Narrative essay(叙述文)
Orientation ^ record of the event (who? what? When? Where? How? Why?) ^ coda
Description of a place
Orientation ^ detailed features (location ^ area ^ population ^ landscape ^ local customs ^ local specialties ^ history [it depends on the writing purposes]) ^ coda
Description of a person
Orientation (informing the reader who the person is) ^physical details about the person (informing the reader what the person looks like) ^ non-physical features of the person (informing the reader what or why the person impresses you most) ^ coda
Argumentative essay
Proposition or introduction (clarifying the controversy and state your viewpoint) ^ sufficient evidence to confirm your point of view or refute the opposing views (using examples, facts, statistic findings, or personal experiences and observation) ^ restatement of your thesis
Division and classification exposition (分级说明) Orientation (naming the subject that you are going to divide or classify; stating your purpose of your classification or division) ^division and classification (describing and defining each group and using examples to illustrate them) ^coda (advise the reader; look into the future; and point out exception)
Cause and effect expository
Orientation (getting your readers to ask why or so what) ^causes and/or effects of a certain event (depending on the writing purposes) ^coda (making a conclusion)
Comparison and contrast expository(对比说明) Orientation (explaining your purpose in making the comparison and contrast or providing the background information which promotes you to do the writing) ^ similarities and differences ^coda (proposing an action, stimulating the reader or making a generalization)
Process and analysis exposition(分析说明)
Orientation (including the subject of your explanation and the process you are going to explain.)^ Specific steps in proper order (time order, space order or in the order of their importance) ^coda (making a summary of all the steps or give the reader some encouragement in cheery words)
Exemplification exposition(举例说明)
Your thesis statement (informing the reader what is your point) ^elaboration with specific examples (explaining and clarifying your point) ^ coda (reinforcement of the thesis)
Book review
Information about the author ^ title ^ genre ^ background ^ publishing information (where and when) ^ main contents ^ your comments (mainly on the contents and also on the writing style, or the techniques of presentation)
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