Grammar (2)

人教课标高一必修1Unit1ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.MyfamilyandIarehidinginAmsterdam.ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.MyonlytruefriendisKitty—mydiary.ShesaidthatheronlytruefriendwasKitty—herdiary.Afterhidinghereforalongtime,I’vebecomecrazyaboutnature.Shesaidthatafterhidingthereforalongtime,shehadbecomecrazyaboutnature.Annesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech)ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.(Indirectspeech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech)。1.直接引语转变为间接引语时,从句由that引导,可省略;主句动词为一般将来时或现在时,从句动词时态不变。1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”Sheoftensays(that)allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.2.“Ilikereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstories.3.“Idon’tlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.Sarahtoldhimthatshedidn’tlikecars.2.直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1.Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”Shesaidshewashungry.2.Mumsaidtome,“Youcandoityourself.”MumtoldmethatIcoulddoitmyself.3.Mr.Smithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.’’Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.1.人称的变化1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat__lookedworriedthatday.2.Wesaidtoher,“They’recleaningtheroom.”Wetoldherthat____werecleaningtheroom.3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat__hadwalkedalongway.Itheyhe2.时态变化  直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。Hesays,“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthathetreatsmeashisson.1.主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。间接引语(变化后)直接引语(变化前)一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidheknewit.2.当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.间接引语(变化后)直接引语(变化前)现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.间接引语(变化后)直接引语(变化前)一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.间接引语(变化后)直接引语(变化前)一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.过去完成时“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.过去完成时JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时不变1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit____reallycold.was2.“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe______wanttogotherewithAlice.didn’t3.Theboysaid,“Iwillbeapilot.”Theboysaidthathe________apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey______________music. werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid______________hishomework.hehadfinished直接引语间接引语时间状语nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdaythenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodays’timetwodaysbefore3.其他变化  直接引语间接引语指示代词地点状语方向性动词thisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakeTheyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedif/whetheritiseasytosolvetheproblemwasTheyaskedifitwaseasytosolvetheproblem.Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”Heaskedwhenyouharvestthewheat.weharvestedTheyaskedwhenweharvestedthewheat.疑问句变为间接引语时,除了要把疑问语序改为陈述语序,由whether/if或特殊疑问词引导外,人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1.“Idon’tknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidn’tknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.“I’vegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.3.“Ineedtopackupmythingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.4.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”herfatheraskedher.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.Herfatheraskedherwhyshechose/hadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.5.Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.6.Margotaskedherwhatelseshehadhiddenunderherovercoat.“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.“Whatelsehaveyouhiddenunderyourovercoat?”Margotaskedher.7.Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.8.FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadtalkedsomuchtothatboy.“Whenshallwegobackhome?”Anneaskedherfather.“Whydidyoutalksomuchtothatboy?”FatheraskedAnne.由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变:→Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.Theteachersaid,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”1.不变的真理2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：Theteachersaid,“Thebabywasbornin2010.”→Theteachersaidthebabywasbornin2010.4.部分情态动词,如:must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述,yesterday/tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。A:Youneedn’tcomeheretomorrow.B:Whatdidshesay?C:Shesaidthatyouneedn’tcomeheretomorrow.1.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl___________crying_____.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_________________________.whyshewastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoff3.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy_____________________plane_______.whetherhehadseentheirhimself4.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher________thesun_____intheeast.whetherrisesReviewtherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.