最新现在分词讲解-PPT-可演示精品课件

现在分词(fēncí)用法归纳modifiedbylex第一页，共46页。一、现在分词的结构二、现在分词的结构含义三、现在分词的句法功能四、独立(dúlì)主格结构五、现在分词的主动 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 被动含义知识(zhīshi)提纲第二页，共46页。一、现在(xiànzài)分词的结构主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：在现在分词的前面(qiánmian)直接加not第三页，共46页。1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时(tóngshí)发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell.二、现在(xiànzài)分词的结构含义第四页，共46页。2.现在分词的被动(bèidòng)式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动(bèidòng)语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动(bèidòng)形式。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.【注】：beingdone不能作状语havingbeendone不能作定语第五页，共46页。分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词(dàicí)或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。1.作定语分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如：Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.（standing和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.三、现在分词(fēncí)的句法功能〓whoisstandingbythewindows〓Intheyearsthatfollowed第六页，共46页。【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）1.下列(xiàliè)由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。interesting,interested;exciting,excited;annoying,annoyed;amazing,amazed;amusing,amused;astonishing,astonished;boring,bored;confusing,confused;disappointing,disappointed;encouraging,encouraged;embarrassing,embarrassed;frightening,frightened;inspiring,inspiredHehada________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Theboyansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.terrifiedfrightened第七页，共46页。His son was. The old man felt unhappy.His son was,soheregrettednothavingpreparedmuchforthetest.2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示(biǎoshì)动作正在进行。V-ed表示(biǎoshì)动作已完成，不表被动。rising/risen,falling/fallen,developing/developed,changing/changed,fading/faded,boiled/boiling,drowning/drownedChinaisadevelopingcountry.(发展中的)Americaisadevelopedcountry.（发达的）disappointingdisappointed第八页，共46页。boilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleavesfallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents正在(zhèngzài)沸腾的已经(yǐjing)沸腾过的正在(zhèngzài)凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死的正在飘落的树叶落叶退休工人逃犯归国留学生第九页，共46页。分词作定语(dìngyǔ)相当于定语(dìngyǔ)从句(1).Theboysittingunderthattreeismybrother.Theboywhoissittingunderthattreeismybrother.Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.Iknowthepeoplewhoarebuildingthehousethere第十页，共46页。ThebuildingcompletedlastmonthisabankThebuildingthatwascompletedlastmonthisabankThehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.被动(bèidòng),正在建Thehousethatisbeingbuiltoverthereisashop.Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被动(bèidòng)、已建好）Thehousethatisbuiltoverthereisashop.第十一页，共46页。2作表语。如：Thenewsisinspiring.3.作宾语补足语。如：Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程(guòchéng)中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程(guòchéng)结束了）。如：Isawthegirlgettingonthebus.Isawthegirlgetintothecaranddriveoff.第十二页，共46页。【注】：“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。如：Hehadhisclotheswashed.（他叫别人洗了衣服。）Wehadthefireburningallday.（我们(wǒmen)使火燃烧了一整天。）第十三页，共46页。1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时，时间状语，原因状语，方式/伴随状语，条件状语，结果状语，让步状语）2.主语一致性：分词(fēncí)语态与主句主语一致3.避免重复连词4.否定词位置5.有些动词是被动结构主动含义6.有些动词分词(fēncí)作为插入语7.Beingdone不做状语4.作状语(zhuàngyǔ)第十四页，共46页。主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个(yīɡè)分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：1.Hearingthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.Whenheheardthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.2.Wateredintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateringtheflowerintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateredintime,theflowercouldgrowbetterthanbefore.错错第十五页，共46页。A.作时间(shíjiān)状语：___________(wander)throughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.WhileIwaswanderingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.B.作原因状语：_________(know)heraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.Becauseweknewheraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.WanderingKnowing第十六页，共46页。C.方式(fāngshì)/伴随状语;Shewatchedthefilm,_______(weep)and_______(sigh).Shewatchedthefilm,whilesheweptandsighedD.作条件状语：________(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingPlaying第十七页，共46页。E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)Thehuntersfired,__________(shoot)oneofthewolves.区别(qūbié):不定式表示意外的结果Hehurriedtothestation,only_______(find)thetrainhadleft.F.作让步状语：________(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.shootingtofindRaining第十八页，共46页。1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式(xíngshì)，如：lock(锁)，open(开),clean（弄干净,move（移动）,wash（洗）,sell（卖）,write（写）,weigh（称重）,measure（量）,read（读）,shut（关）,break（打碎）,ride（骑）,wear（穿）,addup（加起来）等等,句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：well,easily,long,fast,smoothly,rough等等）连或用于否定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使动作得以实现或难以实现。例如：　　Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易打碎。　　Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔好写。　　Thiskindofcarsellsverywell.这种车销路很好。　　Thematerialwon’twear.这种材料不经久耐用。　　　　四、用主动表达(biǎodá)被动含义的动词第十九页，共46页。2、某些表状态(zhuàngtài)的联系动词，如look,smell,taste,feel,sound等等，它通常以形容词作表语，一般不跟副词，不与tobe连用。　　Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很柔软。　　Helooksblue.他显得神情沮丧。　　Thisdishtastesdelicious.这道菜味道鲜美。　　Hisconclusionsoundedreasonable.他的结论听起来很合理。第二十页，共46页。有些动词看似被动用主动(zhǔdòng)在用法上的体现_____________delicious,thesoupwassoldoutsoonerorlater.A.TosmellB.SmelledC.SmeltD.Smelling_____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDA第二十一页，共46页。被动结构主动含义(hányì)(括号中是对应的主动结词）beseated(sit),bedressed(wear),bedevotedto(devotesth.to)beinvolvedin，beaddictedtobeabsorbedin，befacedwith(face/faceupto)beconvinced(believe)，beoccupiedwithbedeterminedto，beintendedforbasedon(dependingon)belocatedin(liein/standin)beinformedof(know)第二十二页，共46页。对比(duìbǐ)1.Thefilmwasmadebasedonatrueoldstory.Thefilmwasmadedependingonatrueoldstory.2.Devotedtohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.Devotinghimselftohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.3.Thewomankepthereyesfixedonherbabyforquitesometime.Thewomankepthereyeslookingatherbabyforquitesometime.第二十三页，共46页。分词作插入语但是(dànshì)也有分词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致的情况，如：　　分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思(yìsī)上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如：generallyspeaking一般说来，talkingof（speakingof）说道strictlyspeaking严格的说，judgingfrom从…判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看，considering---考虑到------takingallthingsintoconsideration　全面看来providedthat---/supposingthat---如果------例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.　从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。____________thepast,ourlifeisbecomingmuchbetter.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.ComparedWithD第二十四页，共46页。有些动词含义不同(bùtónɡ)，同一动词两种语态1.Consideringhisage,heisnotfitforthejob.Consideredthebestdetective,hewassenttotrackdowntheassassin2.Judgingfrompastperformances,heisnotlikelytodoverywellinhisexams.Judgedunpractical,theplanwasabandoned.第二十五页，共46页。下面(xiàmian)考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。1.____fromhisaccent,hemustbefromAustralia.A.JudgingB.Judged2.____innocent,hewassetfree.A.JudgingB.Judged3.____thestateofmindshewasin,she’dbetterstayathome.A.ConsideringB.Considered4.____mostuseful,Englishisstudiedbymillionsofpeopleintheworld.A.ConsideringB.Considered5._____tobethesymbolofthenation,theGreatWallhasbeenwellpreserved.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredABABB第二十六页，共46页。动词三种形态(xíngtài)比较_________(catch)theearlybus,hegotupearly.___________(catch)theearlybus,andyoucannotmissthemeeting.__________(catch)theearlybus,youcannotmissthemeeting.TocatchCatchCatching第二十七页，共46页。从句与主句主语不一致时使用独立(dúlì)结构名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词(fùcí)；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词)+介词短语构成。第二十八页，共46页。Theletterhavingbeenwritten,hetookittothepost．Whentheletterhadbeenwritten,hetookittothepost．Noonebeingagainstit,wewilladopttheproposal．Sincenooneisagainstit,wewilladopttheproposal．第二十九页，共46页。1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.  A.Therewas  B.Therebeing  C.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.  A.Timepermits  B.Iftimepermitted  C.Timepermitting  D.Time'spermitting3._____,weallwenthomehappily.  A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid  4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.  A.Itbeingfineweather    B.It’sbeingfineweather  C.Itwasfineweather    D.Itbeingafineweather  5.__________,Ihadtobuyanewone.  A.Mydictionarylosing    B.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost    D.Becausemydictionarylost高考(ɡāokǎo)连接第三十页，共46页。6.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.  A.As  B.For  C.With  D.Through7.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.  A.do    B.doing  C.done    D.todo  8.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.  A.trembling    B.trembled    C.weretrembling    D.weretrembling  9._________,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.  A.Allthingsconsidering      B.AllthingsconsideredC.Allthingswereconsidered  D.Withallthingswereconsidered第三十一页，共46页。I.Multiplechoice:1. _____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. DiscoveringB. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered 2. ----Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening? ----Sorry, Tom. ____ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you. A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepareD. Being not prepared3. The building _____ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building. A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painting 第三十二页，共46页。4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 5. —The English exam is not difficult, is it? —_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it.A. Yes; belongs B. No; belongedC. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging 第三十三页，共46页。6. .---What do you suppose made her worried? ---_______a gold ring. A. Lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 7. — Do you feel like _____ out? — No. I’d rather we _____ a taxi. A. to drive; take B. to drive; took C. driving; take D. driving; took 8. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total. A. made B. to make C. making D. having made 第三十四页，共46页。10. --- Lucy doesn’t seem to be what she was. --- No．______ so much in the war has made her more thoughtful. Seen B.Her seeing C.Having seen D.To have seen 11. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival? —Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out12.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundtheroomlightingand______A.enteredB.enteringC.toenterD.enter第三十五页，共46页。13. —How did you get in touch with Mrs. Green? —Well, it seems to me that you’ve forgotten_____her telephone number the other day. A. to tell B. to have told C. telling D. being told 14. _____several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. A. Having been failed B. Having failed C. Though failed D. Because of failure .第三十六页，共46页。14. ---What terrible weather! I simply can’t get the car ---Why not try_____the engine with some hot water? A. starting; filling B. start; filling C. started; to fill D. to start; fill 15. That’s the best way you thought of____ into the dangerous areas． A.stopping people gettingB.to stop people getting C.to keep people getting D.prevent people from getting 16. ____on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _____back to 2 hundred years ago.A.Standing; dating B.To stand; to dateC.Having stood; dating D.Stand;dated 第三十七页，共46页。1.TheOlympicGames,in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4.Theboylayonhisback,withhisteeth,hisrighthand,andhisglaringeyesstraightupward.A.set,raising,lookedB.set,raised,lookingC.setting,raised,lookedD.toset,raising,looking第三十八页，共46页。____fromspace,ourearth,withwater70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.A.Seeing,coveringB.Havingseen,coveredC.Tosee,coveredD.Seen,covering6.Mybrotherlefttheworkhalf,foryoucanfindmanybooksscatteredonthefloor.A.done,lyingB.doing,lainC.do,layD.did,lie第三十九页，共46页。8.Havingbeenservedlunch.A.theproblemwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubB.themembersoftheclubdiscussedtheproblemC.itwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubD.adiscussionoftheproblemwasmadebythemembers9.Hehaslotsofbooks,thatheisstillyoung.A.consideringB.consideredC.beingconsideredD.ourconsidering10.“moreattention,mypronunciationwillbeimprovedgreatly.”,and“___moretime,Iwillimprovemypronunciationgreatly”.A.Given,GivingB.Given,GivenC.Giving,GivingD.Giving,Given第四十页，共46页。11.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay___isknowtoall,Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’time.A.That,advancingB.ThisadvancedC.As,advancedD.It,advancing第四十一页，共46页。14.Jackdidn’tgethisbicyclesoonenoughatJack’s,forJohnhadalotofbicycles______atthetime.A.toberepaired,torepairB.repaired,torepairC.torepair,toberepairedD.torepair,repaired15.Shefeltratherthatsheshoulddrivethecaratsuchaspeed.A.frightening,frighteningB.frightened,frightenedC.frightening,frightenedD.frightened,frightening第四十二页，共46页。16.Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.　havewritten　B.tobewritten　C.beingwritten　D.written17.Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.　followed　B.following　C.tobefollowed　D.beingfollowed18._______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.Heating　B.Tobeheated　C.Heated　D.Heat19.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare　B.preparing　C.prepared　D.waspreparing　20.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.　A.Notreceiving　　B.Receivingnot　C.Nothavingreceived　D.Havingnotreceived　　第四十三页，共46页。21.Hewrotealettertohissister,_________thathewouldnotcomeback.A.sayingB.totellC.andtellingD.told22.Wemustkeepthem_______ofwhatisgoingonhere.A.informingB.informedC.toinformD.beinginformed23._____toleavethework______,theykeptatit,_____upuntil2o’clock.A.Notwanting,unfinished,stayed;B.Nottowant,unfinishing,stayedC.Notwanting,unfinished,staying;D.Nottowanting,unfinishing,staying第四十四页，共46页。25.Itisn’t_______thathefailedtopasstheexam.A.surpriseB.surprisingC.surprisedD.tosurprise26.Climbingmountainsis______,soweallfelt______.A.tiring,tiredB.tired,tiringC.tiring,tiringD.tired,tired28.Mary,youmustgetyourroom______todayafterschool.cleanedB.CleaningC.tocleanD.tobecleaned第四十五页，共46页。29.Keepyoumouth_______andyoureyes________.A.shut,openedB.shutting,openC.shut,openD.shutting,opened30.Thereisariver_______aroundourschool.A.torunB.runningC.runD.toberunning32.Thewatch________nowishers.A.repairedB.toberepairedC.beingrepairedD.havingbeenrepaired33.Mostofthepeople_______tothepartywereoldfriends.A.invitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.havingbeeninvited第四十六页，共46页。