南京博物馆玉器馆英文解说词

南京博物馆玉器馆英文解说词TheguidanceofAncientChineseJadeWelcometotheAncientChineseJade(中国古代玉器)!Jadehasalonghistoryofmorethan7000yearsinChina;wehaveover1000artifacts(手工艺品)ondisplayinallthejadeexhibitinghalls.Alltheseareshownfollowingasequenceofjades’developmenthistory;ourvisitorscanenjoytheexhibitingnotonlybythejadeswhichunearthedindifferentdynasties,butalsocanseetheperfectartifactofjade-carvingthattheempiresusedinMingandQingdynasties.Accordingtopoliticalanddifferentneedsoflivingofhumanbeings,ancientpeopleimagelotsofspirittojades.Itrepresentshappiness,wealth,moralityandothergoodwishes,italsobeinganimportantcomponentofconstitutingChinesetraditionalculture.Then,let’sgoandtakealook.ThefirstoneweseehereistheJadeJuewhichhasbeenunearthedat4000B.C,it’sverypopularfromNeolithicAgetoZhouDynasty,mostofthemarefoundbesidespeople’sears,andmanypeopleconjecturedthatisthecommonJadedecorationsforearringsduringthattime.Besides,JadeJuehas3specialmeanings,:firstis,peopleconsiderthatonlythegentlemancanwearit;secondis,peoplegivethisastheevidencewhenyouwanttobreakupwithsomebodyelse;thirdis,peoplewearitonthumbtoprotectitwhendoingarchery.Whatweseehereistheagate(玛瑙)ofrainflower.Asweknowtherainflower(雨花石)isfamousinNanjing,andtheywereunearthedin4000B.C.andarealsotheearliestonesthatwefoundtillnow.NexttotheagateofrainfloweristheJadeHatchet,itdidn’thasrealfunctionsinancienttime,andpeopleusedittorepresenttheowner’spower,identityandriches.ThereisarepresentativeJadeBurialtombinLiangzhuculture.Ithasalonghistoryofmorethan5000years.Inthattime,peoplebelievedthatnobles’tombshouldbehigherthantheground.Wecanseethepiecesinthetombfromlefttoright.Attherightcornerthereissometableware,whichmeansthelivingpeoplewishdiedmandon’tneedtoworryaboutstarvinginheaven.Inthemiddle,it’scalledJadeYue,whichrepresentsthepower;ThesmallthingputonitiscalledJadeXi.Let’stakeacloselookattheJadexi,itbottomlookslikemankind,onthetopofitisabirdwhichrepresentstheheaven,underthebirdisasquirrelwhichrepresentstheearth.Thenthewholethingmeansacombinationofheaven,earthandmankind.Duringtheancienttime,peopledon’thavewordtorecordthethingsthattheydo,thereforetheyuseknottohelpthemdoarecord.EverytimetheyfinishathingthentheyusedthebeakofJadeXitountietheknot.Theyputthissmallthinginthetombmeanstheywishthepersonwhowasdieddon’tneedtoworryaboutanythingwhenheenteredheaven.OverhereiscalledJadeCong.Thisalsohasitsspecialmeaning,intheancienttime,peoplethinktheskyisroundandtheearthisasquare,andtheholeinsideitmeansaconnectionbetweentheuniverseandtheearth.WecanalsofindthattheJadeConghasdifferentlength,itmeansalot.ThepersonwhoownslongerJadeConghaslargerpower,thepersonwhoownsshorterJadeConghassmallerpower.It’sasignoftheowners’identities.Lookathere;it’saJadeBurialTombaswell.Theburialaccessories(附属的)totaledmorethan120pieces,includingjade,stoneandearthenware(陶器).Theoccupant(占有者)ofthistombisamaleabout20yearsold,theheadofthetribe(部族)whowasinchargeoffortune,rite(仪式),armyandclan(氏族)authority(权利).Wecanseesomeblackprintontheaccessories.Scientistfoundoutthat’sbecauseofcremation(火化),peoplebelieveusethefirecanmakediedpersonreborn.Pleasewalkthisway,thiswecanseeistheJadesuiteThreadedwithsilver,ithasalonghistoryofover1800yearsfromnowon.TheJadesuiteisakindofburialdressfornobletowearwhentheyaredied,becauseofaspecialreligion,peoplebelievewhenmankindwearthiskindofsuit,thebodywillneverdecomposedasthejadecanexistforever.However,actually,theJadesuitedoesn’thavethiskindoffunction.Whenwediscoverthissuite,allthepiecesareseparated;weusemoderntechnologytofixthisup.Accordingtodifferentidentities,theJadesuitewasclassifiedinto4groups:Threadedwithgold,silver,copperandsilk.ThisJadesuitehasatotallengthof1.7meters,used800gramsofsilverstringand2600piecesofjades.Atthesametime,inthemiddleofthetopofhead,thereisahole,peopleguessthatthisholeissoultocomeandgofreely.ThereisalsoaJadePigholdindiedperson’sbothhands,thisJadepigrepresentwealth,thisshowsthelivingpeoplewishtheydiedmancanbringallhisrichesawaywhenenteringheaven.HereistheJadeCicada(禅),whichancientpeoplekeepitinmouth;thiswasgiventhewishoffarawayfromthecorruptedworld.Nexttoit,it’stheJadePendant(垂饰，悬挂物)withDragonandPhoenixDesign,thisisthesignofNanjingMuseumaswell,thedragonandphoenixpercheachother,formtheshapeof“S”.Thephoenixcoilonthetailofdragon,whichtoldusdragon,hasthehighestlevelinthatsociety.Andinancienttime,peoplebelievethatJadecanbringgoodluck,andwithcarvingmascot(吉祥物，幸运儿)onitcanmakeitmoreholy.Righthereiscalled,JadeCrown,whichancientmalewearonhead.Duetothattime,it’sveryfamoustohavethisdecoration,andit’salsoasignofyouridentityandposition.Peoplefirsttwine(线)theirhairtothetop,thenusedthecrowntofixit,andputthestickthroughthetwosmallholesintothebottleofthecrown.Finallyit’sdone.Verysimplebutit’sheavyaswell.LookbackistheJadeRaytown-ShapedCup.Becauseitslooklikeahornbelongstoanimal,andcanbefilledwithalcohol,thereforepeoplethinkthisisusedbygod,justoffitsuniqueappearance.Ancientpeopleconsideredusethiscuptodrinkcanpreventyoufromgettingpoisonous,anddrinktheliquorinsidebyoncecanshowyourprospecttothegoodness.ThisisaJadeBelt;itshoweditsfacefirstinNeolithic(新石器时代)Age.They’rebelongingtoLiWei,ahigh-rankingofficialinthattime.Thebeltwasmadeupby20piecesofjade,thetwopieceswithcarvingwasaddedlater,withthisdetail,andsomearcheologist(考古学家)conjectured(推测)thatthisbeltwascollectedbyLiWei,hedidn’twearitdaily.HerewecanseeistheRoseQuartDragon-HeadedCensor,(bytheway,censoristhecontainerwherepeopleputincensesinsidewhendoingsacrificialactivities.ThisonewasgivenbySirizanka’sempireasagifttoQianlong.Itisn’tajade,inancienttime,peoplethinkifthestoneisbeautifulenough,thenitcanbecalledjade.Qianlonglikedthisverymuchandgavehisorderstotheofficialstocarve(雕刻)itintothisway.It’sverybeautifulbuttheonlydisadvantageisthatit’sasolid,whichmeansitcannotcontainanythinginsideit.ThisistheJadeite(翡翠)Screen,thecolormatchesthepictureonitverywell,anditexpressesafamousmaninChineseliterary(文学的)history,he’scalledSuShi.ThispictureistheprocesswhenMr.SudrivesaboatalongtheChibiintheevening.ByNanjingForeignLanguageSchoolXueyingWang