中国文化英语教程Unit 4

IntroductionTheTempleofHeavenwasconstructedduringthereignofEmperorYongle(r.1403-1424)oftheMingDynasty(1368-1644),andcompletedin1420,aboutthesametimeastheForbiddenCity.WhenEmperorYonglemovedthecapitalfromNanjingtoBeijingin1420,itwasattheTempleofHeaventhatheperformedtheimportantritualofpayingtributetoHeavenandEarth.EmperorYongleIntroductionCeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorHoldingNatureinAweHumanityandHeaveninCommunionTextstudyComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)TheTempleofHeavenandtheForbiddenCitywerecompletedalmostatthesametime.___2)TheemperorusedtomakeofferingstoHeavenatthetempletwiceayear.___3)AncientChinesepeopleregardeddisastersaspunishmentfromHeaven.TTT___4)Themaincolorofthebuildingsforthetempleisyellow.FLead-inWatchavideoclipofTheTempleofHeaven,andtrytotakedownsomewordsthatusedtodescribeit,.Answer:asliceofheaven,mysterious,interesting,stone-and-wood,wonderfulThefollowingisatourguidetotheTempleofHeaven.Theparagraphsaregiveninthewrongorder.Youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentpassage.Themapbelowisforyourreference.CommunicationIntroductionNearly600yearslater,theTempleofHeavenstillstandsintactinthesouthofBeijing.ApplicationThefollowingisapassageabouttheTempleofEarth.Theunderlinedsentenceistakenfromthepassage.Choosethebestplacewherethesentencecouldbeputfrom[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forthousandsofyears,theChinesehavebelievethatimportantcosmicthingscouldbesymbolizedusingcommonshapesanddirections.TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests(祈年殿)wasthesiteofthespringrituals,wheretheemperorandtheministerswouldgatherfortheceremonysignifiedbythenameofthehall.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorCeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorNote:祈年殿是皇帝每年正月上辛日举行祈谷礼的地方，据说设计时以圆形平面象征天，以四龙井柱象征四季，以十二根金柱和檐柱分别象征十二月和十二时辰。OntheWinterSolstice(冬至),theywouldmakeofferingsattheCircularMoundAltar(圜丘坛),toshowtheirgratitudeforthegreatcompassion(同情)ofHeaventowardthehumanworld.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor圜丘坛全景Abird’s-eyeviewoftheCircularMoundAltarLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentIntimesofdroughtorflood,theemperorwouldcometheCircularMoundAltarwithcivilandmilitaryofficialstoprayforassistancefromHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorOnlytheemperorcouldprayattheTempleofHeaven.Ordinarypeoplewerenotallowedaccess.YettheideaofshowingaweandrespecttoHeavenwasnotreservedfortheemperoralone,butwassharedbythepeopleaswell.TheworshipofHeavenamongtheChinesedatesbacktoover3,000yearsago.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorTraditionalChineseviewonheavenOurancestorsbelievedthatHeaven,alsoknownasthe“HeavenlyDeity(天神)”or“HeavenlyEmperor(天帝)",wasthemysteriousforcethatdirectedallthingsonEarth,suchasnaturalharvestsandpersonalfate.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorNaturaldisastersonEarthwereregardedaswarningstopeopleforwrongdoingsofonekindoranother.Andcalamity(灾害)wastakenasthepunishmentfromHeaven.InthesecondyearofthereignofEmperorGuangxu(r.1875-1908),theHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestswasburneddowninabigfire.Theemperorlosthiscomposure(镇静)atthenewsandalltheministersturnedashen,believingthedisastertobeabadomen(预兆)fromHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorTotheancientChinese,however,Heavenwasmoreinclinedtowardloveandtolerance,punishingpeopleonlyoccasionally.Thus,ourforebearswerealwaysgratefultoHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorThelayoutCarefulvisitorswillnoticethecentripetal(向心的)structuresofthetwomainbuildings:theCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests.ThistypeofarchitecturegivesoneasenseofreachinguptoHeavenwhileascendingthesteps.HoldingNatureinAweHumanityandHeaveninCommunion皇穹宇：祭天所用“皇天上帝”牌位平时即贮于此，是—座圆形单檐攒尖蓝琉璃瓦顶建筑，殿有八根内柱，上部挑出镏金斗拱，承圆形天花，宛如伞盖。IfyoustandontheHeavenlyHeartStoneontheCircularMoundAltar,youcanhearyourvoicerisefromunderneathyourfeetandechobackfromthewallaroundtheAltar.Theresoundingecho,accordingtothedesigners,representsHeaven'sreplytowhateverthespeakerasksfor.HumanityandHeaveninCommunionWhenyoustandinsidetheouterwalloftheImperialVaultofHeaven,andspeakintothewall,afriendatapointfartherawayalongthewallcanhearyourvoice;itresemblesmakingaphonecalltosomeone.HumanityandHeaveninCommunionEchowallHumanityandHeaveninCommunionThisphenomenon,duetothemuchshorterlengthofthesoundwavescomparedtotheradiusoftheroundwall,gaverisetothenickname"echowall"fortheouterrimoftheVault.___5)YoucanreachuptoHeavenwhileascendingthestepsofthebuildings.___6)Accordingtothedesigners,theHeavenlyHeartStonecangiveHeaven'sreplytowhateverthemortalsaskfor.FTComprehension1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.1)TheareaoftheTempleofHeavenistimesthatoftheForbiddenCity.2)TheemperormightalsocometotheTempleofHeavenintimesofdroughtorfloodinorderto.3)OurancestorswerealwaysgratefultoHeavenbecause_______________________________.II.CarefulReadingComprehensionnearlyfiveprayforassistancefromHeavenHeavenwasmoreinclinedtowardloveandtolerance,punishingpeopleonlyoccasionally4)TotheChinesepeople,____________________arequalitiesofHeaven.6)Theprincipleofthe"echowall"isthat______________________________________________________________________________________.5)Thecentripetalstructuresofthetwomainbuildingsgiveoneasenseof______________________________________________________.ComprehensionpurityandsublimityreachinguptoHeavenwhileascendingthestepscomparedtoTheradiusoftheroundwall,thelengthofthesoundwavesismuchshorter1)triple-terraced5)tablet2)foundations3)tiers4)flagstone三层的台基排石板檐板2.ThefollowingarethewordsandexpressionsrelatedtoTempleofHeaven.TranslatethemintoChinese.Comprehension6)altar7)echowall8)thematiccolor9)centripetalstructures祭坛回音壁主色调向心结构ComprehensionCommunicationA.Thetemple'smainbuildingistheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests,wheretheemperorprayedforgoodharvests.Itisamagnificenttriple-gabledcircularbuilding,30metersindiameterand38meterstall,builtonthreelevelsofmarblestonebase.Thebuildingiscompletelywooden,withoutanynails.B.TheImperialVaultofHeavenisasingle-gabledcircularbuilding,builtonasinglelevelofmarblestonebase.ItislocatedsouthoftheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsandresemblesitinshape,butissmaller.Itissurroundedbyasmoothcircularwall,theEchoWall,thatcantransmitsoundsoverlongdistances.TheImperialVaultisconnectedtotheHallofPrayerbytheVermilionStepsBridge,a360-meter-longupwardwalkwaythatslowlyascendsfromtheVaulttotheHallofPrayer.CommunicationC.TheTempleofHeavenissituatedinthesoutheasternpartofcentralBeijing,inXuanwuDistrict.ItwasinscribedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1998andwasdescribedas"amasterpieceofarchitectureandlandscapedesignwhichsimplyandgraphicallyillustratesacosmogonyofgreatimportancefortheevolutionofoneoftheworld'sgreatcivilizations..."ThesymboliclayoutanddesignoftheTempleofHeavenhadaprofoundinfluenceonthearchitectureandcityplanningintheFarEastovermanycenturies.CommunicationD.Thetempleconsistsoftwoparts:theinneraltarandtheouteraltar.Themainbuildingsareintheinneraltaronthenorth-southaxis.AtthesouthernendaretheImperialVaultofHeavenandtheCircularMoundAltar,andatthenorthernendaretheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsandtheHallofImperialZenith.CommunicationE.AroundtheHallofAbstinencearetwoimperialditchesandtheyarecircledbya163-baywalkway.TheAbstinenceBronzeManPavilionandTimeandMemorialTabletsPavilionareattheCelestialTerraceofthemainhall.Toaddthesolemnityoftheoccasion,thebellsinthetwobelltowersatthenortheastendweretolledwhentheemperorprayforgoodharvest.F.TheCircularMoundAltaristhealtarinnature,locatedsouthoftheImperialVaultofHeaven.Itisanemptycircularplatformonthreelevelsofmarblestone,wheretheEmperorprayedforfavorableweather.Itwasbuiltin1530bytheJiajingEmperorandrebuiltin1740.CDABFECommunicationApplicationThankYou!