therebe结构修饰其主语的定语从句用that作关系代词。There'sstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.二、只用which不用that(1)介词前置且指物时Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.(2)非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 三、难用的whose（人的、物的）1.验证方法2.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenisbig.3.whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Thehousethewindowofwhichisbrokenisbig.Thehouseofwhichthewindowisbrokenisbig.三、难用的whose（人的、物的）ThegirlwhosehairisgodenisfromEngland.四、介词+关系代词=关系副词介词的选用原则：（1）固定搭配（从句动词、先行词）（2）句意关系代词选用原则：（1)指物which（2）指人whomThereareoccasions____________onemustyield.Beijingistheplace____________Iwasborn.Isthisthereason____________herefusedouroffer?Thisisthecamera____________Ispent6yuan.Thisisthecamera____________Ipaid6yuan.Iremembertheday____________Icametomytowerofivory.Irememberthedays____________IvisitedParis.Ps.并不是每个介词+关系代词都能找到对应的关系副词when(onwhich)where(inwhich)why(forwhich)onwhich(spendmoneyonsth.固定搭配）forwhich(paymoneyforsth.固定搭配）onwhich(强调具体某一天）duingwhich（强调在这期间）四、介词+关系代词=关系副词关系代词前介词的选择(1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。We'llneverforgetthedayonwhichweclimbeduptheGreatWall.(3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。HeshowsmesomeoldcoinswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.(4)根据句子所要表达的意思。Wehadsupperatsixo'clock,afterwhichIwenttoseemyuncle.(5)在非限制性定从中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时用介词ofHewroteabout20novels,ofwhichthisisthemostsuccessful.四、介词+关系代词=关系副词Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttothebeach?Wecan'tfindthehousewhere(inwhich)weusedtolive.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.特别提醒含有固定搭配的动词短语，由于其关系紧密，不宜拆分，所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的动词短语有：lookafter,takecareof,listento,lookat,lookinto,runacross,lookforwardto,breakinto等。五、as引导的定语从句1.引导限定性定语从句：当先行词前有such、thesame、so、as时用作关系代词（作主、宾、状）．Isawthesamedressinthestoreassheworethedaybefore.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.2.引导非限定性定语从句：可放在句首意为：“正如……”、“好像……”（作主、宾、表）．Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.Hestudiesveryhard,asweknow.常见插入语：asisexpected/reported/mentionedabove、asweallsee/know，asisknowntoall、asisoftenthecase(情况常常是这样）五、as引导的定语从句【学以致用】Themathproblemissohardthatnobodycansolveit.Themathproblemissohardasnobodycansolve.FZissuchawonderfulplacethatmanypeoplewanttopayavisit.FZissuchawonderfulplaceasmanypeoplewanttopayavisitto.【特别提醒】有so,as,such,thesame时，缺宾语时用as,不缺宾语时用that六、Where的特殊用法当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage,degree，meeting,platfrom,activity,job,atmosphere,occasion等词，表示抽象地点时用whereHehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.七、theway的特殊考法(1)当先行词是theway时，way在从句中作状语时，则从句引导词用inwhich/that/不填(2)如果theway作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则引导词用which/that/不填Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/不填hespeakstome.Hehasgivenyouthewaywhich/that/不填isbesttosolvetheproblem.Thewaywhich/that/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.八、oneof+复数名词主谓一致问题Oneof+复数名词，作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数当Oneof前面有theonly、thevery等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)②Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)九、as和whichas与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，翻译成“这一点、这件事”但是只有as可以位于句首Theearthisround,which/asisknowntoall.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.十、先行词是time的情况It/This/Thatis(was)thefirsttimethathas/haddone句型中time表“次数”，关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。1.It’sthefirsttime____________IhavebeentoBeijing.2.Therewasatime___________Ioftenwenttothepark.thatwhen03Howtosolveproblems划分主从句找准先行词从句缺什么成分选择关系词方法解读Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthemwereblackwithdisease.Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhichwereblackwithdisease.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseofwhomthereisapairofglasses.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseofhimthereisapairofglasses.方法解读①IwasborninNewYork,____________isthebiggestcityofAmerica.②Thenumberoftimes“upcycling”hasbeenlookedupontheCambridgeDictionarywebsitehasrisenby181%sinceDecemberof2011,____________itwasfirstaddedtotheonlinedictionary.缺主语which缺时间状语when物非限制演练提升1.OnthelastdaywehavetheLanternFestival,_________wegooutatnightcarryingpaperlanterns.2.Tohelpimprovestudents'readingandwritingskills,wewillorganizetheEnglishcompositioncontest，_________themeis“ColorfulCampusLife”．3.Therearetwomuscles_________worktogethertowidenandopenadog’seyes,causingthemtoappearbigger,andobjectivelycuter.whenwhosethat/which演练提升4.Anothersaid,“Havewecollectivelylostourminds？_________anyenvironmentalistwilltellyou,thisiscompletelycrazy.”5.That’sonereason_________whenbabiesareborn,theyarenowusuallyplacedontheirmothers'skin.6.Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofthebookstoresinChinahavecloseddown，_________istheresultofthecompetitionwithonlinebookstores.Aswhywhich演练提升7.Thiswasreturnedbecausethepersonto_________thisletterwasaddressedhaddiedthreeyearsago.8.Ourofficewasn'tfarfromChinatown，_________IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants.9.Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadacheformanycarowners,especiallyforthose_________liveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces.10.HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeople_________wantedtoworkinSiliconValley.whomwherewhowho/that演练提升11.Irecognizedthebossinwhosecompanymysisterwasworking.12.Doyouknowtheboyyourmotheristalking?13.IstillrememberthedayIfirstgottoParis.14.HegavemesomenovelsIamnotveryfamiliar.towhomonwhichwithwhich1.I’llneverforgetthedays_______weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason__________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_______________hegave.whenwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhythat/whichvt.vt.vt.如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词关注定语从句中的谓语动词vi.Arethesetwosentencesright?Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.^to^in演练提升1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver____________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit____________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.4．(2013·广东高考语法填空)Nick’sguests,________hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.5．(2015·江苏高考改编)Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.6．(2015·四川高考改编)Thebooksonthedesk,_________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.7．(2015·陕西高考改编)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.8．(2015·重庆高考改编)Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.that/whichwherewhich/thatwhoaswhosewhenwhich演练提升9.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool____________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.10.Ihavemanyfriendsto____________I’mgoingtosendpostcards.11.Theschoolshop,____________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.12.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum____________hadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.13.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething____________wassomeoneelse’sfault.14.Thefirstplace____________theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.15.Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,____________worriedhisparentsverymuch.16.Weliveinanage____________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.17.Suchmachines____________areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.18.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.19.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.20.Theyhavereachedthepoint____________theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.who/whom/thatwhomwhosethat/whichthatthatwhichinwhichaswhereinwhichwhere演练提升21.Iamlookingforwardtotheday____________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.22.Doyouknowthereason____________hedidn’tattendthemeeting?23.Tradingleathershoesisthebusiness____________theGreensaredevoted.whenwhy/forwhichtowhich演练提升1.It’sreallyluckyIcametoarestaurantthatIamknown.2.Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.3.Thebook,ofwhosethecoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.4.Therearemanypeoplethinkthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.5.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.that→wherethat→whichwhose→which在people后加who或think→thinkingPracticemakesperfect!That’sall.Thankyou!