首页 防震减灾教育宣传材料

防震减灾教育宣传材料

举报
开通vip

防震减灾教育宣传材料防震减灾教育宣传材料 泗县光明学校 防震减灾教育宣传材料 强震过后如何自救 1.地震发生后,应积极参与救助工作,可将耳朵靠墙,听听是否有幸存者声音。 2.使伤者先暴露头部,保持呼吸畅通,如有窒息,立即进行人工呼吸。 3.一旦被埋压,要设法避开身体上方不结实的倒塌物,并设法用砖石、木棍等支撑残垣断壁,加固环境。 4.地震是一瞬间发生的,任何人应先保存自己,再展开救助。先救易,后救难;先救近,后救远。 地震来临如何避震 1.如果正在上课时发生地震,要在教师指挥下抱头、闭眼,尽量蜷曲身体,迅速躲在各自的课桌...

防震减灾教育宣传材料
防震减灾教育宣传材料 泗县光明学校 防震减灾教育宣传材料 强震过后如何自救 1.地震发生后,应积极参与救助工作,可将耳朵靠墙,听听是否有幸存者声音。 2.使伤者先暴露头部,保持呼吸畅通,如有窒息,立即进行人工呼吸。 3.一旦被埋压,要设法避开身体上方不结实的倒塌物,并设法用砖石、木棍等支撑残垣断壁,加固环境。 4.地震是一瞬间发生的,任何人应先保存自己,再展开救助。先救易,后救难;先救近,后救远。 地震来临如何避震 1.如果正在上课时发生地震,要在教师指挥下抱头、闭眼,尽量蜷曲身体,迅速躲在各自的课桌下。 2.在行驶的电(汽)车内避震,应抓牢扶手,以免摔倒或碰伤;降低重心,躲在座位附近;地震过去后再下车。 3.在户外避震时,应就地选择开阔地蹲下或趴下,不要乱跑,避开人多的地方。 4.在影剧院、体育馆等处避震,应就地蹲下或趴在排椅下,用随身携带的物品挡在头上。 地震避险和自救、互救基本常识 大多数破坏性地震使人感到的地面抖动只是一瞬间,只有强烈的地震才能有长达一分钟的感觉,而绝大多数破坏性地震只延续几秒钟。为此,只有保持镇定,采取果断措施来保护自己,才能够减少你所遭遇灾害的损失。省地震局的专家详细说明了在各种环境下怎样防护的办法: 一、地震时避险和自救互救 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 (一)地震时,在家中的人员如何进行个人防护, 当你感到地面或建筑物晃动时,切记最大的危害是来自掉下来的碎片,此刻你要动作机灵的躲避。 1(在房屋里,赶快到安全的地方,如躲到 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 桌、工作台、床底下。单元楼内,可选the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 择面积小的卫生间、墙角,减小伤亡。对于户外开阔,住平房的居民,震时可头顶被 子、枕头或安全帽逃出户外,来不及时,最好在室内避震,要注意远离窗户,趴下时头靠墙,枕在横着的双臂上面,闭上眼和嘴,待地震再沉着离开。 2(地震时,门框会因变形而打不开,所以,在防震期间最好不要关门。 3(地震时,如已被砸伤或埋在倒塌物下面,应先观察周围环境,寻找通道想办法出去。若无通道,则要保存体力,静听外面的动静,可敲击铁管或墙壁使声音传出去,以便救援。 (二)地震时,室外的人员如何进行个人防护, 1(地震时在户外的人,千万不能冒着大地的震动进屋去救亲人,只能等地震过后,再对他们及时抢救。 2(如果你正行走在高楼旁的人行道上,要迅速躲到高楼的门口处,以防碎片掉下来砸伤。 3(汽车司机要就地刹车。 4(如果在山坡上感到地震发生,千万不要跟着滚石往山下跑,应躲在山坡上隆起的小山包背后,同时要远离陡崖峭壁,防止崩塌、滑坡和泥石流的威胁。 5(在海边,如发现海水突然后退,比退潮更快、更低,就要注意海啸的突然袭击,尽快向高处转移。 (三)地震时,在工作岗位上工作的人员如何进行个人防护, 一旦地震发生,在工作、生产岗位上的人员,首先应关闭易燃、易爆、有毒气体的阀门,个人根据所处的环境,当机立断迅速避震。 1(地震时,在办公楼的工作人员,要赶紧躲在办公桌下面。 2(在厂区上班的工人,地震时,要立即关闭机器、断掉电源,迅速躲到车床、机床及高大的设备下。 (四)地震时,在公共场所的人员如何进行个人防护, 1(如果你在影剧院、体育馆等处遇到地震,要沉着冷静,特别是断电时,应就地蹲下或躲在排椅下,注意避开吊灯、电扇等悬挂物,用皮包等物保护头部。 2(地震时,你正在商场、书店、展览馆等处,应选择结实的柜台、商品或柱子边,以及内墙角处就地蹲下,用手或其他东西护头,避开玻璃门窗和玻璃橱窗。 3(正在上课的学生,要在老师的指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼,躲在各自的课桌下。 二、地震后的个人自救方法 一次大震发生后,在没有外来人员援救之前,自救是一项与死神争分夺秒的斗争。地震对人身的伤害,大部分是倒塌的房屋所造成的,一旦被埋压后,要做到: 1(被埋压在废墟下时,不能在精神上发生崩溃,要有勇气和毅力。 2(被压埋后,注意用湿手巾、衣服等捂住口鼻和头部,避免灰尘呛闷发生窒息,尽量消除压在身上的各种物体,用周围可搬动的物品支撑身体上面的重物,扩大活动空间,保障有足够的空气。条件允许时设法逃避险境。 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 3(被埋压后,要注意观察周围环境,寻找通道,设法爬出去,无法爬出去时,不要大声呼喊,当听到外面有人时再呼叫,或敲击出声,向外界传信息求救。 4(无法脱险时,尽量减少体力消耗,想办法与外面援救人员取得联系。 地震有先兆 一次地震,特别是一次强烈地震之前,大都会出现一些异常现象。这些与地震的发生有密切联系的异常现象叫做地震前兆。地震前兆的一个共同特点,就是它们都 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现为自然界突然发生的某种与地震发生有关的变异,是地震前大自然的信号警告。 地面倾斜、伸缩、海平面的升降等,反应地球物理学现象变化的地磁、地电、地温、电磁波、重力、水氡、水质成分等的变化,这些现象就是所谓的微观前兆现象。 大的地震发生过程中,每次大震前都有一些异常现象,特别是有丰富的宏观前兆现象。例如井发浑、冒泡、翻花、升温、变色、变味、陡涨、陡落;泉源突然枯竭或涌出;动物习性异常反应;地声、地光、火球;植物的反常开花结果等。由此群众总结了如下谚语: 群测群防搞预报 宏观异常很重要 井水忽高又忽低 变色变味冒气泡 果树提前把花开 植物反季发芽早 骡马牛驴不进圈 狗上房屋狂吠嚎 老鼠蛇子和家兔 纷纷出洞向外逃 鸟不进窝鹅鸭飞 家养金鱼上下跳 地声地光很怪异 这是它们来预报 宏观异常排干扰 方法简单效果好 在 大地震发生前动物的异常变化特别丰富和突出。人们对震前动物异常现象,在很早以前就有所认识。据资料和近40年来我国所发生的强震震例统计,震前有异常反 应的动物已有100多种。一般说来,动物在地震前大多为惊恐反应,像遇到敌害,极度紧张,少数表现为抑制型,表现为委靡不振。我国历次震例表明,动物异常 超前时间多数在24小时左右,震前11小时动物异常的频率会有所增高,震前2,3小时达到高潮。 有些大震有地声、地光现象,地声、地光 现象比较复杂,很难做出确切描述。一般而言,与人看惯的光象、听惯的声音不一样,让人感到怪异甚至恐惧。地光的特点:一般出现在临震前或震时,也有出现于 震前数小时或更早的。它形状各异,有带状光、球状光、片形光、火样光、柱状光等,颜色多样,呈红、白、紫、橙等色。地声的特点:多数出现在震前或震时,但 也有出现在震前几小时甚至几天的,声音类似于机器轰鸣声、雷声、炮声、狂风呼啸声、撕布声、石头相互摩擦声等。另外还可能有天气骤冷或骤热,出现大风、大 雨、大雪等变化。 1986年2月9日至8月16日,我省德都发生的中强震群,2005年7月25日,大庆市林甸县发生的5.1级地震, 震前都出现过狗狂叫、叼狗崽搬家,鸡鸭晚上不进窝、惊叫、乱飞;老鼠不怕人、惊恐乱窜等动物习性异常的现象。因此,发现这些宏观异常现象的群测群防人员要 及时上报,对实现地震的短临预报至关重要。 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote3 地震发生时的自救措施 当人们在遇到突如其来的地震时,千万不要惊慌失措,要保持清醒的头脑,采取应急措施。在来不及逃出房屋的情况下,住平房的人可就近躲避在坚固的写字台下、炕沿下、床板下等。 住楼房的人应尽快从大房间躲避到厕所、厨房等小房间处;当来不及逃离大房间时,应躲在内墙墙角下、家具与门框附近等处,并保护头部和呼吸安全;不要躲在楼房的外墙角,以防外墙震裂倒塌而跌出墙外。不可躲在阳台上、窗户旁与拥在楼梯口,更不可盲目跳楼以防摔伤。 当 主震约在20秒钟过去后,要立即撤出房间,以防接着而来的余震造成伤害。住高层楼房的人不可乘电梯逃离。为防地震造成停电和火灾,可沿楼梯撤出。逃出室外 或己在室外的人应保护头部,以防止被瓦砾等物砸伤,并迅速往广场、操场、公园等空旷安全处疏散,要躲开狭窄街道、高楼、影壁、女儿墙、烟囱、桥梁、高压 线、变压器、河堤,水坝等危险地段。 若地震时在立交桥上,司机和乘客应迅速步行下桥躲避。若地震时正在车间、影剧院、商场、学校等公共 场所,若时间允许可依次迅速撤离;在来不及时,可就近躲在车床下、桌子下、舞台下、椅子下、柜台两侧等处。大地震后还有多次余震,此时不能回到尚未倒塌的 建筑物内;倒塌的建筑物如发主火灾应迅速扑灭,以救出被困往其中幸存的人。 被埋在废墟中的人,应尽可能加固自己同围的支撑物,并用连续有规律的敲击声和呼喊声求救。 地震来临镇静即自救 27日13时,武汉大学高级心理咨询师严瑜正在给心理咨询师培训班的学员上课,教室的灯和桌椅突然晃动了几下。接着听见别的教室有学生跑出来。严瑜笑着说:“看来,还是我们心理咨询师们的心理素质好~” 严瑜认为,无破坏性有感地震虽然没有造成直接破坏,但由于人们的恐震心理等原因,可能会影响正常的生产、生活秩序。“知震”才不会“恐震”。消除“恐 震”心理的有力武器是防震科学传播,让公众全面了解地震、正确对待地震,掌握防护的基本知识。血的教训说明,在应对地震这样突发的自然灾害时,如果掌握避 震防灾的常识和技能,就能大大减轻损失。 面对突发事件,感到心理压力大时,应当与亲朋好友多沟通,让情绪得到合理的宣泄,大胆说出你的恐 慌。这时最好选择电话、上网等方式沟通。说出自己的想法,通过交流来减轻内心的不安。坦然面对和承认自己的心理感受,不必刻意强迫自己抵制或否认在面对灾 害和突发事件时产生的害怕、担忧、惊慌和无助等心理体验,尽量保持平和的心态。切不可以烟酒来排遣压力,更不可有发怒等不良情绪出现。同时,the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 启动科学的心 理调节措施,进行一些能让自己放松的活动,如听音乐,看小说,写日记,收拾家务等等让自己感兴趣的一些小事情,转移自己的情绪,并保持良好的睡眠。 家里有老人或者孩子,可能会出现一些反常的表现:易怒、兴奋、不安、絮叨,甚至联想到以前的一些负性事件等。这时,家人要尽量理解,最好能够在一起,以 增强相互的依赖和安全感。要充分尊重他们的情绪反应,使他们感受到被重视和信任,从而充满自豪与信心,以降低不良情绪的影响几率,用自己的信心去鼓励和激 发亲人。 新版地震逃生守则 1.地震时,先将房门打开(包含大门、铁门),因为地震有可能将门框震歪,而导致逃生信道无法畅通。 2 .关闭火原、瓦斯。 3.保持冷静,注意头顶上方有无掉落物的可能,环顾所处空间墙壁、天花板、梁柱,检查有无龟裂,但是、千万别往外跑(除非你身处一楼)。 如果你所处位置在一般所谓透天住家,请往顶楼跑,而如果你身处大楼,除一 楼外其余别往外移动,迅速往厕所或冰箱移动。因为厕所空间较小,四周皆有墙壁,可承受较大压力,而且厕所有水源、水管,可保有些许水分,并且没有掉落物危险如书柜、衣橱等。而冰箱因为为铁制,如房屋不幸倒塌,可藉由它顶着,而且冰箱内有食物,如不幸受困也可有紧急粮食。 “不要”往外跑,甚至往上移动,是我在灾区学到最大的经验,因为有鉴于台湾建商的没良心偷工减料,和台湾透天建筑物的特殊结构(一楼多为店面、停车场,空间中无其它隔间),在地震来时,可能会直接往下垮,造成二楼、三楼、甚至于七楼(中山国宝)变一楼。 有一家五口地震来时他们马上从楼上往下往外跑,跑最快的死在骑楼 ,因为房子往下垮,被压死,其余四口,一名在一二楼间(上下约5 0公分)被发现,剩下三口都在一楼楼梯间被发现,而隔壁两位老先 生老婆婆,因为跑不动留在二楼,房子垮了,二楼变一楼,他俩从窗 户爬出来逃过一劫。你看这不是很讽刺,所以往上跑,就算房子垮了 、倒了,也比较不会被压住。 防震自救知识问答 1、地震时的应急防护原则, 震时就近躲避,震后迅速撤离到安全的地方是应急防护的较好方法。所谓就近躲避,就是因地制宜地根据不同的情况作出不同的对策。 2、学校人员如何避震, the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote5 在学校中,地震时最需要的是学校领导和教师的冷静与果断。有中长期地震预报的地区,平时要结合教学活动,向学生讲述地震和防、避震知识。震前要安排好学生转 移、撤离的路线和场地;震后沉着地指挥学生有秩序地撤离。在比较坚固、安全的房间里,可以躲避在课桌下、讲台旁;教学楼内的学生可以到开间小、有管道支撑 的房间里,决不可让学生们乱跑或跳楼。 3、地震时,在街上行走时如何躲避, 地震发生时,高层建筑物的玻璃碎片和大楼 外侧混凝土碎块、以及广告招牌、马口铁板、霓虹灯架等,可能掉下伤人,因此在街上走时,最好将身边的皮包或柔软的物品顶在头上,无物品时也可用手护在头 上,尽可能做好自我防御的准备,要镇静,应该迅速离开电线杆和围墙,跑向比较开阔的地区躲避。 4、地震发生时行驶的车辆如何应急, 乘客(特别在火车上)应用手牢牢抓住拉手、柱子或座席等,并注意防止行李从架上掉下伤人,面朝行车方向的人,要将胳膊靠在前座席的椅垫上,护住面部,身体倾向通道,两手护住头部;背朝行车方面的人,要两手护住后脑部,并抬膝护腹,紧缩身体,做好防御姿势。 5、楼房内人员地震时如何应急, 地 震一旦发生,首先要保持清醒、冷静的头脑,及时判别震动状况,千万不可在慌乱中跳楼,这一点极为重要。其次,可躲避在坚实的家具下,或墙角处,亦可转移承 重墙较多、开间小的厨房、厕所去暂避一时。因为这些地方结合力强,尤其是管道经过处理,具有较好的支撑力,抗震系数较大。总之,震时可根据建筑物布局和室 内状况,审时度势,寻找安全空间和通道进行躲避,减少人员伤亡。 6、在商店遇震时如何应急, 在百货公司遇到地震时, 要保持镇静。由于人员慌乱,商品下落,可能使避难通道阻塞。此时,应躲在远处的大柱子和大商品旁边(避开商品陈列橱),或朝着没有障碍的通道躲避,然后曲 身蹲下,等待地震平息。处于楼上位置,原则上向底层转移为好。但楼梯往往是建筑物抗震的薄弱部位,因此,要看准脱险的合适时机。服务员要组织群众就近躲 避,震后安全撤离。 居家地震避险和地震自救互救基本常识 大多数破坏性地震使人感到的地面抖动只是一瞬间,只有强烈的地震才能有长达一分钟的感觉,而绝大多数破坏性地震只延续几秒钟。为此,只有保持镇定,采取果断措施来保护自己,才能够减少你所遭遇灾害的损失。下面告诉你在各种环境下怎样防护的办法: 一、地震时避验和自救互救方法 (一)地震时,在家中的人员如何进行个人防护, the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 当你感到地面或建筑物晃动时,切记最大的危害是来自掉下来的碎片,此刻,要动作机灵的躲避。 1.在房屋里,则赶快到安全的地方,如躲到书桌、工作台、床底下。单元楼内。可选择开间小的卫生间、墙角,依靠上下水管道和煤气管道的支撑,减少伤亡。 对于户外开阔,住平房的职工,震时可头顶被子、枕头或安全帽逃出户外,来不及时,最好在室内避震,要注意远离窗户,趴下时,头靠墙,使鼻子上方双眼之间凹 部枕在横着的双臂上面,闭上眼和嘴,用鼻子呼吸,一般来说,不要跑出建筑物,最好就近找个安全处躲避,待地震后,如果需要疏散,再沉着离开。 2.地震时,门框会因变形而打不开,所以在防震期间,最好不要关门。夜间地震时,要争分夺秒向安全地方转移,不要因寻找物品和穿衣而耽误时间,如有可能,要立即拉断电源,关闭煤气,熄灭明灯。照明最子用手电筒,不要用火柴、蜡烛等明火。 3.地震时,如已被砸伤或埋在塌物下面,应先观察周围环境,寻找通道,千方百计想办法出去。若无通道,则要保存体力,不要大喊大叫,要静听外面的动静,如听到有人走过的声音,可敲击铁管或墙避使声音传出去,以便救援。同时要在狭小的空间里,寻找食物维持生命。 (二)地震时,室外的人员如何进行个人防护, 1.地震时在户外的人,千万不要冒着大地的震动进屋去救亲人,只能等地震过后,再对他们及时抢救。 2.如果你正行走在高楼旁的人行道上,要迅速躲到高楼的门口处,以防碎片掉下来砸伤。 3.汽车司机要就地刹车刹车,火车司机要采取紧急制动措施,稳媛地逐渐刹车,保证列车和旅客的人身安全。 4.如果在山坡上感到地震发生,千万不要跟着滚石往山下跑,而应躲在山坡上隆起的小山包背后,同时要远离陡崖峭壁,防止崩塌、滑坡和泥石流的威胁。 5.在海边,如发现海水突然后退,比退潮更快、更低,就要注意海啸的突然袭击,尽快向高处转移。 (三)地震时,在工作岗位上工作的人员如何进行个人防护, 一旦地震发生,在工作、生产岗位上的人员,首先应关闭易燃、易爆、有毒气体的阀门,个人根据所处的环境,当机立断迅速避震。 1.地震时,在办公楼的工作人员,要赶紧躲在办公桌下面,震后迅速从楼梯撤离,千万不要跳楼。 2.在厂区上班的工人,地震时,要立即关闭机器、断掉电源,迅速躲在车床、机床及高大的设备下,绝不要慌忙乱跑。 3.井下作业工人,地震时,应立即停止生产,不要急于往外跑,地面下一般较地面上安全。避开巷道或竖井等危险地区,选择有支撑的巷道避震。地震过后,有组织、 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote7 有秩序地向地面转移。 4.一些生命线 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 中的在岗人员,应根据各自的专业特点、规范,立即采取措施避震。如化工厂在地震时,紧急防止易燃、易爆、有毒气体和液体外溢,立即关停各种闸门和电源,关闭运转设备,防止次生灾害的发生。 (四)地震时,在公共场所的人员如何进行个人防护, 在群众集聚的公共场所遇到地震时,最忌慌乱,否则将造成秩序混乱,相互压挤而导致人员伤亡,而应有组织地从多路口快速疏散。 1.如果你正在影剧院、体育馆等处遇到地震时,要沉着冷静,特别是当场内断电时,不要乱喊乱叫,更不得乱挤乱拥,应就地蹲下或躲在排椅下,注意避开吊灯、电扇等悬挂物,用皮包等物保护头部,等地震过后,听从工作人员指挥,有组织地撤离。 2.地震时,你正在商场、书店、展览馆等处,应选择结实的柜台、商品(如低矮家具等)或柱子边,以及内墙角处就地蹲下,用手或其它东西护头,避开玻璃门窗和玻璃橱窗,也可在通道中蹲下,等待地震平息,有秩序地撤离出去。 3.正在上课的学习,要在老师的指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼,躲在各自的课桌下,决不能乱跑或跳楼,地震后,有组织地撤离教室,到就近的开阔地震避震。 4.正在进行比赛的体育场,应立即停止比赛,稳定观众情绪,防止混乱拥挤,有组织有步骤地向体育场外疏散。 二、地震后的个人自救方法 一次大震发生后,到处是断坦残壁,危楼及倒房构成的瓦砾堆。在没有外来人员援救之前,自救是一项与死神争分夺秒的斗争。时间就是生命,从历次大地震的经 验得知,地震发生后,一天内扒出的人,救活率可达80%,第二吞们有30-40%,时间越长,存活率越低。地震对人身的伤害,大部分是倒塌的房屋所造成 的,一旦被埋压后,要做到: 1.被埋压在废墟下时,至关重要的是不能在精神上发生崩溃,要有勇气和毅力。强烈的求生欲望和充满信心的乐观精神,是自救过程中创造奇迹的强大动力。 2.被压埋后,注意用湿手巾、衣服或其他布料等捂住口鼻和头部,避免灰尘呛闷发生窒息及意外事故,尽量活动手和脚,消除压在身上的各种物体,用周围可搬 动的物品支撑身体上面的重物,避免塌落,扩大安全活动空间,保障有足够的空气。条件允许时,应尽量设法逃避险境,朝更安全宽敞、有光亮的地方移动。 3.被埋压后,要注意观察周围环境,寻找通道,设法爬出去,无法爬出去时,不要大声呼喊,当听到外面有人时,再呼叫,或敲击出声,向外界传信息求救。 4.无力脱险时,尽量减少体力消耗,寻找食物和水,并计划使用,乐观等待时机,想办法与外面援救人员取得联系。 三、地震后的群众互救方法 地震后救人,时间就是生命。因此,救人应当先从最近处救起,不论是家人、邻居、工作岗位上的同事,或是萍水相逢的路人,只要是近处有人被埋压,就要先救他the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 们,这样可以争取时间,减少伤亡。震后救人的原则是: 1.在互救过程中,要有组织,讲究方法,避免盲目图快而增加不应有的伤亡。首先通过侦听、呼叫、询问及根据建筑物结构特点,判断被埋人员的位置,特别是头部方位,在开挖施救中,最好用手一点点拨,不可用利器刨挖。 2.如伤势严重,不能自行出来的,不得强拉硬拖,应设法暴露全身,查明伤情,施行包扎固定或急救。 3.在互救中,应利用铲、铁杆等轻便工具和毛巾、被单、衬衣、木板等方便器材。 4.挖掘时要分清哪些是支撑物,哪些是压埋阻挡物,应保护支撑物,清除埋压物,才能保护被压埋者赖以生存的空间不遭覆压。 5.清除压埋物及钻凿、分割时,有条件的要泼水,以防伤员呛闷而死。 6.对暂时无力救出的伤员,要使废墟下面的空间保护通风,递送食品,静等时机再进行营救。 四、成功的自救互救范例 范例1 他救活了全家五口人 唐山大地震时,唐山市路北区科委主任袁云峰一家被砸埋在下。当时他48岁,他奋力自救出来后,由于方法得当,又救出了他的全家五口,他的经验是: 1.抓紧时间,分清轻重缓重。他首先扒出妻子的上半身,发现妻子还活着,又去扒儿子,当儿子的头扒出来能呼吸后又去扒共他人。由于他时间抓得紧,短时间内,全家五口人都得救了。 2.家庭应常备一些药品,以便在突发事件后应急。唐山大地震时,邻居陈某被开水烫伤,袁云峰用家里备用的獾油给他涂上,虽然烫伤面积大,因獾油保护伤口有效,终于免于死亡。 范例2 一把菜刀救了一对新婚夫妻 七月二十八日的强大震波,击中了唐山市所有的大目标,也毫不留情地粉碎了唐山二五五医院陈俊华、郝永云的新房。他俩最初被砸埋下去的时候,象所有被埋在 地下的人一样,竭尽全力呼喊,拼命地推梁木,砸钢筋,搬石头„„。然而这一切都无济于事,地下很黑、很闷,呛得难受,时间一长,体弱的妻子昏睡过去了,陈 俊华四处去摸,希望找到水和西瓜,但一切都被对碎了,失望之中他意外地摸到了一把菜刀。他首先在一堵断壁上劈开了一个窟窿。他欣喜若狂地往外钻,谁知窟窿 外正堵着一个坚硬的水泥凉台。他用菜刀往相反的方向劈,结果失败了,他俩暂时栖身的小小空间,真像一处严严实实的坟墓。 他把四周都 砍遍了。石头、钢筋、水管、暖气片„„菜刀卷刃了,变成了一块三角铁,他一共凿开了七个窟窿,全都是死路,他爱人已经神智不清,生命危在旦夕,但陈俊华仍 用顽强的毅力坚持用变成三角铁的散刀敲击暖气片,整整两天三夜,菜刀的敲击声也越来越弱,陈俊华也不行了,他浑身发烫,手脚绵软,眼睛也看不清了,四周是 一片白色的雾。最后他也躺倒了。但是,他躺着还拼尽全力地敲,两天三夜, the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote9 微弱而顽强的敲击声终于传出了废墟,他们获救了。这把菜刀给这对新婚夫妻带来了生 还的希望。 认 识 地 震 地震是地壳构造运动时,地壳受力破裂所产生的振动。由于地壳各部的不均匀性,地壳 构造运动使一些较为脆弱的地方储蓄起大量的弹性应变能,经过相当长的时间,应力超过岩石固有弹性极限强度时,便发生破裂,当成造成面积破裂或错动时,原来 所储弹性应变能量全迅速释放出来,引起地表强烈振动,这就是地震。它同刮风、暴雨等气象现象一样也是一种自然现象。据统计,地球上每年大约发生500多万 次地震,其中人能感觉到的有5万次,造成破坏的约有800次左右,7级以上造成严重灾害的有10次左右,强烈的地震会给人类带来突如其来的巨大灾难。 全球地震主要分布在三个地震带上,首先约70%的地震分布在环太平洋的震带,包括日本、台湾、美国加州圣安德列斯列斯断层区等著名的地震活动区。第二个 地震带是从地中海到喜马拉雅的欧亚地震带,其上地震分布的特点是比较分散,不象环太平洋地震带那么集中那么有规则,欧亚地震带约占全球地震的15%左右。 第三个地震带是沿着各大洋洋中脊分布的洋脊地震带,约吝5%左右。还有约10%的地震分布在这些地震带之外离板块边界相当远的地方,即“板内地震”。 航天技术的应用已使得过去“上天无路”的情况变成了“上天有路”,然而,“入地无门”的情况仍然存在。至今为止,人类花费巨资挖掘的几口超深钻井深度不过十几公里,这与地球6371公里的半长相比实在是微不足道。那么,今后我们关于地球内部的知识都是怎么得来的呢, 随着科学的发展,人们从火山喷发出来的物质中了解到地球的内部的物理性质和化学组成,同时利用地震波揭示了地球内部的许多秘密。 地震波分为纵波和横波,传播方向和振动方向一致的波叫纵波,人们在地震时感受到上下跳动就是纵波作用的结果;传播方向和振动方向垂直的波称为横波,地震 时人们感到左右晃动,就是横波作用的结果。地震波在地下一些物质分界面上会发生反射和折射,从而通过分析反射波、折射波,能获得地球下各种界面的信息。现 在我们已经知道地球可以分为地壳、地幔和地核,地核又包括一个液态的外核和一个固态的内核。据统计约有92%的地震发生在地南中,其余的发生在地幔上部。 震源深度越小,相同震级的地震,对地面造成的破坏越大。 由于引起地震的原因不同,可以把地震分为构造地震、火山地震和塌陷地震。构 造地震是由于岩层断裂,发生变位错动,在地质构造上发生巨大变化而产生的地震,所以叫做构造地震,也叫断裂地震。目前世界上发生的地震90%以上属于构造 地震。构造地震的震源深度通常铁饭碗60公里以内。由于火山作用、岩浆活动,在火山附近也可能引起地震,叫火山地震,约占全世界地震的7%。由于地下岩洞 或矿井顶部塌陷,也可以引起地球表面的振动,叫塌陷地震,这类地震比较小,次数也不多。水the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 库蓄水、油田注水也能引起地震,称诱发地震。由核爆炸、大工业爆 破引起的地面振动称为人工地震。 我们把地震的大小也就是地震所释放的能量用震级来表示,不同震级地震的能量差别是很大的。震级每大 一级,地震的能量就大三十多倍,震级每大二级,地震的能量就大一千倍。所以尽管小地震数目比大地震多得多,但总能量中的大部分仍是由大地震释放的。小于3 级的地震人们一般感觉不到,只有仪器才能 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 到。对一般的浅源地震而言,大于3级、小于4.5级的地震,在震中区人们会感觉到,但不会造成很大的破坏,称 为有感地震。大于4.5级、小于6级的地震称为中强地震,对震中区的建筑物可能造成一定程度的破坏,人们普遍有感。大于、等于6级而小于7级的地震称为强 震,在震中区会造成严重破坏,人员伤亡、地面变形、喷沙冒水,构成灾害。大于7级的地震称为大地震,其中8级以上的称为巨大地震,对震中区可造成毁灭性灾 害,建筑物倒塌,桥梁断裂,地表严重变形。 地震烈度是地面遭受地震影响和破坏的程度。影响烈度的因素,除了震级、震中距外,还与震 源深度、地质构造、地基条件和建筑物结构、材料、施工质量等因素有关。我国将地震烈度划分为12度。3度:少数人有感;4-5度:睡觉的人会惊醒,吊灯摆 动;6度:器皿倾倒,房屋轻微损坏;7-8度:房屋破坏,地面裂缝;9-10度:桥梁、水坝损坏、房屋倒塌,地面破坏严重;11-12度:毁灭性的破坏。 地震学是一门观测的科学,地震仪对于地震学就象望远镜对于天文学一样的重要。最近几 十年来随着计算机技术的各种观测技术的飞速发 展,地震学领域也发生了巨大的变化,各种新技术、新概念、新方法不断涌现,给地震学带来了新的发展和活力。在信息化浪潮中,地震资料的获得和传递变得前所 未有的方便和快捷。新技术、新概念不断涌现,海量的大地航空测量、GPS、高分辨率三维地形资料、数字地震资料不断获得,交流手段空前快捷,地学研究已经 进入了数字地球的阶段。这些都给地震学的发展提供了前所未有的机遇,利用这些优势,人们必将加深对地震本质的认识,增强人类抵御和减轻地震灾害的能力。 地震时的几个自救办法 上海地震局的韦晓博士是目前上海地区负责组织紧急地震救援的6名成员之一。韦晓向记者介绍了以下一些地震自救知识。 -大地震时不要急 破坏性地震从人感觉振动到建筑物被破坏平均只有12秒钟,在这短短的时间内你千万不要惊慌,应根据所处环境迅速作出保障安全的抉择。如果住的是平房,那么你可以迅速跑到门外。如果住的是楼房,千万不要跳楼,应立即切断电闸,关掉煤气,暂避到洗手间等跨度小的地方,或是桌子,床铺等下面,震后迅速撤离,以防强余震。 -人多先找藏身处 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote11 学校,商店,影剧院等人群聚集的场所如遇到地震,最忌慌乱,应立即躲在课桌,椅子或坚固物品下面,待地震过后再有序地撤离。教师等现场工作人员必须冷静地指挥人们就地避震,决不可带头乱跑。 -远离危险区 如在街道上遇到地震,应用手护住头部,迅速远离楼房,到街心一带。如在郊外遇到地震,要注意远离山崖,陡坡,河岸及高压线等。正在行驶的汽车和火车要立即停车。 -被埋要保存体力 如果震后不幸被废墟埋压,要尽量保持冷静,设法自救。无法脱险时,要保存体力,尽力寻找水和食物,创造生存条件,耐心等待救援。新闻晚报/?记者施平 震前預防措施 1.准备3日份的饮水、药品、干粮、手電筒、收音机、铁锥或斧头收納在救急袋內,但須隨時留意食物與電池的期限,放置在全家人便於取用位置,以防不時之需。 2.准备消防设备,以面對地震後可能發生的火灾;留意灭火器的有效期限。 3.熟悉住家環境,清楚那裡是最好避难場所,預先想好逃生路线。 4.家人问应互相約定地震後應該如何联系及安全後之會合地點。 5.應經常舉行避難演習,建立自卫編組,以防地震時惊慌失措。 6.建筑勿任意违法加盖,或拆除墙、柱、樑、板,以免破坏房屋结构。 7.較重物品應放置低處,並予固定,以防地震時掉落造成傷害。 8.定期检查瓦斯、電線管路,瓦斯桶應予固定。全家人均應清楚总开关位置及关闭方法。 9.地震時,應躲在堅固家具下,浴室也是安全的地方。 10.應定期檢查房子,如发现大裂缝應請专业人員加以检视或維修。 11.需記憶自家附近之医院、警察局、救火队電話。 地震來臨時 1.避免附帶的灾害,尤其是火灾,所以应紧急关闭所有的火源,包括電源和瓦斯。 2.順手將門窗打開,避免因地震變形而無法逃生。 3.就地尋找安全庇护处:千萬不可慌張奔跑。若在室內,立即遠離架子和柜子,背對窗戶,躲入堅固的桌下。不可搭乘電梯。 4.若在郊外,則找空旷的地點,遠離崖邊、水邊、車子。 5.若在街上,迅速躲到骑楼支柱旁,远离玻璃、加油站、建筑工地和天桥,並注意保護頭部。 6.徒步避難:若有避難需要,例如余震頻繁時,一定要用徒步的方式前往避難場所,千萬不可開車,免得造成阻礙了緊急救援。 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 7.相互救助:地震容易引發火災,若發現任何災害,要緊急求援,並量力而為幫助救援。但千萬不可在旁觀看熱鬧,而妨礙了救援活動。 8.若不幸受困,千萬要保持清醒及冷靜,以敲打器物代替喊叫,絕對不要放棄求生意志。 the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote13
本文档为【防震减灾教育宣传材料】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
下载需要: 免费 已有0 人下载
最新资料
资料动态
专题动态
is_977556
暂无简介~
格式:doc
大小:76KB
软件:Word
页数:30
分类:生活休闲
上传时间:2017-10-20
浏览量:36