最新卫生资格骨外科学考试题无忧 资料全整下载(包过关)

最新卫生资格骨外科学考试题无忧 资料全整下载(包过关) 最新卫生资格骨外科学考试题无忧 资料全整下载(包过关) 1 1、A1型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案， 并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、肘关节提携角为 A(20?,25? B(16?,20? C(10?,15? D(5?,10? E(1?,5? 2、胸段脊髓损伤患者，双下肢完全性瘫痪，这时的肌力是 A(0级 B(4级 C(2级 1级 D( E(5级 3、在盂肱关节活动范围中，下列哪项是错误的 A(外展90? B(内收45? C(前屈135? D(后伸90? E(内旋135? 4、下述哪一个椎间盘突出能使伸肌力减弱 A(L,L B(L,L C(L,L D(L,S E(S,S 5、手的休息位是 A(相当于握小球体位 B(犹如握笔姿势，越向小指，指尖指向手掌中心 C(手指各关节完全伸直 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(掌指关节屈曲90?位 E(拇指外展、对掌、后伸位 6、脊柱圆弧形后凸不出现在下列哪种疾病中 A(姿势性驼背 B(脊柱结核 C(青年性驼背 D(类风湿脊柱炎 E(佝偻病 7、膝关节疾病与有关试验中，下列哪项是错误的 A(浮髌试验(+):膝关节积液 B(前抽屉试验(+):后交叉韧带断裂 C(后抽屉试验(+):后交叉韧带断裂 D(麦氏(McMurray)试验(+):半月板损伤 E(髌骨摩擦试验(+):髌骨软骨软化症 8、运动系统物理学检查次序是 A(触望动量，特殊试验 B(动量触望，特殊试验 C(望触动量，特殊试验 D(量动望触，特殊试验 E(特殊试验，望触动量 9、测定大转子上移，可用哪种 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 确定 A(Nelaton线 B(Codman三角 C(Pauwels角 D(Chamberlain线 E(Schmorl结节 10、髋关节正常活动范围中，下列哪项是错误的 A(0?(伸)，150?(屈) B(过伸25? C(30?(内收)，45?(外展) D(40?(内旋)，60?(外旋) E(过伸15? 11、托马斯(Thomas)征阳性说明 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(右下肢有放射性疼痛 B(髋关节活动受限 C(右侧髂腰肌受刺激 D(臀大肌受刺激 E(右股四头肌受刺激 12、在参与肩关节的活动中，下列哪项是错误的 A(盂肱关节 B(肩胛骨 C(肩锁关节 D(胸骨 E(胸锁关节 13、下列各项检查中，哪项代表的意义是错误的 A(Dugas征:肩关节有无脱位 B(Thomas征:髋关节有无屈曲畸形 C(Caenslen征:肘关节有无脱位 Ffoment征:尺神经损伤后拇内收肌瘫痪 D( E(Shoemaker征:股骨大转子有无上移 14、跟腱反射对应的神经根是 A(腰神经根 B(腰神经根 C(腰神经根 D(骶神经根 E(骶神经根 15、"浮髌征"阳性，提示膝关节 A(髌腱损伤 B(关节积液 C(髌骨骨折 D(滑膜增生 E(关节内粘连 16、在腕关节的活动范围中，下列哪项是错误的 A(背伸70? B(掌屈80? C(桡侧偏25? application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(尺侧偏50? E(中立位0? 17、对关节活动度检查的描述，下列错误的是 A(肘关节伸直位为中立位0? B(膝关节伸直位为中立位0? C(足外缘与小腿垂直为踝关节伸90?位 D(腕关节伸直位为中立位0? E(手指各关节完全伸直为中立位0? 18、Trendelenburg试验常用来检查 A(臀大肌是否瘫痪 B(髋关节的臀中、小肌功能及股骨头与髋的关系是否正常 C(下肢长短是否等长 D(腰部是否有侧突畸形 E(髋关节是否强直 19、骨科的病理学检查，物理检查和下列哪项检查被一起称为"三结合"检查 A(X线检查 B(电生理检查 C(关节镜检查 D(实验室检查 E(神经系统检查 20、颈、腰段活动范围中，下列哪项是错误的 A(颈椎前屈后伸均为35? B(颈椎左右侧屈均为30? C(腰椎前屈45? D(腰椎后伸35? E(腰椎左右侧屈均为30? 21、在手指各关节的活动范围中，下列哪项是错误的 A(手指各关节中立位0? B(掌指关节屈曲90? C(近侧指间关节屈曲120? D(远侧指间关节屈曲60?,80? E(远侧指间关节屈曲40?,50? 22、50岁男性跌伤后就诊，最基本的检查应该是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(X线检查 B(物理学检查 C(化验检查 D(肌电图 E(关节镜检查 23、腕关节的功能位是 A(背伸5?,15? B(背伸15?,2? C(背伸20?,25? D(背伸25?,30? E(0? 24、测量下肢长度时，一般误差不应超过 A(0(5cm B(1cm C(2cm 3cm D( E(4cm 2、A2型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案， 并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、男，5岁。患腰椎结核1个月，下列试验可能阳性的是 A(McMurray试验 B(Thomas征 C(Gaenslen征 D(拾物试验 E(Dugas征 2、男，19岁。大腿中下1,3被砸伤，局部肿胀，疼痛，按顺序进行检查，首先应该发现的是 A(有无畸形 B(是否扪及足背动脉搏动 C(有无环形的压痛 D(检查有无骨摩擦音 E(检查有无异常活动 3、男，25岁。胸椎骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤。检查时，股四头肌稍有收缩，但没有引起膝关节活 动，这时的肌力应该是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(1级 B(2级 C(3级 D(4级 E(5级 4、女，29岁。重物砸伤致脊髓损伤，最能准确地确定脊髓损伤平面的物理检查是 A(检查腱反射 B(检查肢体的运动感觉 C(检查肢体的温度 D(检查球海绵体反射 E(压痛的部位 5、男，20岁。右大腿包块2个月来院就诊，对其进行物理学检查，下列未遵照物理学检查原 则进行的是 A(先健侧后患侧 B(先远处后患处 C(先被动后主动 D(充分显露两侧对比 E(动作轻柔，尽量不增加患者痛苦 岁。在煤矿工作时左大腿被砸伤，当即不能站立，局部剧痛，用哪种检查可以最安6、男，30 全迅速地判断有无骨折 A(移动式小型X线机照像 B(检查有否骨磨擦音 C(检查有否异常活动 D(骨传导音是否减弱 E(有否纵向压痛 7、男，30岁。车祸伤，现场发现左股部伤口有大量鲜血涌出，此时最先应检查的是 A(触诊足背和胫后动脉 B(检查肢体感觉 C(检查膝腱或跟腱反射 D(足部主动活动有无缺失 E(立即做X线检查 3、A3/A4型题:以下提供若干个案例，每个案例下设若干道考题。请根据答案所提供的信息， 在每一道考题下面的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相 应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 女，15岁。锐器割伤右前臂。 1、检查发现右腕不能抬起，首先应考虑 A(正中神经损伤 B(桡神经损伤 C(尺神经损伤 D(肌皮神经损伤 E(腋神经损伤 2、检查发现对掌困难应考虑 A(肌皮神经损伤 B(腋神经损伤 C(桡神经损伤 D(正中神经损伤 E(尺神经损伤 3、检查发现患者尺侧一个半手指出现感觉减退应考虑 A(桡神经损伤 B(肌皮神经损伤 C(正中神经损伤 D(尺神经损伤 E(腋神经损伤 4、B型题:以下提供若干组考题，每组考题共用在考题前列出的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答 案。请从中选择一个与问题关系最密切的答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的 方框涂黑。某个备选答案可能被选择一次、多次或不被选择。 A(Bryant三角 B(Dugas征 C(Finkelstein试验 D(McMurray试验 E(Lachmann试验 1、髋关节特殊试验是 2、半月板特殊试验是 3、桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎特殊试验是 4、肩关节特殊试验是 5、膝关节韧带损伤特殊试验是 A(关节被动活动正常而主动活动不能 B(关节主动活动和被动活动均不能 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check C(关节主动活动和被动活动均部分受限 D(关节主动活动和被动活动均正常 E(关节主动活动部分障碍，被动活动正常 6、关节纤维粘连 7、关节强直 8、神经损伤 2 1、A1型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案， 并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、有关梨状肌综合征的描述哪项不对 A(下肢内旋加重症状 B(臀部局限性压痛 C(可手术松解梨状肌 D(下肢外旋加重症状 E(可局部封闭治疗 2、肩前方疼痛，肩关节活动受限，X线检查阴性。在下列治疗中最重要的是 A(针灸按摩 B(理疗、热疗 C(肩关节主动功能锻炼 D(局部注射醋酸氢化可的松 E(肩关节被动活动 3、鹰嘴滑囊炎又称 A(学生肘 B(网球肘 C(无功能肘 D(矿工肘 E(高尔夫球肘 4、髌骨软骨软化症的病理改变 A(最早发生于软骨深层 B(最早发生于软骨表层 C(最早发生于软骨边缘 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(最早发生于滑膜 E(最早发生于半月板 5、肱骨内上髁炎又称 A(学生肘 B(网球肘 C(无功能肘 D(矿工肘 E(高尔夫球肘 6、有关急性腰扭伤，下列哪项是错误的 A(主要症状是腰痛，活动受限 B(局部封闭常有效 C(常伴坐骨神经痛 D(卧硬板床休息有效 E(制动及解痉镇痛药物治疗 7、肩关节周围炎的病理变化主要发生在 A(盂肱关节周围 B(肩锁关节周围 C(三角肌 D(冈上肌 E(冈下肌 8、Perthes病最多发生于 A(4,8岁男孩 B(8,12岁女孩 C(2,4岁儿童 D(4,8岁女孩 E(8,12岁男孩 9、关于肩关节周围炎的临床特点，下列哪项是错误的 A(本病能自愈 B(本病是关节周围软组织的慢性炎症 C(疼痛、活动受限是本病的特征 D(病变的结果为关节外软组织粘连 E(本病体征以肩关节外展、外旋受限最明显 10、有关肱骨外上髁炎，下列哪项不对 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(持物无力，拧毛巾痛 B(肱骨外上髁处局限性压痛 C(X线检查正常 D(Mills试验(+) E(Hoffman征(+) 11、膝关节在伸屈时有阵阵摩擦感或半蹲试验阳性，可能为 A(外侧半月板损伤 B(内侧半月板损伤 C(髌骨软骨软化症 D(关节内游离体 E(类风湿性关节炎 12、有关胫骨结节骨软骨病的描述，下列哪项不对 A(多见于10,15岁男孩 B(治疗以减少运动量为主 C(可自愈 D(运动后症状加重 E(一般不作局部封闭治疗 13、有关腘窝囊肿，下列哪项不正确 A(又名Baker囊肿 B(一旦确诊应立即手术治疗 C(可局部穿刺、抽液、注射泼尼松 D(多发生在半膜肌腱滑囊和腓肠肌腱内侧头与半膜肌之间的滑囊 E(局部多无明显症状 14、有关狭窄性腱鞘炎，下列错误的是 A(病变不仅限于屈肌腱鞘 B(腱鞘炎局部封闭有效 C(病变部位多在拇指掌指关节掌侧 D(晨僵疼痛，活动后好转 E(局部压痛 15、腕管综合征的临床表现不包括 A(手掌桡侧半皮肤感觉障碍 B(夜间或清晨手部疼痛，活动后减轻 C(轻叩腕掌侧有过电感 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(大鱼际肌萎缩 E(Phalen试验阳性 16、髌骨软骨的营养主要来自 A(关节液 B(股四头肌的血液供应 C(关节囊的血液供应 D(髌韧带的血液供应 E(髌骨的滋养动脉 17、髌骨软骨软化症手术治疗的目的，下列错误的是 A(切除异常的髌骨，去除病灶 B(改变髌股关节的力线 C(刮除髌骨关节软骨上较小的侵蚀病灶 D(增加髌骨在关节活动过程中的稳定性 E(髌骨关节软骨已完全破坏者，可切除髌骨 18、腕管综合征是下列哪一项在腕管内受压所致 A(尺神经 B(尺动脉 C(桡神经 D(正中神经 E(桡动脉 19、髌骨软骨软化症的治疗，下列哪项是错误的 A(理疗 B(局部封闭 C(确诊后应手术治疗 D(服用消炎镇痛药 E(加强股四头肌锻炼 20、狭窄性腱鞘炎最常发生部位是 A(手与腕部 B(肘部 C(肩部 D(踝部 E(足趾部 21、关于慢性运动系统损伤的治疗，临床上最不常用的方法是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(限制致伤动作，纠正不良姿势 B(局部注射肾上腺皮质类固醇 C(理疗、按摩 D(服用消炎镇痛药 E(手术治疗 22、有关肘管综合征的叙述，下列不正确的是 A(肘管综合征是一种尺神经的慢性损伤 B(肘管综合征的最常见病因是肘外翻 C(手背尺侧、小鱼际、小指及环指尺侧感觉麻木常为首发症状 D(治疗方法为手术治疗 E(已萎缩的手部小肌肉术后可较快恢复，而手部感觉可缓慢恢复正常 2、A2型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、男，30岁。左膝关节疼痛5个月，逐渐加重，上、下楼梯困难，查体:左髌骨下缘局限性压痛，髌骨研磨试验(+)，股四头肌萎缩。X线检查未见异常，核素扫描见髌骨局限性核素浓聚。其诊断是 A(半月板损伤 B(髌韧带损伤 C(交叉韧带损伤 D(髌骨软骨软化症 E(膝关节骨关节炎 2、女，48岁。因左肩痛3个月逐渐加重，不能梳头，左肩关节外展、后伸受限，三角肌萎缩，无手臂麻木感。最可能的原因是 A(颈椎病 B(肩部肿瘤 C(肩周炎 D(肩关节结核 E(风湿性关节炎 3、男，30岁。爱骑马，近来诉左腿内侧疼痛。查:左侧胫骨近端内侧局限压痛，范围约6(0cm×6(0cm，余无异常。最可能的诊断是 A(鹅足滑囊炎 B(半月板损伤 C(交叉韧带损伤 D(内侧副韧带损伤 E(髌下滑囊炎 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 4、女，40岁。右腕关节桡侧痛渐加重，持物无力，在桡骨茎突表面压痛。要确定是否是桡骨 茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎，应作下列哪项试验 A(Thomas征 B(MeMurray征 C(Mills征 D(Finkelstein征 E(Hoffmann征 5、男，56岁。右膝关节疼痛半年，加重5天，尤以上楼梯加剧。X线检查显示膝关节退行性 改变。诊断为髌骨软骨软化症，非手术治疗首先应制动膝关节 A(1,2周 B(3,4周 C(5,6周 D(无需制动 E(制动2个月 6、女，44岁。拇指掌面基底部疼痛及弹响1年，加重2周。体格检查:该部位可扪及一小结节， 有压痛，伸屈拇指时可感到弹响。最可能的诊断是 A(腱鞘囊肿 B(皮脂腺囊肿 C(神经瘤 D(狭窄性腱鞘炎 E(滑膜瘤 7、女，32岁。右腕痛1个月，右腕桡侧可见隆起，局限性压痛(+)，可触及黄豆粒大小之结节， Finkelstein征(+)。可诊断为 A(痛风 B(风湿性关节炎 C(桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎 D(神经纤维瘤 E(腕关节结核 8、女，45岁。患右拇指狭窄性腱鞘炎2周，此时最好的治疗方法是 A(制动 B(理疗 C(泼尼松局部封闭 D(腱鞘切开术 E(局部注射抗生素 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 9、女，40岁。纺织工人，右肘关节外侧疼痛半个月，持物无力，局限性压痛。下列哪项试验最有助于诊断 A(Tinel征 B(Finkelstein征 C(Dugas征 D(Hoffmann征 E(Mills征 10、女，30岁。右肱骨外上髁炎半月，治疗后好转。预防复发的基本原则是 A(及时理疗 B(持续服用镇痛药物2周 C(限制握拳伸腕动作 D(限制屈腕动作 E(反复多次局部注射醋酸泼尼松龙 11、女，50岁。左手桡侧3个手指感觉过敏，大鱼际肌萎缩，拇指对掌无力，腕部正中神经Tinel征阳性，屈腕试验(Phalen征)阳性。其诊断应是 A(颈椎病，神经根型 B(腕部腱鞘炎 C(腕骨结核 D(腕管综合征 E(月骨无菌性坏死 12、女性，42岁。家庭妇女。右拇指活动弹响伴右拇指间关节明显疼痛半年，右拇指不能主动伸直1天。检查:右第一掌指关节掌面可及黄豆大小质硬结节，压痛明显，被动屈伸右拇指可于结节处触及弹响。可诊断为 A(右拇长屈肌腱腱鞘炎 B(肿瘤 C(风湿结节 D(腱鞘囊肿 E(骨关节病 13、男，13岁。左胫骨结节处疼痛，隆起，压痛(+)，对抗伸膝阻力时疼痛加剧。X线检查示胫骨结节骨骺增大，碎裂，周围软组织肿胀。临床诊断应是 A(胫骨结节骨骺骨折 B(股四头肌肌腱断裂 C(胫骨结节骨骺感染 D(胫骨结节骨软骨病 E(尤文肉瘤 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 14、男，13岁。初始右膝内上方疼痛，后右髋关节疼痛伴跛行2年。X线检查:右股骨头密度增高，骨骺碎裂变扁。诊断为股骨头骨软骨病，下列治疗目的中，赞误的是 A(恢复股骨头的外形 B(使股骨头完全包容在髋臼内 C(避免髋臼外上缘对股骨头的局限性压力 D(减轻对股骨头的压力 E(维持髋关节有良好的活动范围 3、B型题:以下提供若干组考题，每组考题共用在考题前列出的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个与问题关系最密切的答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。某个备选答案可能被选择一次、多次或不被选择。 A(肩部疼痛，活动受限 B(肘外侧痛并向前臂外侧放射 C(无痛性腕背侧肿块，挤压消失后又出现 D(拇指伸屈时疼痛，掌指关节掌侧可扪及小结节，有压痛 E(右臀部疼痛沿股后外侧至腘窝 1、肱骨外上髁炎可能出现的症状是 2、腱鞘囊肿可能是 3、狭窄性腱鞘炎可能是 A(肩周炎 B(颈椎病 C(胸廓出口综合征 D(肱骨外上髁炎 E(肩关节脱位 4、女，50岁。右肩部疼痛，活动受限1个月，无外伤史。体格检查发现右肱二头肌腱、三角肌及冈下肌处压痛明显，右肩关节外展及后伸受限，X线检查未见异常 5、男，55岁。乘公共汽车时右手扶在比头高的扶杆上，突然刹车时右肩部扭转后疼痛，活动障碍，出现肩部空虚及畸形 A(热敷 B(牵引 C(推拿及理疗 D(局部封闭 E(石膏外固定 6、男，22岁。跌倒后右膝疼痛，X线检查未见明显骨折。查体除内侧副韧带处明显压痛及肿胀外，无其他阳性体征。初步诊断为右膝内侧副韧带挫裂伤 7、女，48岁。右拇掌指关节处掌面疼痛伴弹响2周。体格检查:局部可扪及一小结节，压痛明显。诊断为右拇指狭窄性腱鞘炎 A(狭窄性腱鞘炎 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check B(类风湿关节炎 C(髌骨软化症 D(肩周炎 E(腰椎间盘突出症 8、女，42岁。右拇指伸屈时疼痛2个月，掌指关节掌面可触及痛性结节。诊断是 9、女，50岁。左肩疼痛，活动受限1月余。查体:左三角肌、肱二头肌肌腱压痛，双手无麻木感。诊断是 10、男，55岁。双膝关节痛3个月，上楼梯时疼痛加重，研磨试验阳性，X线检查未见异常。诊断是 A(髌骨软化症 B(颈椎病 C(肱骨外上髁炎 D(肩周炎 E(桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎 11、女，31岁。左腕关节疼痛1个月，左腕桡侧有局限性压痛，Finkelstein试验阳性。诊断是 12、男，26岁，右膝关节疼痛半个月，以髌骨下缘疼痛明显，浮髌试验阳性，X线检查未见明显异常。诊断是 13、男，31岁。右肘外侧痛2个月。用力握拳或拧毛巾时疼痛加重，右肘外侧局限性压痛，Mills征阳性。诊断是 14、女，50岁。左肩疼痛1个月，左肩关节外展、外旋、后伸活动受限。诊断是 A(桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎 B(肱骨外上髁炎 C(肩周炎 D(扳机指 E(腕关节结核 15、端东西时腕关节桡侧疼痛，桡骨茎突压痛 16、示指伸指困难伴弹响 3 1、A1型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、标志着当代护理思想和观念重大变革的是(????) A(整体护理 B(心理护理 C(基础护理 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(社区护理 E(家庭病床护理 2、医学科研道德的根本原则是(????) A(献身医学 B(造福人类 C(团结同道 D(合理保密 E(严谨治学 3、对传染病的隔离，在一定程度上使个体活动受到限制，因此，有的患者家属不理解。下面 家属提出哪点是有悖于医德要求的(????) A(有利于社会公益 B(有利于医院隔离的执行 C(有利于患者的利益 D(有利于传染病管理条例的执行 E(有利于患者的行动自由的权益 4、康复医学的主要含义包括(????) A(是临床医学学科门类的一个分支，与保健、预防、治疗医学并重，旨在提高康复治疗 效果，改善功能障碍，提高生活自理能力 B(强调功能训练、再训练 C(以残疾者和患者的功能障碍为核心 D(以改善生活质量为最终目标 E(恢复残疾者的功能和权利 5、临终关怀的目的是(????) A(治疗疾病 B(延长生命 C(实现无苦而终 D(力求起死回生 E(促使生命早日结束 6、医患关系出现物化趋势的最主要原因 A(医生对物理、化学等检测诊断手段的依赖性 B(医院分科越来越细，医生日益专科化 C(医患双方相互交流的机会减少 D(医生降低了对患者的重视 E(医患交流中出现了屏障 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 7、康复医学的特点(????) A(发展功能代偿 B(达到全面康复的目的 C(进行功能替代 D(促进患者回归社会 E(集康复评定、康复治疗、康复预防及康复治疗组的工作方法等为一体的全面医学 8、医学伦理的"尊重"原则不包括(????) A(尊重患者及其家属的自主性或决定 B(尊重患者的一切主观意愿 C(治疗要获得患者的知情同意 D(保守患者的秘密 E(保守患者的隐私 9、为了切实做到尊重患者自主性决定，医生向患者提供信息时要避免(????) A(2型题 B(诱导 C(开导 D(适度 E(适量 10、国际护理学会1973年修订的《国际护士伦理守则》中，规定护士的基本职责哪项除外(????) A(增进健康 B(恢复健康 C(治愈疾病 D(预防疾病 E(减轻痛苦 11、在社会和医学实践中争议最大的是(????) A(被动安乐死的实施 B(主动安乐死的实施 C(自愿安乐死的实施 D(非自愿安乐死的实施 E(临终关怀 12、人体实验的道德原则中维护受试者权益是指(????) A(人体实验的危险应该是很小的 B(人体实验的危险不能超过实验带来的利益 C(人体实验应该是没有风险的 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(人体实验应该以不损害人们的健康为前提 E(人体实验应该预测到所有的风险和预期的价值 13、某大医院眼科医生第2天要为一位患者做角膜移植手术，当天晚上发现准备的角膜不见了，若患者第2天做不了手术，将有完全失明的危险，于是该医生到医院太平间偷偷摘取了一位刚刚死亡患者的角膜。第2天，手术很成功。但不久，死亡患者的家属发现角膜不见了，状告了该医生。关于这起案件，下列哪种说法是正确的(????) A(该医生没有征得死亡病人家属同意，自行摘走角膜，违反了知情同意权 B(该医生为了抢救患者才摘走角膜，他的做法没有错误 C(该病人已死亡，不用征求家属的同意 D(医生有自主权摘走角膜，但最好跟家属商量一下 E(该医生不用请示上级同意，也不用和家属商量 14、医疗卫生工作者整体素质的核心内容是() A(专业技能素质和人文素质 B(医学道德素质和人文素质 C(专业技能素质和医学道德素质 D(医学理论素质和医学技能素质 E(医学道德素质和医学法学素质 15、1932年到1972年间，美国研究者随访了400名贫穷的身患梅毒的非裔美国黑人，以了解梅毒的发展过程。虽然当时青霉素已经普遍使用，而且价格并不昂贵，但是研究人并不对其采用青霉素治疗，而是给予安慰剂，以观察在不用药物的情况下梅毒会如何发展。医学伦理的角度，下列分析合理的是(????) A(研究人员为了医学科学的发展而进行研究，是道德的 B(研究人员选择"贫穷的患了梅毒的非裔美国黑人"作为受试者，表明了对弱势人群的关注，是道德的 C(研究人员没有让受试者使用青霉素治疗梅毒，违背了有利原则 D(研究人员让受试者服用"安慰剂"，所以实验是道德的 E(研究人员的目的是为了了解梅毒的发展过程，因此，未给受试者使用青霉素治疗是道德的 16、医德实践的具体内容不包括(????) A(医德评价 B(医德 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 体系 C(医德教育 D(医德修养 E(以上都不是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 17、据报道，现在有些医院已采取了一些隔离措施，使体格检查置于一个相对封闭的环境中，以免受检患者曝光于众人面前。更确切地说这些措施反映了医院和医生哪一种医德意识(????) A(服务意识 B(管理意识 C(保护患者隐私意识 D(有利于患者的意识 E(热爱医学事业的意识 18、慎独要求中根本性的认识是(????) A(无人监督时注意不违背医德 B(别人无法监督时注意不违背医德 C(有错误思想干扰时注意加以抵制 D(坚持从小事上点点滴滴做起 E(坚持医德修养的高度自觉性、坚定性、一贯性 19、在人体实验中，以犯人为受试者，认识正确的是 A(在任何情况下，都不允许以犯人作为受试者 B(只要有犯人的签字同意，以犯人为受试者可以得到伦理的辩护 C(一般情况下，是不允许用犯人做实验的，即使使用犯人作为受试者，必须首先考察是否具备受试者的条件 D(犯人是犯了罪的人，用他们作受试者，是给他们一个为社会做贡献从而改过自新的机会 E(应该按照公安部门的安排进行 20、医学伦理的"有利"原则不包括(????) A(努力使患者受益 B(关心患者的客观利益和主观利益 C(选择受益最大，伤害最小的行动 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 D(努力预防或减少难以避免的伤害 E(把患者的利益看得高于一切 21、一位3岁患儿因急性茵痢住进医院，经治疗本已好转，即将出院。其父母觉得小儿虚弱，要求输血。碍于情面，医生同意了。可护士为了快点交班，提议给予静脉推注输血。当时病儿哭闹，医护齐动手给他输血，在输血过程中病儿突发心跳骤停死亡。此案例中医护人员的伦理过错是(????) A(无知，无原则，违背了有利患者的原则 B(无知，无原则，违背了人道主义原则 C(曲解家属自主权，违反 操作规程 操作规程下载怎么下载操作规程眼科护理技术滚筒筛操作规程中医护理技术操作规程 ，违背了有利患者的原则 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(曲解家属自主权，违反操作规程，违背了不伤害患者的原则 E(曲解家属自主权，违反操作规程，违背了人道主义原则 22、当医疗资源的微观分配发生矛盾时，应优先把有限的卫生资源分配给(????) A(病情严重的人 B(年龄大的患者 C(经济条件差的患者 D(生命质量高、价值大的人 E(经济条件好的人 23、通过"对医学道德规范的意识"确定医学道德规范，这是 A(具体医学伦理难题 B(抽象医学道德评价 C(具体医学道德评价 D(抽象医学伦理难题 E(社会医学伦理问题 24、一位年轻的未婚妇女因子宫出血过多住院。患者主诉子宫出血与她的月经有关，去年就发生过几次。医师按照其主诉施行相应的治疗。一位正在妇科实习的护士和患者很谈得来，成为无话不谈的好朋友。在一次聊天中谈及病情时，患者说自己是因为服用了流产药物而造成的出血不止，并要求这位护士为她保密。根据上述描述，实习护士应该(????) A(遵守保密原则，不将患者真情告诉医生 B(因为不会威胁到患者的生命，所以应该保密 C(拒绝为她保密的要求 D(为了患者的治疗，应该说服患者将真实情况告诉医生，但一定要为患者保密 E(了解病因、病史是医生的事，与护士无关，所以，应尊重患者的决定 25、下列哪一项不属于医德意识现象(????) A(医德观念 B(医德情感 C(医德信念 D(医德意志 E(医德评价 26、27岁的教师林某从不吃面包、乳酪或任何舍有酵母菌的食物，以大量糖分或蜂蜜腌渍的果脯也被拒于千里之外，因为她相信太多酵母茵对身体有害。2年前某医师为林某检查身体认为吃进太多酵母茵，导致体内阴阳严重失调。医师为林某开出一份完全不含酵母茵的菜单。林某在奉行该菜单一年后，患上严重的营养不良症，并对许多食物都产生了过敏反应。她的体重由原先的52kg减至40kg，不时产生晕厥症状，体力也在持续衰退中。从健康道德方面分析，下述哪一项是错误的(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(如此不平衡的饮食规划，戕害健康是理所当然的。 B(健康是第一位的，没有了健康，任何事情都等于零。 C(医师为了让林某达到减肥的目的，不顾病人的健康。 D(目前没有任何医学证据证明酵母菌会影响健康。 E(为了身材好看，可以拒绝摄食酵母菌。 27、东汉名医华佗医技高明，朝廷曾多次召他进宫作官，但均被他拒绝，最后惹怒曹操，竞 被投入监狱惨遭杀害。从这个案例体现了华佗的医德思想是(????) A(不怕艰苦 B(不分贵贱 C(不畏权势 D(不断进取 E(不图钱财 28、明末清初有一位文人叫杨思坚，病危，临终前要求名医傅青主诊治，当时适值酷暑时节， 又有数百里之遥，傅青主得知这一消息，立即前往救治，经受日晒雨淋，整整五天五夜才赶 到。这个案例说明了我国古代医学家哪方面的传统医德(????) A(一心赴救 B(精勤不倦 C(不分贵贱 D(科学严谨 E(清廉正直 29、生命伦理学研究的主要内容是() A(义务论 B(公益论 C(公平理论 D(生命道德理论 E(生命科学 30、下面关于医务人员泄露医疗秘密，将会产生不良后果的表述，不包括 A(会引起社会某些人对患者的歧视 B(会使患者对医务人员产生不信任和恐惧感 C(会引起医患矛盾、家庭纠纷 D(会造成患者沉重心理负担，甚至引发自杀的严重后果 E(会酿成医疗差错事故 31、医院伦理委员会功能哪项除外(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(政策研究功能 B(咨询服务功能 C(教育培训功能 D(审查监督功能 E(代理功能 32、医德规范的本质是指(????) A(医疗卫生行政官员对医务人员提出的基本道德要求 B(医务人员对自己提出的基本道德要求 C(患者对医务人员提出的基本道德要求 D(医务人员在医学活动中的道德行为和道德关系普遍规律的反应 E(患者在医学活动中的道德行为和道德关系普遍规律的反应 33、目前，我国应用的死亡标准是(????) A(心肺死亡 B(脑死亡 C(心肺与脑死亡 D(深度昏迷 E(呼吸停止标准 34、某医疗辅助生殖技术机构在没有通知某当事人的情况下，将其冷冻保存精子为一患者提 供了人工授精技术，该机构违背了哪项伦理原则(????) A(有利于供受者的原则 B(知情同意的原则 C(社会公益原则 D(保密原则 E(保护后代的原则 35、以下关于"不伤害"原则的表达不正确的是(????) A(无损伤 B(尽可能避免身体方面的伤害 C(尽可能避免生理方面的伤害 D(尽可能避免心理方面的伤害 E(避免道德伤害 36、某女患者头痛数月，遇到感冒和月经来潮时疼痛加重。出于彻底检查的目的到医院坚决 要求做CT检查，被医师拒绝。医师开出脑电图检查单和请耳鼻喉科会诊单，患者很不满意。 为构建和谐医患关系，该医师应该(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(维持契约关系，完全按患者要求办，开单做CT检查 B(维持契约关系，坚决按医生意见办，待脑电图检查后再定 C(维持契约信托关系，说服患者先行体格检查，然后酌情处理 D(维持信托关系，对不信赖者拒绝接诊 E(维持信托关系，先做CT和脑电图并进行会诊，然后体检 37、我国提倡通过何种途径获得供体移植器官(????) A(自愿捐献 B(互换器官 C(器官买卖 D(强行摘取 E(其他途径 38、我国古代医德，无论是医疗，还是护理，主要受到哪家思想的影响(????) A(道家 B(儒家 C(法家 D(墨家 E(儒家和道家 39、孙思邈不仅认真学习，而且在碰到疑难病无法治疗时，也从不畏缩，而是勤于思考，深入研究，尽力找出治疗的办法。有一次，一个病人得了尿闭症(尿潴留)不能小便，急忙找来孙思邈治疗。孙思邈看他的小肚子涨得那么厉害，心想，吃药怕来不及了，便想找一根管子插进尿道试验。想到葱管又空而且又软又细，不妨用它来试试，便要了一根细葱，在葱叶的一头切去少许，细心地慢慢地插进了病人的尿道，再用劲一吹，不一会儿，尿果然沿着葱管流了出来，病人胀大的小肚子慢慢地瘪了下去，病人尿闭症的痛苦顿时消失。孙思邈是最早使用导尿术治疗尿潴留的人。这体现了孙恩邈哪方面的医德品格(????) A(赤诚济世 B(勇于创新 C(淡泊名利 D(舍己救人 E(不怕艰苦 40、某医师在为患者施行右侧乳房肿瘤摘除术时，发现左侧乳房也有肿瘤，当即进行活检，确诊为乳腺病。医师判断将来可能癌变，未征求患者意见，同时切除了左侧乳房。医师的这种做法，违背了病人权利的哪一点(????) A(平等的医疗权 B(保密权 C(隐私权 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(知情同意权 E(获得信息权 41、医学伦理学最突出的特征是() A(实践性、继承性 B(时代性、人道性 C(人道性、全人类性 D(全人类性、继承性 E(人道性、实践性 42、下列表述最能全面反映伦理学概念内涵的是 A(研究职业道德现象的科学 B(研究政治道德现象的科学 C(研究道德现象的科学 D(研究婚姻家庭道德现象的科学 E(研究社会公德的科学 43、体现医师克已美德的做法是(????) A(风险大的治疗尽量推给别人 B(点名手术无论大小能做多少就做多少 C(只要是对患者有利的要求有求必应 D(只要是患者的要求有求必应 E(对患者有利而又无损自我利益的才去做 44、选择器官移植受者的首位标准是(????) A(受者在家庭中的地位 B(受者过去的成就 C(受者未来可能的贡献 D(移植的禁忌证与适应证 E(受者的经济承受能力 45、在人体实验中合乎伦理的是(????) A(受试者有权知道自己是试验组还是对照组 B(受试者只要参加实验，就不得退出 C(患者作为受试者退出人体实验后，其疾病的治疗不应受到影响 D(可预见的不良反应也在赔偿之列 E(以无行为能力的人作为受试者，不需要贯彻知情同意原则 46、目前广泛应用的人类生育控制技术不包括(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(避孕 B(人工流产 C(绝育 D(产前优生学诊断 E(克隆 47、道德最显著的特征是() A(继承性 B(实践性 C(自律性 D(他律性 E(客观性 48、在使用药物进行治疗的过程中，医生恰当的做法是(????) A(使用能为医院和医生带来较高回报的药物 B(药物使用与选择是医生的权利，不用征求患者的意见 C(为了尽快取得效果，加大药物剂量 D(按需用药，考虑效价比 E(联合使用多种药物，力求最佳效果 49、1968年世界医学会规定了医生确定死亡的道德责任和器官移植的道德原则是(????) A(《赫尔辛基宣言》 B(《日内瓦宣言》 C(《东京宣言》 D(《夏威夷宣言》 E(《悉尼宣言》 50、2000年6月，美、英、日、法、德、中六国公布:人类基因组序列图的"工作框架图"绘出。2001年2月12日，六国又联合公布了经过整理、分类和排序后更加准确、清晰、完整的人类基因组图谱。这一成就将为解释人类疾病的本原、新药的设计、新治疗方法的产生提供重要依据，它奠定了21世纪医学生物学和其他相关科学飞速发展的基础。同时人们也担心，这项成果如果用于危害人类研究，其后果也是不可设想的。上述情况表达的最主要思想是(????) A(科学技术进步的力量是无穷的 B(道德在科学技术进步面前是无能为力的 C(现代医学科学发展需要医学道德把关 D(医学道德制约了医学科学的发展 E(基因科学的发展是解决人类全部健康问题的根本 51、临终关怀的道德要求中，下列适度治疗的原则哪一项是正确的(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(解除痛苦、无痛苦地死去 B(完全放弃治疗 C(以延长生命过程的治疗为主 D(以治疗疾病为主 E(加速患者死亡 52、下列著作中，属于张仲景的著作是(????) A(《伤寒杂病论》 B(《外科正宗》 C(《备急千金要方》 D(《张氏医通?医家十戒》 E(以上都不是 53、在人体实验中使用对照组、安慰剂和双盲法(????) A(是人体实验的重要方法 B(是对病人的一种欺骗 C(是违背人道主义原则的 D(是违背知情同意原则的 E(会损害受试者利益 54、卫生资源分配的最基本的伦理道德准则是(????) A(公平公正原则 B(生命价值原则 C(优先原则 D(效益原则 E(不伤害原则 55、一护士遵照医嘱给某病人服药，待病人服药后该护士才想起给患者服错了药，就漫不经 心地站在走廊一头对另一头的护士大喊:"老张头儿吃错药了～"此话被患者听到后，急忙自己 寻来肥皂水喝下打算把"错药"呕吐出来，结果引发了严重呕吐加上心力衰竭当场死亡。事后经 查吃错的药是维生素B。对此案，下列说法是正确的有(????) A(维生素B是有益身体健康的，吃错了无妨 B(患者去喝肥皂水致死，这是他自己的责任，不关医护人员的事 C(医护人员的语言和行为都要从有利于患者和不伤害患者的角度出发 D(病人缺乏相应的医学知识而造成了这样的恶果 E(护士不应该把真相说出来 56、患者冯某先是食欲不振，后来出现右上腹疼痛、巩膜等黄染。经医院诊断是肝癌晚期， 护士小张选择的应是(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(对患者有什么说什么，实情相知 B(只通知家属，并配合家属一起鼓励和关怀患者 C(向患者、家属同时宣布病情并安慰病人想吃什么就吃什么 D(将诊断书交给患者，隐瞒部分实情 E(对患者和家属均采取保密，待病情危重时再告诉家属 57、医学科研的根本目的是(????) A(揭示生命活动的本质和规律 B(认识疾病发生、发展过程 C(寻找诊治疾病的有效途径 D(探求增进健康的方法 E(维护和增进人类健康，造福人类 58、医学与医学伦理学的关系是() A(医学实践活动是医学伦理学产生的结果 B(医学实践活动是医学伦理学的尺度和方式 C(医学道德是医学工作者实现为人类健康服务的保障 D(只要技术过硬就能够实现全心全意为人民健康服务的目的 E(在现代医学科学研究中医学道德服从医学成果 59、一名护士发现自己给患者发错了药，不知如何是好，请帮助她选择最佳行为(????) A(报告护士长，立即调换药品，并向患者致歉 B(通知患者，请求谅解 C(不让任何人知道，神不知鬼不觉，侥幸心理 D(只报告护士长，不调换药品 E(不报告护士长，也不调换药品 60、下列关于审慎的理解，最正确的是(????) A(周密谨慎 B(谨小慎微 C(认真负责 D(全神贯注 E(瞻前顾后 61、在第二次世界大战期间，德国纳粹和日本军国主义者强行用战俘、妇女、儿童和犹太人 做医学试验。这一行为正确的伦理判断是(????) A(该研究是为了增进医学对人体的了解 B(该研究是当时战争时期的特殊需要 C(参加试验的医学工作者也是迫于无奈，不得已而为之 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(该行为违背了医学科研的根本目的 E(该行为虽然偏离了医学科研的正确方向，但也为医学研究积累了一定的经验 62、关于医学道德规范，1988年中华人民共和国卫生部首次颁布了(????) A(《医院工作人员守则》 B(《医务人员医德规范及实施办法》 C(《中华人民共和国执业医师法》 D(《全国医院工作条例》 E(以上都包括 63、医学伦理学原则不包括 A(公正原则 B(有利原则 C(不伤害原则 D(生命价值原则 E(尊重原则 64、在高干病房，一些医护人员称呼患者总是用"赵书记"、"钱局长"等，语调适中，而到了一 般病房，称呼就换成了"3床"、"做肠透视的"等，话语十分生硬。从深层次上说，此类现象的 本质和解决措施是(????) A(敬业精神差，应加强管理 B(语言不文明，应加强培训 C(尊重意识差，应加强教育 D(公正意识差，应加强教育 E(服务意识差，应加强教育 65、我国提出建立医院伦理委员会的主张是哪一年代(????) A(20世纪20年代 B(20世纪60年代 C(20世纪80年代 D(20世纪90年代 E(21世纪初 66、国际上最早对人体实验制定基本国际准则的医德文献是(????) A(《希波克拉底誓言》 B(《赫尔辛基宣言》 C(《纽伦堡法典》 D(《日内瓦协议》 E(《东京宣言》 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 67、下列处理医际关系的原则不正确的是(????) A(彼此平等、相互尊重 B(彼此独立、相互支持和帮助 C(彼此协作、力争最大的经济效益 D(彼此信任、相互协作和监督 E(相互学习、共同提高和发挥优势 68、扁鹊的医学知识十分丰富，名闻天下。为了给百姓治病，他长期游历在民间行医。他每 到一个地方，总是注意了解当地的风俗习惯和多发病、常见病。据记载，他路过赵国时作"带 下病"医(妇产科医生)，路过周国时作耳目痹医(五官科医生)，后来到秦国又为小儿医(小儿科 医生)。为了方便群众，他什么病都看，随当地风俗而变，走到哪里，就满足那里人民的需要， 深受百姓的欢迎。这种"随俗为变"反映的医德思想是(????) A(仁爱救人 B(妙手回春 C(清正廉洁 D(不为名利 E(谨慎认真 69、下列关于护理道德本质的描述不正确的是(????) A(护理道德是一种社会意识形态 B(护理科学发展的快慢对护理道德影响不大 C(护理道德是一种职业道德 D(护理道德受一定的社会经济关系的制约 E(护理道德受社会道德的制约 70、市场经济对医学实践有负效应，主要是因为(????) A(市场经济的自主性 B(市场经济的竞争性 C(市场经济的开放性 D(市场经济的平等性 E(市场经济的求利性 71、被称为"西医之父"的医学家是(????) A(迈蒙尼提斯 B(帕茨瓦尔 C(阿维森纳 D(希波克拉底 E(胡佛兰德 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 72、某中年男患者因心脏病发作被送到急诊室，症状及检查结果均明确提示心肌梗死。患者此时很清醒，但由于费用等原因，患者拒绝住院，坚持回家。此时医生应该(????) A(尊重患者自主权，同意他回家，医生无任何责任 B(尊重患者自主权，但应尽力劝导患者住院，无效时办好相关手续 C(尊重患者自主权，但应尽力劝导患者住院，无效时行使干涉权 D(行使医生自主权，为救治患者强行留患者住院 E(行使医生特殊干涉权，强行把患者留在医院 73、人体实验(????) A(只要医学研究需要就可进行 B(只要经过大量、可靠的动物实验后就可进行 C(只要课题组论证充分就可进行 D(研究者应将有关信息向伦理委员会提供以供审查，如果来不及报告，可以补审 E(课题组必须上报完整、严谨的报告，经专家组向上级主管部门按规定程序审批后方可进行 74、下列关于医师良心具有的特点不包括(????) A(是存在于医师意识之中对患者和社会负责的道德责任感 B(是医师在内心深处进行自我评价的能力 C(是医师对自己行为进行自我判断和评价的心理过程 D(是建立在医师主观意识的基础上的，与医疗实践无必然联系 E(是多种道德心理因素在个人意识中的有机结合 75、教育者向受教育的医务人员传授医学道德规范的医学道德教育方法是 A(言教 B(奖惩 C(身教 D(榜样 E(引领学生进行实践 76、社会舆论是医德评价的重要方式之一，下列除哪一项之外，都是可取的(????) A(医德方面的社会舆论就是世人对医疗卫生工作评论，它必须有一定人群数量，对某一 问题有明确看法 B(医德社会舆论中必须是多数人有共同看法，少数人看法形不成社会舆论 C(医德社会舆论有二部分，一部分是有领导、有组织地就医疗卫生某思想观点的讨论， 另一部分是自发形成的某一看法 D(医德社会舆论的抑扬、褒贬是一种无形的精神力量，在道德评价中起着十分特殊的作 用 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check E(有些医务人员采取用药、休假迁就患者不合理的要求，以取悦患者来获取好的医德社 会舆论 77、中华人民共和国卫生部颁布的《医务人员医德规范及实施办法》这一文献的基本精神是(????) A(对患者一视同仁 B(文明礼貌服务 C(廉洁行医 D(为患者保守医密 E(实行社会主义人道主义 78、整体护理具有如下意义，但不包括(????) A(改变了"医生的嘴，护士的腿"的工作局面 B(密切了护患关系 C(调动护士的工作积极性 D(树立"以病人为中心"的护理理念 E(丰富了护理理论与实践内容 79、一天傍晚，某医院急诊科送来一突发急病、身份不明、无家属陪送的患者，患者目前严重损伤伴休克。此时医护人员应该(????) A(找到家属并来院后再抢救 B(待查明损伤原因后再抢救 C(等交足了预付金后再抢救 D(交足一定医药费后再抢救 E(在仔细分析病情的同时，争分夺秒地抢救 80、患者，男，2006年大学毕业，同年5月右腿麻木，8月左腿也麻木，9月出现行走困难，?11月在当地医院行手术探查为T2、3脊髓血管畸形后关闭。在手术探查伤口愈合期间病情加重，出现胸以下感觉异常，双下肢瘫痪，大小便失禁。2007年2月11号转某大医院诊疗，诊断为T2、3脊髓畸形，神经外科医生叫患者放弃，说做不做都会瘫痪。但患者家属执意要求医生为其孩子做手术。上述病例从伦理学上分析，下述哪一个说法是正确的(????) A(医生的说法是正确的 B(医生应耐心给家属解释此病的危害，叫患者家属接受事实 C(医生的做法是错误的，他应尽医生最大的责任给予治疗，将损害减少到最低限度 D(患者家属应听从医生的安排 E(以上都不对 81、《本草纲目》为后人留下了较完备的医药知识，人们在秉承这些医药知识的同时，其作者在行医时常为病人送药、煎药、喂药的高尚医德更为后人所称道，此人为(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(孙思邈 B(张仲景 C(李时珍 D(龚延贤 E(喻昌 82、在我国实施辅助生殖技术，违背卫生部制定的伦理原则的是(????) A(使用捐赠的精子 B(使用亲属代孕 C(使用卵泡浆内单精注射 D(使用捐赠的卵子 E(使用捐赠的胚胎 83、患者林某，男，46岁，因双侧扁桃体反复感染伴化脓发热到某医院就诊。医生考虑病情给他开了价格昂贵的新型抗生素，患者根据自己的经济状况要求改用平时常用的较便宜而有效的清热解毒的中药或青霉素。对此案进行伦理学分析，正确的是(????) A(医生有决定如何用药权 B(医生有用药决定权，患者的要求是无道理的 C(医生应向患者解释为何使用新型抗生素，若患者不同意应考虑患者的要求 D(当医生的权利与患者的权利发生冲突时，必须绝对服从患者的要求 E(在治疗过程中，患者有拒绝治疗权，医生应当给患者换药 84、下列关于医学模式的说法，哪一项是错误的(????) A(生物医学模式是建立在近代生物学、化学、物理学和社会实践基础之上的医学模式 B(生物医学模式认为任何一种疾病都可在器官、细胞或生物大分子上找到可测量的、形态的或化学的改变 C(医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变在本质上反映了医学道德的进步 D(生物医学模式对人类健康、疾病的认识是片面的，没有对医学起推动作用 E(20世纪下半叶开始，医学模式由生物医学模式逐渐转变为生物-心理-社会医学模式 85、主动安乐死是指(????) A(放弃抢救濒死者生命的措施任其死亡 B(患者自己结束痛苦的生命 C(家属结束患者痛苦的生命 D(对濒死病人给予适当的维持治疗使其安然死亡 E(对治愈无望的患者，利用人工干预的医学方法加速其死亡 86、某老年患者身患肺癌晚期，生命垂危，家属明确要求不惜一切代价地进行抢救，医护人员应该(????) application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(尊重家属意见，不惜一切代价地进行抢救 B(实施积极安乐死 C(实施消极安乐死 D(说服家属彻底放弃治疗与抢救 E(有限度地治疗和抢救 87、对医师是"仁者"最准确的理解是(????) A(医师应该关心和爱护患者 B(医师应该是伦理学家 C(医师应该正确处理好与患者的关系 D(医师应该具有高尚的道德 E(医师应该精通儒家学说 88、“医乃仁术”指的是() A(道德是医学活动中的一般现象 B(道德是医学的本质特征 C(道德是医学的个别性质 D(道德是个别医务人员的追求 E(道德是医学的非本质要求 89、当代医学科学研究和创新的"双刃剑"效应是指() A(当代医学科学研究和创新带来了医学的进步 B(当代医学科学研究和创新带来了道德的退步 C(当代医学科学研究和创新促进了人类健康 D(当代医学科学研究和创新可能用于危害人类健康 E(当代医学科学研究和创新既有促进人类健康的价值又有用于危害人类健康的可能 90、《大医精诚》的作者是(????) A(刘完素 B(孙思邈 C(张仲景 D(林逋 E(李时珍 91、关于生殖权利错误的是(????) A(人权的一个基本组成部分 B(是人的自然权利 C(是人类的生存和延续所不可缺少的 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(在保护生殖权利与调节人口之间存在着矛盾 E(有悖于我国计划生育原则 92、患者王某，7岁，患急性淋巴性白血病，接受治疗3个月，病情没有改善。医生征求其父 母的意见，问是否愿意使用一种价格较贵的新药，其父母经过考虑，表示同意。因为从未使 用过这种药物，也不知道这种药物的效果如何，所以医生决定谨慎使用，严格监控，结果表 明，使用这种药物后的效果不明显。从医学伦理的角度分析，正确的是(????) A(医生使用新药，应该征得王某本人的同意 B(该项治疗属试验性治疗 C(效果不明显，与医师使用药物过于谨慎有关 D(因为使用药物后的效果不明显，所以医师的行为不道德 E(医生使用新药物应该征得主管领导批准 93、以病人为中心的管理理念以下说法不妥的是(????) A(从以技术管理为核心，转向为以病人的满意度管理为核心 B(根据百姓的需求、期望来制定技术标准和服务标准，设计服务流程 C(泛指病人管理的每一个环节 D(强调对病人的服务态度和医患沟通技巧 E(重视第一线服务人员的素质 94、关于"全脑死亡"的定义错误的是(????) A(大脑、中脑、小脑和脑干的不可逆的死亡 B(呼吸停止、瞳孔对光反射消失 C(通常不能维持很长时间 D(大脑皮质和脑干死亡 E(以上都不存在 95、医务人员进行自我道德评价的方式是(????) A(名誉 B(动机 C(良心 D(效果 E(感觉 96、评价医德行为善恶的根本标准是(????) A(患者的个人意见 B(患者家属的意见 C(新闻媒体的认定 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(有利于患者康复、有利于医学发展、有利于人类生存环境的改善 E(社会主义医德规范体系 97、1791年，英国医生帕茨瓦尔为曼彻斯特医院起草了《医院及医务人员行动守则》，1803年他又出版了《医学伦理学》一书。这标志着作为学科形态的医学伦理学的诞生。这一情况说明了(????) A(伦理道德源自于创造者的灵感 B(伦理道德源自于人们的客观实践 C(伦理道德源自于神对创造者的启示 D(伦理道德源自于创造者的感觉欲望 E(伦理道德源自于动物本能的直接延续 98、现代临终关怀事业的创始人是(????) A(英国的南丁格尔 B(美国的库布勒一罗斯 C(英国的桑德斯 D(美国的史密斯 E(德国的康德 99、相传张仲景在50岁左右的时候，曾担任过湖南长沙的太守。在这个时期内，他始终没有忘记自己是一个医生，仍然积极地为百姓诊治疾病。按照当时封建 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 的规定，太守是不允许进入民间屋舍的，更不能私下随便给病人看病。为了能及时抢救病人，他想出了个主意，每逢初一和十五两天，便大开衙门，不问政事，让有病的群众进来，他坐在公堂上给病人治病。时间长了，形成了惯例，每逢初一，十五的日子，各方病人都聚集在衙门前候诊，始被人称为"坐堂大夫"。以后中药铺皆以"堂"为名，原因据说就在这里。张仲景去世后，长沙百姓在迎盘街修建了张公四祠，以表达人们对他的爱戴和怀念。这个案例反映的医德思想是(????) A(为民请命 B(不畏权贵 C(精益求精 D(忠于医业 E(勇于创新 100、关于临终关怀正确的是(????) A(治疗和护理并重 B(重治疗，轻护理 C(重护理，轻治疗 D(重病人，轻家属 E(促使病人早日结束生命 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 4 1、B型题:以下提供若干组考题，每组考题共用在考题前列出的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答 案。请从中选择一个与问题关系最密切的答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的 方框涂黑。某个备选答案可能被选择一次、多次或不被选择。 A(?度8,烧伤 B(?度46,烧伤 C(?度30,烧伤 D(?度20,烧伤 E(?度9,烧伤 1、属于轻度烧伤的是 2、属于中度烧伤的是 3、属于重度烧伤的是 4、属于特重度烧伤的是 A(4,5天拆线 B(6,7天拆线 C(7,9天拆线 D(10,12天拆线 E(14天拆线 5、头、面、颈部 6、减张缝合 7、下腹部、会阴部 8、上腹部、背部、臀部 9、四肢 A(烷化剂 B(亚硝胺类 C(苏铁索 D(氨基偶氮类 E(氯乙烯 10、肺癌的发生与哪项化学因素有关 11、胃癌的发生与哪项化学因素有关 12、肝癌的发生与哪项化学因素有关 13、膀胱癌的发生与哪项化学因素有关 14、人肝血管肉瘤的发生与哪项化学因素有关 A(铜绿假单胞菌 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check B(变形杆菌 C(拟杆菌 D(大肠杆菌 E(链球菌 15、常存在于鼻咽部，肠腔内，脓液稀薄、不臭 16、常存在于肠道内、前尿道，脓液具有特殊的恶臭 17、常存在于口腔、胃肠道和外生殖道，脓液有恶臭味，普通细菌培养为阴性，涂片可找到 革兰阴性杆菌 A(B病毒 B(纯疱疹病毒 C(肝病毒 D(C型RNA病毒 E(埃及血吸虫 18、与鼻咽癌有关 19、与白血病有关 20、与肝癌有关 21、与子宫颈癌有关 22、与膀胱癌有关 A(290,310mmol,L B(135,145mmol,L C(3(5,5_5mmol,L D(7(35,7(45mmol,L E(2(25,2(75mmol,L 23、血浆渗透压正常值为 24、血清钾正常值为 25、血清钠正常值为 26、血清钙正常值为 27、动脉血浆的pH值 A(卡介苗 B(基因疫苗 C(异体疫苗 D(细胞因子 E(转移因子 28、属于非特异性免疫疗法 29、属于特异性免疫疗法 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(适用于治疗因粒细胞减少而抗生素治疗无效的严重感染 B(适用于多次输血后产生白细胞凝集抗体而有发热反应的贫血 C(适用于器官移植、尿毒症以及血液透析的病人 D(适用于老年、或合并有心功能不全、或儿童的慢性贫血 E(适用于严重的再生障碍性贫血、输大量库血或体外循环心脏手术后血小板锐减 30、少含白细胞红细胞 31、洗涤红细胞 32、血小板 A(1kcal B(2kcal C(4kcal D(5kcal E(9kcal 33、每克脂肪提供热量为 34、每克糖类提供热量为 35、每克蛋白质提供热量为 A(由于各种原因引起肠腔变狭小，因而使肠内容物通过障碍 B(由于神经反射或毒素刺激引起肠壁肌功能紊乱，以致肠内容物不能正常运行 C(由于肠系膜血管栓塞或血栓形成而导致 D(梗阻并伴有血运障碍 E(一段肠袢两端完全阻塞 36、闭袢性肠梗阻 37、绞窄性肠梗阻 38、机械性肠梗阻 A(高压蒸汽灭菌法 B(煮沸灭菌法 C(火烧法 D(电离辐射 E(紫外线 39、手术衣灭菌时可采用 40、室内空气灭菌时可采用 41、塑料注射器灭菌时可采用 A(A型血病人 B(B型血病人 C(0型血病人 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(O型或B型血病人 E(0型或A型血病人 42、接受A型血的包括 43、接受B型血的包括 A(低渗性脱水 B(等渗性缺水 C(高渗性缺水 D(高血钾 E(低血钾 44、腹腔内或腹膜后感染常引起 45、胃肠道消化液持续丢失和大创面慢性渗液引起 A(乳房肿胀疼痛甚至呈搏动性，患处出现有压痛的肿块，表面皮肤红热，同时可有体温升高 B(原发于大乳管内，渐移行至乳头，起初乳头刺痒，灼痛，接着出现湿疹样病变，乳头和乳 晕的皮肤糜烂、潮湿，有时覆盖有黄褐色的鳞屑样痂皮 C(乳房胀痛呈周期性，发生于月经前期，肿块可局限于乳房的一部分，或分散于整个乳房， 在经期后可能缩小，腋窝淋巴结不肿大 D(发生于大乳管近乳头的膨大部分，瘤体一般较小，带蒂且有绒毛，乳头易出现血性溢液 E(常为乳房单发肿块，好发于外上象限，质韧，边界清楚，表面光滑，易推动，月经周期对肿 块大小无影响 46、乳房纤维腺瘤 47、Paget病 48、乳腺囊性增生病 A(葡萄球菌 B(大肠杆菌 C(铜绿假单胞菌 D(变形杆菌 E(溶血性链球菌 49、原发性腹膜炎的病原茵是 50、继发性腹膜炎的病原茵是 51、骨科手术感染的常见细菌是 A(吸氧 B(输血 C(保持呼吸道通畅 D(循环系统支持 E(呼吸系统支持 52、严重创伤抢救ABC中，A指的是 53、严重创伤抢救ABC中，B指的是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 54、严重创伤抢救ABC中，C指的是 A(环磷酰胺 B(甲氨蝶呤 C(阿霉素 D(长春新碱 E(他莫昔芬 55、化疗药物属于细胞毒素类药物的是 56、化疗药物属于抗代谢类药物的是 57、化疗药物属于抗生素类药物的是 58、化疗药物属于生物碱类药物的是 A(痈 B(疖 C(丹毒 D(淋巴管炎 E(急性蜂窝织炎 59、伤口附近皮肤出现"红线"是 60、病变区与正常皮肤界限清楚 61、相邻多个毛囊及其所属皮脂腺的急性化脓性感染 A(红肿病灶与正常组织无明显界限 B(有波动感和压痛 C(感染灶质地坚韧，表面有多个黄色脓点 D(全身不同部位有多个毛囊和皮脂腺的炎症 E(病灶呈片状红晕，边界清楚、压痛 62、蜂窝织炎 63、痈 64、丹毒 65、脓肿 66、疖 A(良性肿瘤 B(交界性肿瘤 C(恶性肿瘤 D(肿瘤样病变 E(继发性肿瘤 67、黑色素瘤属于 68、皮肤乳头状疣属于 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 69、脂肪瘤属于 A(对放疗高度敏感 B(对放疗中度敏感 C(对放疗低度敏感 D(无敏感性 E(以上都对 70、关于放射治疗的敏感性，淋巴造血系统肿瘤 71、关于放射治疗的敏感性，鳞癌 72、关于放射治疗的敏感性，胃肠道癌 A(大面积烧伤 B(严重挤压伤 C(双侧输尿管结石 D(药物中毒 E(缺水、血容量减少 73、肾前性急性肾衰竭常见的原因 74、肾后性急性肾衰竭常见的原因 A(不必特殊处理 B(毛花苷C0(4mg加入25,葡萄糖20ml，静脉缓慢推注 C(皮下注射阿托品0(5mg D(少量多次输血 E(口服地高辛0(25mg，每日1次 75、偶发性期前收缩的病人手术前应 76、冠心病人心室率50,min以下者手术前应 77、心房纤颤病人心室率在100,min以下者手术前应 A(适用于老年人，或合并有心功能不全，或儿童的慢性贫血 B(适用于多次输血后产生白细胞凝集抗体而有发热反应的贫血 C(适用于器官移植，尿毒症以及血液透析的病人 D(适用于因粒细胞减少而抗生素治疗无效的严重感染 E(适用于严重的再生障碍性贫血、输大量库血或体外循环心脏手术后血小板锐减 78、输少含白细胞、红细胞 79、输洗涤红细胞 80、输血小板 A(少量致病菌侵入血液循环内，迅即被人体防御系统所清除，不引起或仅引起短暂而轻微的 全身反应 B(局部化脓性病灶的细菌栓子或脱落的感染血栓，间歇地进入血液循环，并在身体各处的组 织或器官内，发生转移性脓肿 C(致病菌侵入血液循环，持续存在，迅速繁殖，产生大量毒素 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(大量毒素进入血液循环后，引起剧烈的全身反应，致病菌停留在局部感染灶处，并不侵入 血液循环 E(脓毒症与脓血症同时存在 81、毒血症 82、脓血症 83、脓毒血症 A(输血后见1,2小时内出现发热反应，寒战、高热，伴皮肤潮红，症状可自行缓解 B(输人几毫升全血后即咳嗽，呼吸困难，喘鸣，面色潮红，腹痛腹泻 C(输入几十毫升血后，出现休克、高热、腰背酸痛、血红蛋白尿等 D(输血后出现头部剧烈胀痛，呼吸困难，发绀，大量血性泡沫痰 E(大量快速输血后出现创面渗血不止或其他凝血异常表现 84、溶血反应 85、变态反应 86、非溶血性发热反应 87、循环超负荷 A(腹股沟疝修补术 B(胃大部切除术 C(胆囊切除术 D(阑尾穿孔切除术 E(小肠绞窄性梗阻部分切除术 88、无菌切口指 89、污染切口指 90、?类切口指 A(代谢性酸中毒 B(呼吸性酸中毒 C(代谢性碱中毒 D(呼吸性碱中毒 E(以上都不是 91、pH值下降，HCO下降，PaCO正常 92、pH值升高，HCO下降，PaCO下降 93、pH值下降，HCO升高，PaCO正常 A(颈椎后路椎管扩大术 B(胃大部切除术 C(胆囊切除术 D(阑尾穿孔切除术 E(小肠绞窄性梗阻部分切除术 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 94、无菌切口指 95、污染切口指 A(厌氧菌败血症 B(革兰阴性菌败血症 C(革兰阳性菌败血症 D(复数菌败血症 E(真菌性败血症 96、女性，78岁，因左股骨骨折行内固定术后2周，持续发热5天，病人面色潮红，四肢见散在性皮疹，辅助检查:血白细胞11×10,L，胸片阴性，心电图提示心肌炎 97、男性，53岁，急性肠梗阻做肠切、肠吻合术后第9天，突发寒战、高热、神志淡漠、嗜睡，伴血压下降，血细菌培养阴性，眼底检查发现视网膜上有白色圆形隆起 98、女性，65岁，急性胆汁性腹膜炎，行胆囊切除、胆总管切开引流术后第6天，突发寒战，体温36(8?，血压85,55mmHg，少尿，血白细胞8(2×10,L，中性0(75 A(结构移植 B(同种异体移植 C(异种移植 D(活体移植 E(同卵孪生移植 99、移植后不会发生排斥反应 100、移植后会引起强烈的排斥反应 101、能提供机械解剖结构的是 5 1、A1型题:每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 1、女孩，4岁，发现右腹部肿物1个月，进行性增大，伴不规则发热、乏力、消瘦。IVP示右肾不显影，最可能的诊断是 A(肾癌 B(巨大肾积水 C(肾母细胞瘤 D(肾上腺神经瘤 E(肾结核 2、急性腹膜炎腹痛的特点 A(病人烦躁、转侧不安 B(疼痛呈阵发加剧 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check C(指不出确切疼痛部位 D(原发病灶处最著 E(排大便后减轻 3、女婴，10个月，反复发作肺炎，行胸部X线检查示肺血多，左心房、左心室增大，主动脉 结增宽，可能的诊断是 A(房间隔缺损 B(室间隔缺损 C(动脉导管未闭 D(法洛四联症 E(肺动脉狭窄 4、小脑幕裂孔疝时，病变侧瞳孔变化的规律是 A(先散大后缩小，再散大 B(先缩小后散大，再缩小 C(先散大继续散大，再缩小 D(先缩小后散大，再继续散大 E(时大时小，最后散大固定 5、女性，37岁，车祸外伤2小时入院。查体:血压70,40mmHg，心率100,min，烦躁，双瞳 孔等大，对光反射存在，腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血，头CT示右额部硬膜下血肿，量约20ml，中线 无明显移位。该病人最佳处理方案 A(立即开颅清除血肿 B(抗休克治疗的同时行开颅血肿清除术 C(抗休克治疗的同时先行开腹探查 D(抗休克治疗至血压正常后再行手术 E(开颅及开腹探查同时进行 6、高度怀疑发生蛛网膜下腔出血，而CT检查为阴性时应选择 A(MRI B(MRA C(腰穿 D(核素扫描 E(头部X线片 7、5岁患儿，摔伤，据X线片诊断锁骨青枝骨折，正确的处理是 A(三角巾悬吊患肢3周 B(手法复位，"8"字绷带外固定 C(手术复位内固定 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(不予处理 E(卧床2周 8、尿脱落细胞学检查，应取 A(任何时间的尿均可 B(24小时尿 C(12小时尿 D(晨起第1次尿 E(展起第2次尿 9、对蛛网膜下腔出血病人，哪项处置是错误的 A(绝对卧床休息 B(给镇静药物 C(给予止血药物 D(给予抗生素预防感染 E(便秘者给予肥皂水灌肠 10、有关甲状腺手术后导致呼吸困难的原因，下列哪项不正确 A(伤口内出血、压迫气管 B(双侧喉上神经损伤 C(双侧喉返神经损伤 D(急性喉头水肿 E(气管软化、塌陷 11、关于烧伤创面脓毒血症，下列叙述哪项不正确 A(创面有细菌感染，并向痂下邻近的非烧伤组织侵入 B(痂下组织细菌量超过105CUF,g C(血培养多为阴性 D(创面可以没有细菌感染，但痂下组织细菌量超过105CUF,g E(细菌毒素引起全身感染中毒症状 12、女性，54岁，活动后气促8年，加重2个月。查体:心律失常，心尖区闻及舒张期隆隆样 杂音，P2亢进，最可能的诊断是 A(二尖瓣狭窄 B(二尖瓣关闭不全 C(三尖瓣狭窄 D(三尖瓣关闭不全 E(主动脉瓣关闭不全 13、关于胭窝囊肿，下列哪项不正确 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(常与关节腔相通 B(一旦确诊应立即手术治疗 C(可局部穿刺、抽液、注射泼尼松龙 D(多发生在腓肠肌腱内侧头与半膜肌腱之间的滑囊 E(又名Baker囊肿 14、女性，60岁，进食后剑突下疼痛8个月，伴上腹胀满及气短，乏力消瘦。胸片提示左心影 后气液平面，首先考虑的诊断是 A(心绞痛 B(慢性胃炎 C(贲门癌 D(食管裂孔疝 E(肺棘球蚴病 15、乳房纤维腺瘤的特点，下列哪项是错误的 A(乳房胀痛具有周期性特点 B(与雌激素作用活跃有密切关系 ,25岁 C(好发于18 D(月经周期对肿块的大小无影响 E(好发于乳房外上象限，多数为单发 16、一行重睑术病人，术时未切除足够的上睑多余的皮肤，术后会出现 A(重睑线消失 B(上睑臃肿 C(上睑皮肤松弛 D(重睑线不流畅 E(重睑线中断 17、男性，16岁，右前臂尺桡骨开放性骨折，清创复位，石膏外固定后36h，患者出现高热， 脉搏110,min，白细胞20×10,L，伤口有大量恶臭渗出液，X线片显示皮下有气体，触诊有 握雪感，应首先考虑 A(血肿吸收 B(组织吸收 C(伤口严重化脓感染 D(气性坏疽 E(骨筋膜室综合征 18、在脊髓内外肿瘤的鉴别诊断中，以下哪项是错误的 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(髓内肿瘤早期常有排便功能障碍 B(髓外肿瘤早期常有排便功能障碍 C(髓内肿瘤的感觉障碍是自上而下发展的 D(髓外硬膜下肿瘤可能有椎间孔扩大 E(髓外硬膜下肿瘤脊髓造影常呈偏心状、杯口状充盈缺损 19、关于上尿路结石常用检查方法的描述，下列哪项是错误的 A(X线片可以查出95,以上的结石 B(排泄性尿路造影仅能发现钙化度高的结石 C(CT检查可以显示X线片不能显示的结石 D(B型超声检查可以显示X线片不能显示的结石 E(肾镜、输尿管镜检查可以发现各类结石 20、女性，45岁，因患原发性甲亢而行甲状腺大部切除术，术后1天时病人感到烦躁、憋闷、 口唇发绀，出现进行呼吸困难，切口敷料呈红色，颈部肿胀，应立即 A(予以吸氧 B(静注氢化可的松 C(吸氧，同时加用洋地黄制剂 D(拆开缝线，止血 E(剪开缝线，敞开切口，迅速清除血肿，如无改善，应立即气管切开 21、关于臂丛神经损伤的临床表现，下列叙述错误的是 A(臂丛上干损伤多见 B(霍纳综合征为可有可元的体征 C(臂丛完全性损伤运动障碍表现为手、前臂、上臂肌肉全瘫 D(臂丛神经完全性损伤感觉障碍为手、前臂、上臂感觉完全丧失 E(臂丛下部损伤，多因上肢过度上抬外展造成 22、肝组织正常时，最多可切除多少肝组织仍能维持正常肝功能 A(30, B(40, C(50, D(60, E(70, 23、关于肠梗阻，下列哪项是错误的 A(绞窄性肠梗阻发病突然，进展迅速 B(绞窄性肠梗阻疼痛持续，阵发性加剧，无缓解期 C(绞窄性肠梗阻肠鸣音往往减弱 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(单纯性肠梗阻反射性呕吐比绞窄性明显 E(绞窄性肠梗阻原则上应早期手术 24、对动静脉瘘既可以明确诊断，又可以了解瘘口部位、大小的检查手段是 A(CT B(B超 C(动脉造影 D(指压瘘口测定 E(静脉血氧含量测定 25、对于中央型腰椎间盘突出症和马尾神经肿瘤最有意义的鉴别点是 A(X线片检查 B(脊髓造影 C(腰穿脑脊液检查 D(肛门括约肌功能检查 E(CT检查 26、女性，32岁，乳房内有多个界限不清的结节，月经来潮时疼痛，月经后缓解，提示 A(乳腺增生病 B(急性乳腺炎 C(乳腺癌 D(乳管内乳头状瘤 E(乳腺纤维腺瘤 27、腹股沟斜疝发生嵌顿的最主要原因是 A(疝环小，疝内容物有粘连 B(疝环小，腹内压骤然增加 C(疝环大，致疝内容物脱出较多 D(腹壁肌肉紧张收缩内环 E(腹壁肌肉紧张收缩外环 28、男性，44岁，2年来经常夜间上腹部不适，1天前进油腻食物后，突然右上腹部阵发性绞 痛伴恶心，查体:体温38?，巩膜轻度黄染，右上腹肌紧张，压痛明显，肠鸣音减弱，WBC17(8×10,L，血清淀粉酶为128温氏单位，应首先考虑诊断为何种疾病 A(高位急性阑尾炎 B(急性胰腺炎 C(溃疡病穿孔 D(急性化脓性胆囊炎 E(胆道蛔虫症 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 29、儿童病人尿道下裂最佳分期手术年龄是 A(第一期2岁，第二期6岁 B(第一期2岁，第二期7岁 C(第一期3岁，第二期6岁 D(第一期3岁，第二期7岁 E(第一期4岁，第二期6岁 30、男性，38岁，突起寒战，高热，右上腹痛，查体:体温40?，为弛张热，肝大，右上腹 触痛伴肌紧张，白细胞增高，核左移，胸腹部透视见右膈升高，运动受限，B超显示液平，放 射性核素扫描见肝占位病变，应先考虑 A(肝癌 B(急性肝炎 C(阿米巴性肝脓肿 D(细菌性肝脓肿 E(胆道感染 31、小脑幕切迹疝的典型临床表现是 A(头痛、呕吐、突然呼吸衰竭 B(昏迷、病变对侧瞳孔扩大、同侧偏瘫 C(昏迷、病变对侧瞳孔扩大、对侧偏瘫 D(昏迷、病变同侧瞳孔扩大、对侧偏瘫 E(昏迷、病变对侧瞳孔先小后大、同侧偏瘫 32、关于先天性主动脉狭窄，下列哪项是错误的 A(多发生于主动脉峡部或升主动脉 B(下肢血压常低于上肢 C(婴儿型常有下半身发绀，上半身无发绀 D(远端降主动脉常扩张 E(可能与动脉导管纤维化闭锁过程有关 33、关于脑胶质瘤病，下列哪项是错误的 A(组织起源尚不明确 B(常需要与多发硬化及急性脱髓鞘病鉴别 C(病理级别常较高 D(确诊需要活检 E(病人存活期短 34、对于骨筋膜室综合征，最主要的治疗措施是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(给予血管舒张剂，消除血管痉挛 B(抬高患肢，以利消肿 C(被动按摩，以利消肿 D(做臂位麻醉，解除血管痉挛 E(解除包扎固定物，经观察不见好转，切开筋膜减压 35、关于外伤性颅内血肿，下列哪种说法是错误的 A(可以没有中间清醒期 B(典型的硬膜外血肿，意识和生命征的改变早于瞳孔的改变 C(对可疑病例，须等待脑疝的各种临床表现都已出现才能进行钻孔探查术 D(硬脑膜外血肿的出血来源以脑膜中动脉破裂最常见 E(硬脑膜下血肿常与脑挫裂伤合并存在，可为双侧性 36、以下哪项不属于左房黏液瘤的临床表现 A(荨麻疹 B(消瘦 C(下肢动脉栓塞 D(肺栓塞 E(晕厥 37、对于化学烧伤时的处理，下列哪项是正确的 A(碱烧伤时清水冲洗时间不宜过长 B(石灰烧伤时应大量流动清水持续冲洗 C(眼部碱烧伤应立即用3,硼酸液中和，再用等渗生理盐水或蒸馏水彻底冲洗 D(烧伤局部处理同时注意内脏器官保护 E(应及时、彻底使用酸碱中和剂 38、女性，43岁，肾移植术后，6天内出现少尿或无尿，白细胞轻度升高，血尿素氮、肌酐持 续不降，尿常规提示红细胞中量，同时伴有发热(38(5?以下)，这时应考虑下列哪项 A(急性肾小管坏死 B(移植肾功能不良 C(热缺血时间过长 D(免疫抑制药过量 E(急性排异反应 39、男婴，1岁，面部发现直径为1cm的褐色皮肤肿物，并有数根毛发生长。最可能的疾病是 A(交界痣 B(皮内痣 C(混合痣 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(皮脂腺痣 E(鲜红斑痣 40、判断膀胱破裂最简便的检查方法是 A(耻骨上膀胱穿刺 B(插入金属尿管 C(腹腔穿刺 D(导尿及膀胱注水试验 E(膀胱造影 41、鉴别单纯性下肢静脉曲张与原发性下肢深静脉瓣功能不全，最可靠的方法是 A(大隐静脉瓣膜功能试验 B(交通支瓣膜功能试验 C(深静脉通畅试验 D(下肢动脉造影 E(下肢静脉造影 42、一患者头部外伤轻微，无昏迷史，无颅骨骨折，2个月后出现颅内压增高症状，该患者最 可能为 A(慢性硬脑膜外血肿 B(多发性颅内血肿 C(慢性硬脑膜下血肿 D(脑内血肿 E(严重脑挫裂伤 43、女性，34岁，上腹部疼痛1月余，常于餐后3,4小时发作，进餐后缓解，实验室检查发现 其空腹胃酸、基础酸的分泌量明显高于正常人，其最可能的诊断是 A(急性胃炎 B(慢性胃炎 C(胃溃疡 D(十二指肠溃疡 E(胃癌 44、男性，26岁，车祸头部受伤，伤后昏迷约半小时，清醒后诉头痛、恶心、呕吐，4小时后 再次昏迷。首先考虑 A(颅底骨折 B(脑震荡 C(硬脑膜外血肿 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(硬脑膜下血肿 E(颅盖骨折 45、关于重睑术，下列哪项是正确的 A(埋线法要求垂直进针，深达并穿过上睑提肌腱膜，必要时司穿过睑板软骨 B(缝合法的目的是使眼睑皮肤与睑板之间发生瘢痕性粘连，以形成重睑 C(缝合法重睑术要求从睑板上缘进针，呈"U"形褥式缝合 D(切开法要求皮肤与睑板的固定位置位于同一水平 E(植皮法是在睑板前游离植皮，使皮片与上睑提肌腱膜粘连，以形成重睑 46、坐骨肛门窝脓肿早期切开引流的指征是 A(体温升高 B(局部有波动 C(白细胞总数及中性粒细胞增高 D(伴有排尿困难 E(局部发红，触痛明显 47、关于张力性气胸的叙述，下列哪项是不正确的 A(最严重的气胸类型 B(胸腔内压进行性增高 C(有纵隔扑动 D(有皮下气肿 E(急救须立即在锁骨中线第2肋间用粗针穿刺减压 48、病理改变在肾脏临床表现为膀胱刺激症状，此种泌尿系疾病最可能为 A(肾肿瘤 B(鹿角形肾结石 C(多囊肾 D(泌尿系结核 E(急性肾炎 49、耻骨骨折合并膀胱破裂的患者，X线可见耻骨骨折轻度移位，骨折分类应属 A(闭合骨折 B(裂缝骨折 C(压缩骨折 D(骨骺分离 E(开放骨折 50、男性，42岁，因外伤致股骨内外髁骨折，关节面不平，相差0(8mm，虽经治疗，骨折移 位未见改变，最可能出现的晚期并发症是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(骨化性肌炎 B(褥疮 C(膝关节创伤性关节炎 D(膝关节僵硬 E(膝关节外翻 51、按国内通用补液公式，第1个24小时补液量为每1,?、?度烧伤面积，每千克体重补充 胶体液为 A(2(0ml B(3(0ml C(1(5ml D(0(5ml E(2(5ml 52、颈椎骨折合并脱位最先选择的治疗方法是 A(颌枕带牵引 B(手法复位，石膏固定 C(颅骨牵引 D(两桌复位法 E(切开复位 小时前因其母牵拉右前臂哭闹不安，不肯右手持物:查体:右上肢无畸形，53、患儿，3岁，1 右肘部轻度压痛，无明显肿胀，X线检查(一)。最可能的诊断是 A(肘关节损伤 B(肱骨髁上无移位骨折 C(肱骨髁间无移位骨折 D(桡骨小头半脱位 E(肘部肌肉肌腱损伤 54、36岁，女性，?、?度烧伤60,，入院后第6天，病人体温下降明显，呼吸浅，脉搏细弱， 白细胞及血小板较低。创面停止生长，干枯，出现出血性坏死斑，提示为 A(休克 B(蜂窝织炎 C(二重感染 D(烧伤创面脓毒症 E(全身感染 55、男性，28岁，左膝关节肿痛半年，无明确外伤史，其他关节无症状，曾2次穿刺抽液均为 血性关节液。查体:右膝关节肿胀，滑膜肥厚，首先考虑的诊断是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(干燥综合征 B(类风湿关节炎 C(骨性关节炎 D(结核性滑膜炎 E(色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎 56、关于慢性缩窄性心包炎临床表现，应除外下列哪项 A(奇脉 B(肝颈征阳性 C(心音弱而遥远 D(脉压增大 E(常合并心房纤颤 57、Colles骨折手法复位后应固定于 A(掌屈尺偏位 B(背屈尺偏位 C(掌屈桡偏位 D(背屈桡偏位 E(极度旋后位 58、下列哪项不是动力性泌尿系梗阻的常见原因 A(低血钾、高热等 B(腰麻和肛管直肠术后 C(前列腺增生 D(服用阿托品 E(中枢和周围神经系统疾病 59、下列哪项术式不适用于治疗慢性脓胸 A(胸腔闭式引流术 B(胸膜纤维板剥除术 C(胸廓成形术 D(肺叶切除术 E(胸膜肺切除术 60、关于开放性关节创伤的处理原则，下列哪项不正确 A(千方百计设法闭合关节腔 B(关节囊已敞开时，大量盐水冲洗关节腔 C(敞开关节囊，放置引流 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(全身及局部应用抗生素，抗生素放入关节囊内 E(术后持续皮牵引或骨牵引，可做外固定 61、男孩，1岁，出生后发现腰骶部正中肿物，约6cm×4cm×5cm大小，局部有色素沉着及毛 发增生，伴有轻度大小便失禁，最可能的诊断是 A(腰部脂肪瘤 B(腰部脊膜膨出 C(腰部脊髓外翻 D(腰部脊膜膨出合并神经源性膀胱 E(腰部脊髓脊膜膨出 62、有关唇外翻畸形的修复，下列哪项是不正确的 A(一般外翻都呈切迹状裂隙，可用v-Y矫正修复 B(单纯上唇外翻复位后创面修复的全厚皮片一般取自耳后或锁骨上区 C(烧伤致外翻一般需切除瘢痕，松解挛缩和植皮修复 D(上唇外翻复位一般应作过度矫正以免复发 E(轻度下唇外翻可采用鼻唇沟皮瓣修复 63、女性，43岁，双手指遇寒冷后顺序出现苍白，青紫和潮红4年，逐渐加重，每次发作时间 为15,30分钟，临床上考虑为雷诺现象，以下描述哪项正确 A(发作时常有剧痛 B(桡动脉搏动减弱 C(多有指尖溃疡 D(发作时伴有手麻木 E(发作间歇期，皮温正常 64、1个月女婴出生2周开始呕吐，呈喷射状，进行性加重，不舍胆汁，近3天未排大便且尿少。 查体:腹部可见胃蠕动波，无压痛及肌紧张，此患儿最可能的诊断是 A(胃食管反流 B(幽门痉挛 C(先天性幽门闭锁 D(先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄 E(胃扭转 65、女性，34岁，头部受伤后立即昏迷，10分钟后清醒，有呕吐，对受伤情况不能回忆，诊 断是 A(脑震荡 B(脑挫裂伤 C(颅内血肿 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(脑干损伤 E(脑供血不全 66、关于尿道下裂，下列说法不正确的是 A(尿道下裂属于先天畸形 B(尿道外口开口于阴茎腹侧到会阴部的任何位置 C(患者大多伴有不同程度的阴茎向背侧屈曲畸形 D(伴有生殖系统畸形 E(患者宜于幼儿时做手术 67、男性，47岁，柏油样黑便3天来诊，既往无胃、十二指肠溃疡病史，有乙型肝炎病史6年， 锁骨上未触及肿大的淋巴结，做食管X线钡餐检查见食管下段黏膜影呈串珠样改变，应考虑 为 A(贲门失弛缓症 B(食管静脉曲张 C(食管炎 D(食管癌 E(食管平滑肌瘤 68、男性，36岁，烧伤后1小时入院。查体:烧伤面积?度10,，浅?度20,，深?度30,， ?度20,，首先要预防和治疗的是 A(急性呼吸衰竭 B(急性肾衰竭 C(Curling D(低血容量性休克 E(全身感染 69、关于小腿慢性溃疡，以下哪项是不正确的 A(溃疡一般单个存在，表浅，边缘整齐 B(静脉曲张型溃疡主要由于静脉曲张引起，一般较易愈合 C(静脉炎性溃疡一般难以自愈 D(溃疡周围皮肤常有色素沉着 E(小腿慢性溃疡通常与静脉曲张同时存在 70、最常见的膈疝是以下哪种 A(食管裂孔疝 B(创伤性膈疝 C(胸骨旁疝 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(胸腹裂孔疝 E(心包膈疝 71、男性，36岁，从货车上摔下，头后枕部着地，颈部活动受限，下颈椎压痛明显，四肢弛 缓性瘫痪，胸骨柄平面以下痛、温觉消失，不能自主排尿，诊断首先考虑 A(颈椎间盘突出 B(颈椎骨折脱位并颈髓损伤 C(颈部软组织损伤 D(颈椎骨折脱位并臂丛神经及腰骶丛神经损伤 E(胸椎骨折并脊髓损伤 72、开放性气胸紧急现场处理为 A(吸氧 B(胸腔闭式引流术 C(迅速封闭胸壁创口 D(气管内插管，呼吸机呼气末正压通气 E(剖胸探查术 73、男性，40岁，左下肢静脉曲张8年，近年出现足靴区轻度肿胀、皮肤脱屑、瘙瘁、色素沉 着、皮炎、湿疹等营养性改变，这一系列症状说明病变发展到 A(大隐静脉瓣膜功能不全 B(小隐静脉瓣膜功能不全 C(深静脉瓣膜功能不全 D(交通静脉瓣膜功能不全 E(游走性浅静脉炎 74、全关节结核的特点是 A(关节软骨、骨端及滑膜均受累 B(关节软骨受累 C(关节的全部滑膜组织有结核病变 D(关节腔内积液增多并浑浊 E(骨组织破坏严重 75、男性，56岁，间断无痛全程肉眼血尿4个月，查体:肾区无叩痛，尿检，红细胞充满高倍 视野，膀胱镜未见异常，静脉尿路造影示右肾盂有充盈缺损，首先应考虑诊断为 A(肾盂肾炎 B(肾结核 C(肾结石 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(肾囊肿 E(肾盂癌 76、在行乳房再造术同时行乳晕重建时，乳晕供区通常不采用 A(大腿内侧根部皮肤 B(耳后皮肤 C(大阴唇黏膜 D(胭部皮肤 E(唇黏膜 77、关于先天性无阴道或阴道闭锁患者，下列哪项叙述是正确的 A(子宫发育正常 B(卵巢发育正常 C(第二性征不良 D(一般不主张手术治疗 E(本病发生率约在1:50000左右 78、女性，60岁，刺激性咳嗽3个月，X线片示左肺门2cm×3cm阴影，3次查痰癌细胞阴性， 为确诊应行哪项检查最好 A(再次痰液检查癌细胞 B(胸部CT C(MRI检查 D(经胸壁穿刺活检 E(纤维支气管镜检查 79、女性，38岁，双手背侧深?度烧伤，为使功能恢复良好，最佳的治疗方案是 A(暴露疗法，使其痂下愈合 B(1,SD-Ag冷霜外敷，防止感染 C(早期手术，自体植皮 D(中药脱痂后，促进愈合 E(用消毒羊膜覆盖，保痂，防感染 80、以下有关泌尿系梗阻的病因中哪一项说法是错误的 A(老年男性最常见的是前列腺增生症 B(女性膀胱出口梗阻可与盆腔疾病有关 C(膀胱出口梗阻最常见的为膀胱颈梗阻 D(肾小管梗阻也属于泌尿系梗阻范畴 E(先天性后尿道瓣膜是男婴先天性尿道狭窄的重要原因 81、男性，44岁，胸部挤压伤后出现咯血，查体:颈部可扪及皮下气肿，首先考虑的诊断是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(肺爆震伤 B(张力性气胸 C(气管或支气管损伤 D(肺挫伤 E(多处多根肋骨骨折 6 1、A3/A4型题:以下提供若干个案例，每个案例下设若干道考题。请根据答案所提供的信息，在每一道考题下面的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。 女性，32岁，退役运动员。逐渐出现持续腰痛并双下肢痛，卧床休息时缓解，活动时加重。近1个月出现大小便功能障碍。病人感向前弯腰困难，难以双手触及地面。体格检查:腰椎前凸增加，腰4与腰5棘突间有明显的台阶感。腰椎前屈受限，腰背肌痉挛。 1、首先应采取的辅助检查是 A(腰椎CT B(腰椎MRI C(腰椎正侧位片及斜位片 D(全身核素骨扫描 E(肌电图 2、最可能的诊断是 A(腰椎间盘突出症 B(腰椎管狭窄症 C(腰肌劳损 D(腰椎肿瘤 E(腰椎滑脱 3、该患者发病部位最可能位于 A(腰4，5节段 B(腰5，骶1节段 C(腰3，4节段 D(腰2，3节段 E(腰1，2节段 女性，25岁。右手指收、展受限2个月。有肘部外伤史10年。查体:右手小鱼际肌、骨间肌萎缩，环、小指爪状畸形。夹纸试验阳性。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 4、最可能的诊断是 A(脊髓型颈椎病 B(桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎 C(腕管综合征 D(臂丛神经损伤 E(肘管综合征 5、对该患者治疗方法下列说法正确的是 A(可行腕横韧带切开术 B(术中发现受累神经局部膨大时，无需行神经外膜切开 C(可行尺神经前置术 D(可行腱鞘切除术 E(可行颈椎前路手术 男性，18岁，打篮球跳起时突感足跟部疼痛，行走无力。查体:足跟部肿胀、压痛、淤斑，足 跟不能提起。 6、最可能的诊断是 A(距小腿关节扭伤 B(跟腱断裂 C(跟骨骨折 D(距骨骨折 E(胫后神经损伤 7、最恰当的治疗方法是 A(跖屈位小腿石膏固定 B(观察，待纤维性连结形成后加强功能锻炼 C(卧床休息，理疗 D(手术修补，长腿跖屈、屈膝位石膏固定 E(长腿跖屈、屈膝位石膏固定 8、为尽早恢复锻炼，下列哪项处理合适 A(石膏固定6周后去除，理疗 B(石膏固定4周后去除，理疗 C(石膏固定3周后去除，理疗 D(石膏固定2周后去除，理疗 E(石膏固定1周后去除，理疗 9、若患者跳起下落时右踝内翻位着地，出现外踝前下方肿胀、压痛，极度内翻位外踝下方空 虚，内翻角度明显增加，内翻位X线距小腿关节外侧间隙增宽，则应考虑 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(右踝外侧副韧带部分撕裂 B(右踝外侧副韧带部分撕裂并踝关节半脱位 C(右踝外侧副韧带完全撕裂 D(右踝外侧副韧带完全撕裂并踝关节半脱位 E(右踝外侧副韧带完全撕裂并外踝骨折 男性，20岁，学生。胸背部疼痛4个月。午后盗汗、消瘦。体格检查:胸椎中段后凸畸形，叩 痛。皮肤痛觉无明显减退，双下肢屈、伸膝及足背伸、跖屈肌力V级。双膝、踝反射(++)，双 直腿抬高试验(一)。X线片示胸椎6、7平面椎间隙狭窄伴椎旁较大面积阴影并向下流注。 10、患者最可能的诊断是 A(胸椎结核并冷脓肿形成 B(胸椎骨肉瘤 C(胸椎转移性肿瘤 D(胸椎管狭窄症 E(胸椎黄韧带骨化症 11、为进一步诊断，下列哪项不必要 A(胸椎MRI B(胸椎CT C(肺部平片 D(血沉 E(ECT 12、该患者ESR120mm,h，Hb80g,L，下列说法错误的是 A(全身抗结核治疗 B(可立即行病灶清除术 C(输血 D(卧硬板床休息 E(加强营养支持 女性，24岁。膝关节疼痛4个月。伴低热、乏力。关节呈弥漫性肿胀。膝关节象眼处饱满，髌 上囊肿大，浮髌试验阳性。穿刺得黄色浑浊液体。ESR80mm,h。X线示髌上囊及软组织肿胀。 13、最可能的诊断是 A(膝关节骨性关节炎 B(膝关节滑膜结核 C(膝关节周围骨肿瘤 D(膝关节半月板损伤 E(膝关节前交叉韧带损伤 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 14、下列检查对诊断最有价值的是 A(膝关节CT B(膝关节:MRI C(膝关节关节镜检查 D(全身核素骨扫描 E(结核菌素试验 15、对该患者的治疗正确的是 A(立即行膝关节清理术 B(全身及关节内注射抗结核药物 C(关节镜下半月板探查修补术 D(关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术 E(定制全膝关节置换术 男性，10岁。高热寒战并右膝关节剧痛3天。体格检查:右膝关节红肿、压痛，皮温升高，关 节屈曲位固定。 16、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(急性血源性骨髓炎 B(急性化脓性关节炎 C(慢性骨髓炎 D(风湿性骨关节炎 E(关节结核 17、该患者最可能的致病茵是 A(大肠杆菌 B(真菌 C(肺炎双球菌 D(金黄色葡萄球菌 E(结核杆菌 18、对该患者最有早期诊断价值的检查是 A(骨扫描 B(MRI C(CT D(关节穿刺液检查 E(X线检查 19、对该患者的治疗下列说法错误的是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(早期足量全身性使用抗生素 B(关节内注射抗生素 C(抗生素无效时可行关节腔灌洗 D(关节应保护在功能位 E(关节腔灌洗液变清后即可拔除引流管 女性，29岁，汽车撞伤后手掌着地，致右前臂活动受限6小时来诊。体格检查:神志清，痛苦 貌，右前臂肿胀、压痛、畸形，可触及骨擦音及假关节活动。 20、行X线检查正确的是 A(仅行前臂X线检查即可 B(除前臂X线检查外，还应包括右腕关节 C(除前臂X线检查外，还应包括右肘关节 D(除前臂X线检查外，还应包括右腕关节及肘关节 E(以上说法都不对 21、X线检查示尺骨上1,3骨折，桡骨下1,3骨折。下列有关手法复位错误的是 A(应首先复位桡骨 B(应首先复位尺骨 C(应先复位不稳定骨折 D(手法复位的目的只需达到功能复位即可 E(手法复位仅需恢复尺桡骨的对位、对线即可 22、下列有关前臂双骨折切开复位指征中错误的是 A(手法复位失败 B(合并神经血管损伤 C(肿胀较为明显的闭合性骨折 D(同侧肢体有多发性损伤 E(受伤时间短，伤口污染不重的开放性骨折 23、下列有关前臂双骨折移位说法正确的是 A(桡骨在旋前圆肌止点以上骨折，近折端呈屈曲旋后位 B(桡骨在旋前圆肌止点以上骨折，远折端呈屈曲旋后位 C(桡骨在旋前圆肌止点以下骨折，近折端呈屈曲旋后位 D(桡骨在旋前圆肌止点以下骨折，近折端呈旋前位 E(桡骨在旋前圆肌止点以下骨折，近折端呈旋后位 24、前臂双骨折易出现 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(肌腱断裂 B(神经损伤 C(骨筋膜室综合征 D(旋转功能障碍 E(血管损伤 女性，66岁。洗澡时不慎摔伤后，右髋部活动受限来诊。右下肢外旋50?，腹股沟中心处压痛 明显，右侧肢体较左侧短约2(5cm。 25、该患者首先考虑的诊断是 A(右股骨粗隆间骨折 B(右股骨颈骨折 C(右髋关节前脱位 D(右髋关节后脱位 E(以上均不对 26、X线片证实上述诊断，则最适宜的治疗方式为 个月 A(手法复位，下肢牵引1 B(多根钉内固定 C(全髋关节置换术 D(动力髋关节螺钉 E(手法复位，下肢牵引3个月 27、该患者术后处理下列说法错误的是 A(适当应用抗生素 B(应用预防血栓的药物 C(外展位牵引 D(抬高患肢 E(可随意侧卧以避免出现褥疮 女性，57岁，左膝关节疼痛伴活动时频发关节交锁2个月。体格检查:双膝无红肿及压痛，活 动度正常。左膝关节回旋挤压及抽屉试验均为阴性，浮髌试验(+)。X线检查可见关节间隙基本 正常。 28、患者最可能的诊断是 A(关节游离体 B(一过性滑膜炎 C(外侧半月板损伤 D(前交叉韧带损伤 E(后交叉韧带损伤 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 29、最佳的手术治疗方法是 A(滑膜切除术 B(关节镜下游离体取出术 C(半月板修整或切除术 D(前交叉韧带重建术 E(后交叉韧带重建术 男性，14岁，学生。左小腿夜间间断性剧烈疼痛5个月。疼痛为渐进性加重，服用少量水杨酸 后即感疼痛缓解。体格检查:左小腿皮温不高，无静脉怒张。局部无明显肿胀及包块。 30、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤 B(左胫骨骨样骨瘤 C(左胫骨骨母细胞瘤 D(左胫骨骨肉瘤 E(左胫骨血管瘤 31、该类患者最可能的X线特征是 A(直径<1cm的椭圆形透亮区 B(肥皂泡样改变 C(Codman三角 D(日光放射状表现 E(5,6cm的偏心溶骨样改变 32、关于该患者临床表现说法错误的是 A(好发于长管状骨 B(最常见部位为股骨 C(胫骨为第二常见发病部位 D(椎体受累较为少见 E(核素扫描对诊断无价值 女性，60岁，雪天不慎摔倒后右前臂旋前，腕关节背伸，手掌撑地，右腕疼痛，肿胀、畸形、 不能活动，急诊X线片检查示右桡骨远端骨折。 33、正确的诊断是 A(Monteggia骨折 B(Colles骨折 C(Smith骨折 D(Galeazzi骨折 E(Barton骨折 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 34、经手法复位石膏固定后2周内应维持腕关节的固定姿势是 A(功能位 B(掌屈桡偏位 C(掌屈尺偏位 D(休息位 E(背伸尺偏位 35、关于桡骨远端骨折的下列说法，哪项错误 A(桡骨远端关节面3cm以内的骨折 B(桡骨远端关节面掌倾角5?,10? C(桡骨远端关节面尺倾角20?,25? D(桡骨茎突位于尺骨茎突平面以远1,1(5cm E(尺桡骨下端共同与腕骨近侧列形成腕关节 男性，15岁，学生。右膝关节持续性疼痛3个月。活动后疼痛加重，夜间痛较白天明显。体格 检查:左股骨远端皮温增高，静脉怒张。可触及一4cm×3cm×3cm大小包块，质硬，边界不清， 活动度小。X线显示股骨远端溶骨性改变，可见Codman三角。 36、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(右股骨骨巨细胞瘤 B(右股骨骨母细胞瘤 C(右股骨骨样骨瘤 D(右股骨骨肉瘤 E(右股骨血管瘤 37、对该患者最具诊断价值的检查方法是 A(右股骨MRI B(右股骨CT C(包块穿刺活检 D(右股骨血管造影 E(放射性核素扫描 38、该患者首先接受大剂量化疗，下列说法错误的是 A(化疗后胃肠道反应较多 B(患者白细胞减少3×10,L以下时应注意预防感染 C(多柔比星(阿霉素)对心肌无明显损害 D(化疗后可出现肝功能受损 E(化疗后可出现骨髓抑制 男性，24岁。骑摩托车不慎摔伤右手来诊。体格检查可见右拇指掌指关节处肿胀。X线显示拇 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 指基底部纵行骨折线通入关节。骨折近端一小块骨折片位于尺侧，骨折远端滑向掌侧及桡侧形 成骨折脱位。 39、最可能的诊断是 A(Barton骨折 B(Colles骨折 C(Bennett骨折 D(Smith骨折 E(以上均不对 40、该患者损伤机制应为 A(拇指外展位损伤 B(拇指外展位、纵向暴力损伤 C(拇指外展位、横向暴力损伤 D(拇指内收位、纵向暴力损伤 E(拇指内收位、横向暴力损伤 41、手法复位的方法为 A(拇指沿纵轴牵引，指压掌骨基部桡侧，同时外展拇指 B(拇指沿纵轴牵引，指压掌骨基部尺侧，同时外展拇指 C(拇指沿纵轴牵引，指压掌骨基部尺侧，同时内收拇指 D(指压掌骨基部桡侧，同时外展拇指 E(以上均不对 女性，34岁，打字员。双手疼痛、持物无力2个月。晨起症状加重，活动后略减轻。查体:双 手桡侧3个手指皮肤痛觉减退，大鱼际萎缩、拇指对掌无力。Tinel征阳性。 42、最可能的诊断是 A(脊髓型颈椎病 B(桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎 C(腕管综合征 D(臂丛神经损伤 E(肘管综合征 43、对该患者治疗方法下列说法错误的是 A(局部制动加封闭一般效果良好 B(可行腕横韧带切开术 C(术中发现受累神经局部膨大时，应行神经外膜切开 D(腕管内封闭时应注意不能将药物注入受累神经内 E(可行尺神经前置术 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 女性，32岁，农民。车祸伤致右胫骨开放性骨折术后8个月来诊。现右小腿中段反复红肿、窦 道形成，有死骨排出。 44、患者最可能的诊断是 A(胫骨急性化脓性骨髓炎 B(胫骨慢性化脓性骨髓炎 C(胫骨良性骨肿瘤 D(胫骨恶性骨肿瘤 E(以上都不对 45、该患者治疗原则是 A(彻底清除病灶 B(摘除死骨 C(清除瘢痕组织及肉芽组织 D(消灭无效腔 E(以上都对 46、该患者手术治疗方法不正确的是 A(病灶清除+置管冲洗术 B(病变部位无效腔难以覆盖时，可行皮瓣移植覆盖术 C(可局部应用抗生素治疗 D(可行截肢术 E(根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果，采用适当抗生素 男性，34岁。高处坠落伤，头部着地，感颈部疼痛并四肢运动障碍3小时。体格检查:神志清， 双手握力?级，双下肢肌力?级。颈椎X线片未见明显异常。 47、了解该患者脊髓受压情况，应采用的最佳辅助检查方法为 A(颈椎MRI B(颈椎CT C(颈椎过屈过伸位片 D(肌电图 E(PET 48、如该患者颈椎CT未见异常，出现上述症状主要是由于 A(脊髓中央管周围出血和水肿引起的 B(颅脑部损伤所致 C(臂丛神经牵拉所致 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(椎动脉损伤所致 E(以上都不对 49、关于该患者预后，下列说法正确的是 A(该类患者预后较差 B(上肢恢复情况往往优于下肢 C(手部恢复情况往往最差 D(预后与症状往往无关 E(以上均不对 女性，25岁。骑车屈肘位摔伤致右肘关节肿胀、活动受限4小时。体格检查:右肘淤血，畸形。 前臂肿胀，皮温低，活动手指时疼痛，桡动脉搏动触不清，前臂组织压力为45mmHg。X线示 右肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折。 50、该患者的诊断除右肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折外，还应包括 A(右前臂软组织挫伤 B(右桡神经损伤 C(右尺神经损伤 D(右前臂骨筋膜室综合征 E(以上都不对 51、对该患者首先应采取的措施是 A(手法复位、石膏外固定 B(静脉应用脱水药 C(立即手术 D(夹板固定 E(手法复位、外展架固定 男性，33岁。高处坠落伤后T12压缩性骨折2个月。双下肢不全瘫，大小便失禁。MRt示骨折 块向后明显压迫脊髓。 52、该患者最佳治疗方案为 A(椎管侧前方减压、融合内固定术 B(两桌法复位 C(后路全椎板减压术 D(卧硬板床，服用营养神经药物 E(以上都不对 53、关于该患者术后并发症，下列说法正确的是 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(输尿管损伤 B(血气胸 C(下肢症状加重 D(腹膜损伤 E(以上均可能发生 男性，65岁。双下肢行走无力，有踩棉感2个月。体格检查:躯干自剑突平面以下痛觉减退， 双上肢前臂外侧痛觉减退，双膝反射(+++)，双踝反射(+++)，双巴氏征(+)，肌张力升高。 54、最可能的诊断是 A(神经根型颈椎病 B(脊髓型颈椎病 C(胸椎病变 D(腰椎间盘突出症 E(格林巴利综合征 55、为明确诊断下列哪些检查不适当 A(颈椎MRI B(颈椎CT C(肌电图检查 D(腰椎CT E(颈椎前后位平片 二十二岁，男性，足球运动员。训练时右膝关节损伤，关节内侧疼痛1个月，频发关节交锁及 打软腿现象。体格检查:右膝关节内侧象眼处压痛，McMurray征(+)，前后抽屉试验(一)，侧方 应力试验(一)。 56、患者最可能的诊断是 A(关节游离体 B(一过性滑膜炎 C(后交叉韧带损伤 D(前交叉韧带损伤 E(内侧半月板损伤 57、为进一步确诊，最佳的辅助检查方法是 A(右膝MRI B(右膝CT C(右膝关节正侧位片 D(关节穿刺抽液 E(以上都不对 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 58、经保守治疗无效，最佳的手术治疗方法是 A(滑膜切除术 B(关节镜下游离体取出术 C(关节镜下半月板修整或切除术 D(前交叉韧带重建术 E(后交叉韧带重建术 男性，29岁，汽车撞伤致颈部疼痛、旋转受限来诊。四肢运动及感觉正常。X线片示齿状突基 底部骨折并向前移位。 59、该患者齿状突骨折的Anderson分型为 A(1型 B(2型 C(3型 D(4型 E(以上均不对 60、入院后首先应采取的治疗为 A(颅骨牵引 B(适当应用脱水药物 C(完善各项术前检查积极准备手术 D(详细神经科查体 E(以上均正确 61、适宜采取的手术术式为 A(后路寰枕融合术 B(后路寰枢融合术 C(后路颈枕融合术 D(前路齿状突螺钉内固定术 E(前路齿状突切除、后路寰枢融合术 男性，13岁，突发高热伴左小腿剧痛5天。体格检查:体温39?，左小腿近干骺端处深压痛， 略肿胀，关节间隙无明显压痛。X线检查未见明显异常。 62、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(急性血源性骨髓炎 B(急性化脓性关节炎 C(慢性骨髓炎 D(风湿性骨关节炎 E(以上都不对 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 63、对该患者的实验室检查，下列说法错误的是 A(早期血培养阳性率较高 B(血液中自细胞总数明显较高 C(血液中中性粒细胞明显增高 D(骨扫描对其早期诊断具有重要价值 E(一般无贫血现象 64、该患者最可能的致病茵是 A(大肠杆菌 B(真菌 C(肺炎双球菌 D(金黄色葡萄球菌 E(铜绿假单胞菌 65、对该患者最有早期诊断价值的检查是 A(骨扫描 B(MRI C(CT D(局部分层穿刺 E(X线检查 66、对该患者的治疗下列说法错误的是 A(应用大剂量抗生索 B(局部制动 C(保持患者位于功能位 D(抗生素治疗1,2天无效，即可行开窗减压术 E(抗生素治疗2周无效，方可行开窗减压术 男性，77岁。腰背痛1个月来诊。无外伤史，3年前曾行前列腺癌切除术。体格检查:胸腰段 叩痛，后凸畸形。双下肢皮肤痛觉及运动无明显异常。 67、该患者首先考虑的诊断是 A(脊柱转移瘤 B(骨质疏松性椎体骨折 C(椎间盘突出症 D(脊椎骨髓瘤 E(脊椎骨髓炎 68、如考虑为前列腺癌转移，下列哪项辅助检查最具特异性 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(血沉增快 B(血液中性粒细胞明显增高 C(尿本周蛋白阳性 D(血液中碱性磷酸酶增高 E(血液中酸性磷酸酶增高 69、为进一步确诊，最简便的检查为 A(MRI B(CT C(ECT D(肝胆胰脾肾B超 E(X线片造影 男性，29岁，赛跑时突然闻及右膝撕裂声，即倒地，右膝不能主动伸屈，入医院急诊室。查体 示右膝关节肿胀明显，髌骨前方压痛(+)，髌骨前方空虚感，浮髌试验(+)。 70、最可能的诊断是 A(交叉韧带损伤 B(半月板损伤 C(髌骨骨折 D(胫骨平台骨折 E(股骨髁上骨折 71、首先应做哪项检查 A(超声 B(肌电图 C(X线 D(CT E(MRI 72、考虑造成该外伤的原因是 A(直接暴力 B(间接暴力 C(病理性 D(肌肉拉力 E(积累性劳损 73、浮髌试验(+)，说明膝关节 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check A(少量积液 B(中量积液 C(大量积液 D(关节内粘连 E(滑膜增生 74、首选哪种治疗方案 A(抬高患肢，密切观察 B(手法复位，石膏固定 C(持续骨牵引 D(手法复位，小夹板固定 E(手术治疗 75、若行手术治疗，首选 A(钢丝固定 B(螺钉固定 C(张力带固定 D(钢板固定 E(丝线缝合 女性，25岁。因跛行来诊。体格检查:腰椎前凸增大，左下肢Allis征及Trendelenburg征阳性。 76、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(先天性髋内翻 B(先天性胫骨假关节 C(小儿麻痹症 D(脑瘫 E(先天性髋关节脱位 77、对该患者应采取的措施是 A(髂骨截骨术 B(髋臼造顶术 C(牵引复位、外固定 D(髋关节囊周围髂骨截骨术 E(以上都不对 78、该病站立前期的病理变化 A(股骨颈前倾角显著增大 B(股骨头向后上方脱位 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check C(关节囊增厚呈葫芦状 D(髋臼平坦、变浅 E(以上都不对 79、该患者可能的继发性病变不包括 A(股骨头脱位 B(腰椎前凸增大 C(左下肢轻度肌肉萎缩 D(脊柱侧凸 E(下腰部疼痛 女性，35岁，不慎摔倒后左手支撑地，手腕部肿胀，活动障碍，鼻咽窝部明显压痛。 80、最可能的诊断是 A(第1掌骨基底部骨折 B(月骨脱位 C(头状骨骨折 D(舟状骨骨折 掌骨基底部骨折 E(第2 81、若急行X线片检查未发现骨折，复查X线片的最佳时机是 A(伤后1周 B(伤后2周 C(伤后3周 D(伤后4周 E(伤后5周 82、初步诊断发现骨折无移位，应采取的治疗方案 A(切开复位内固定 B(手法复位弹力绷带外固定 C(骨牵引后理疗 D(应用外固定支架 E(短臂石膏外固定 83、最常见的并发症 A(关节强直 B(关节僵硬 C(骨折延迟愈合或不愈合 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(损伤性骨化 E(前臂旋转功能障碍 男性，21岁，踢球时扭伤膝关节，休息15天后，行走感右膝关节疼痛、无力，常出现交锁、 弹响。 84、最有可能的诊断是 A(交叉韧带损伤 B(半月板损伤 C(盘状半月板 D(侧副韧带损伤 E(单纯软组织损伤 85、诊断半月板损伤的依据是 A(膝关节外伤史 B(膝关节X线 C(膝关节CT D(抽屉试验 E(麦氏试验 86、若患者查体示右膝轻度肿胀，内侧间隙压痛(+)，侧方应力试验(一)，抽屉试验(一)，FOUChe 试验(+)，则应考虑诊断为 A(内侧半月板后角损伤 B(内侧半月板体部损伤 C(内侧半月板前角损伤 D(外侧半月板后角损伤 E(外侧半月板前角损伤 87、下列半月板损伤的因素，哪项是错误的 A(膝关节过伸 B(膝关节半屈 C(小腿外展 D(小腿内收 E(重力挤压与旋转力量 88、下列对半月板的描述，哪项是错误的 A(保持膝关节稳定性 B(协同膝关节的旋转和伸屈 C(承受重力，吸收震荡 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(散布滑液，润滑关节 E(盘状半月板不易损伤 89、为明确诊断和及时治疗，最佳的处理是 A(X线 B(CT C(MRI D(关节镜 E(关节造影 90、下列治疗措施哪项不恰当 A(抽尽积血，加压包扎 B(急性损伤后石膏托外固定 C(确诊后行半月板全切除 D(半月板修补 E(关节镜检，切除损伤部分 91、膝关节三联征是指 A(内侧副韧带、外侧半月板及前交叉韧带损伤 B(内侧副韧带、内侧半月板及后交叉韧带损伤 C(内侧副韧带、内侧半月板及前交叉韧带损伤 D(外侧副韧带、内侧半月板及后交叉韧带损伤 E(外侧副韧带、内侧半月板及前交叉韧带损伤 男性，22岁，学生。胸背部不适1个月。体格检查:胸9椎体局部轻微叩痛，皮温不高，无明 显后凸畸形。双下肢皮肤痛觉及运动无明显异常，生理反射正常，病理反射未引出。x线片示 T9椎体栅栏样改变，椎体未见楔形变。 92、该患者最可能的诊断是 A(T9椎体结核 B(T9椎体血管瘤 C(T9椎体骨肉瘤 D(T9椎体转移瘤 E(T9椎体骨巨细胞瘤 93、该患者接受胸椎MRI检查，未见脊髓明显受压。该患者的最佳处理方案是 A(局部放疗 B(手术治疗 C(化疗 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check D(抗结核药物治疗 E(无需治疗，可暂时观察 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check