新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 5

Unit5 Active reading (1) Language points 1 It was snowing heavily „ not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold „ (Para 1) To track down means to find something or someone after a long search. At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance, others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents. A place in society Unit 5 157 2 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne’s. (Para 2) The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previous remark, like even if it is / although „ 3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia „ (Para 2) The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US. 4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC with a congressman, a junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. (Para 2) Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners. A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a senior partner. A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor. The ability to think on one’s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations. 5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat „ who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless managed to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3) To know something inside out means to know something very well. A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circles in Washington and is therefore possibly independent. Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and she knew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an image with voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington too well or by becoming too much like other politicians). 6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3) The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have been seen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and therefore politicians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favour of reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of the negative effect of high emissions on climate change. A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it, especially change that makes a system fairer. The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be in Europe, and vice versa for speakers in Europe. 7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. (Para 3) The expression the word was means there was some talk that „, or people were saying that „ Unit 5 A place in society 158 The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president by the Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention before a presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for the nomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in the Republican party. 8 He’d never been to Joanne’s „ which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers. (Para 4) To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly. A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances or programmes. The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-known name. Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area. The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was not for its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimes played). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists – anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in the government. 9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5) The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up and down. 10 “Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,” and clicked his fingers to summon another waiter to show them to their table. (Para 8) Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks. To click one’s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone. 11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22) To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise. To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this shows embarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake. 12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23) America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countries are supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was so distinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat. 13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he or she is unsure for the moment. A place in society Unit 5 159 Reading and understanding 2 Answer the questions. 1 Where and when is the story set? The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve. 2 Who is Josh? Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is an African-American. 3 Why does he go to Joanne’s? He has an appointment at Joanne’s. 4 Who is Jo Rogers? Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America. 5 How does the head waiter greet Josh? He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely. 6 Where does he eventually seat him? At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icy breeze is blowing. 7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives? Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause. 8 What suggestion does the head waiter make? He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can see everybody, or everybody can see her. 9 Does Jo accept the invitation? No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there. 3 Choose the best summary of the passage. Teaching tips Ask Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below. 1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to a table by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with the young man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politician declines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too. Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t give any conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend. 2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her election campaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they can speak informally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room, but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable to discuss politics. Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’s because it is a famous restaurant. Unit 5 A place in society 160 3 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sit in the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. When Ms Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes that her friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too, and tries to make up for it, but it is too late. Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh. The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of the colour of his skin, but it is implied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story. Dealing with unfamiliar words 4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Teaching tips • To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in the box and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer among the definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example: A: Can you tell me the meaning of “sophisticated”? B: Yes, just a moment „ it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject. That’s No 3. A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word) • In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. They should try to speak fluently. 1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation) 2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense) 3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated) 4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive) 5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent) 6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit) 7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate) 8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter) 5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionally the more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive. One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaign which comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign, for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. They also need a lot of new (4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working, (5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot of problems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to be able to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style and organization of the election campaign. A place in society Unit 5 161 Additional activity When Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation for Cultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around the world. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg to make it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the information and make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example: A: And now it’s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we share some insights into election campaigns in the US „ I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC, the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main political parties? B: Yes. There are two big political parties ... A: And what about the election campaigns? B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in American political life ... A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits? ... A: Well, that’s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for Cultural Encounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro „ 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company. 2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable) 3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption) 4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering) 5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful) 6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged) 7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient) 8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause) 7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. Teaching tips As an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each student then gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothing unless there is a problem. 1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search? 2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly? 3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well? 4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen? 5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time? 6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not many people there? Unit 5 A place in society 162 7 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away? 8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it? 9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time? Active reading (2) Language points 1 The company sent one of their engineers „ where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineering firm „ (Para 1) The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and related matters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East and North Africa. 2 This annoyed Johannesson and his superiors „ but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there. (Para 1) An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groups involved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying to persuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them. 3 Just when Johannesson’s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation’s investment in these expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2) To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision. 4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily be resolved „ (Para 3) A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are that conflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become a source of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented. Unit 5 A place in society 168 5 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5) The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, with grandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclear family (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology. 6 The “we” group is distinct from other people in society who belong to “they” groups, of which there are many. The “we” group (or in-group) is the major source of one’s identity „ (Para 5) The in-group is the “we” group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. The complementary group is the out-group or the “they” group to which the in-group may sometimes be opposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups. Reading and understanding 3 Choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Who was Johannesson? (a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia. (b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia. (c) An engineer working for a Swedish company. (d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree. 2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia? (a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm. (b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government. (c) To take the place of a Swedish engineer who was already there. (d) To learn about Saudi customs and traditions. 3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meetings with the Saudis? (a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking. (b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring. (c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English. (d) Another Swedish man was always present. 4 What happened after the contract was signed? (a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation. (b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden. (c) The attitude of the Saudis towards Johannesson changed. (d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia.