Lesson 3Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Lesson Three Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move.
And Cultures Change.
Teaching hours: 6
Teaching requirements: Build the students’ vocabulary power. Help the students to get the general ideas of the text about globalization and understanding of the various aspects related to globalization; Cultivating a sense of global awareness; Build the students’ writing skills by analyzing the rhetorical device of contrast and careful choice of words.
Key points of teaching: a more perceptive understanding on globalization by learning the text; writing style analysis of the typical piece of journalistic writing
Teaching contents
1. Pre-class work
1.1 Background Information
1) Erla Zwingle: former National Geographic editor. I am a freelance journalist and have been writing for many magazines for several decades, on subjects ranging from photography to sports to people, places, and things. I have traveled from the slums of India and Sao Paulo to private clubs in Saint-Moritz, and met people from geologists studying nuclear waste storage to farmers harvesting their olives for oil. Muslims in Norway, environmental activists in Greece, art restorers in Italy—I'm used to meeting people and I love learning new things.
2) Culture: the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought; the ideas, beliefs and customs that are shared by people in a society; all the arts, beliefs, social institutions etc. characteristic of a community or a race.
Activity 1: Identify and explain what culture is. What is culture? Discuss. [Culture is a way of life shared by a group. It is a learned behavior, passed on by each generation. Culture embraces a people’s lifestyle, values, and beliefs.] Ask students to list items they think are part of culture [e.g., music, literature, art, religion, traditions, dress, food, architecture, education, government] gather information and write a definition of what culture is.
?3) Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world's economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas. It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation, and trade. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture through acculturation.
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on
1
political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalization has therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the flow of capital, labor, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalization.
Activity 2:Examine and analyze how technology influences the spatial processes of cultural convergence and divergence. Have students examine and analyze how communications and transportation technologies contribute to cultural convergence (i.e., how electronic media, computers, and jet aircraft connect distant places in a close network of contact through cross-cultural adaptation). How do they see themselves in this convergence? Students should draw a map and write an essay reflecting their findings. They should address the question: How does the role of technology affect the ways in which culture influences spread and influence the way people live?
1.2 Questions for discussion
What’s the author’s attitude towards globalization?
Do you think globalization equals to Americanization?
What’s your reaction to th e changed culture? Are you ready for this challenge?
1.3 Synonyms for globalization: mixing, merging, fusion, blending
2. Detailed study of the text
2.1 Reading for the main idea
Globalization is an inevitable historical process. There will be a diversity of cultures coexisting in the world, and these cultures are brought together not only by technology or business but more importantly by common aspiration and shared values. (Globalization will not lead to Americanization but a coexistence of transformed culture made possible by common aspiration and shared values of human beings.)
2.2 Language points
smallish: fairly small
seedy: shabby, rundown
thrift shop: a shop that sells used articles, especially clothing, as to benefit a charitable organization
catch on: become popular and fashionable
original: not derived from something else; fresh and unusual; new
come up with: think of an idea, plan or reply; produce
punk: a type of loud violent music popular in the late 1970s and 1980s
morph: turn into variants form without changing the essence
geek: performer of grotesque or depraved acts
chunky: short and thick
tile: a marked playing piece, as in mahjong
2.3 Text analysis
?This is a piece of argumentation. The author approaches the issue of “globalization”
from a historical perspective instead of a political or economic one.
?Effective writing skill: the rhetorical device of contrast
Part I (paras.1—3) the beginning
Globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. What is new is the speed and scope of changes.
Part II (paras.4—6) different views on globalization
Part III (paras.7—9) three points in this part: Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either; Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them; Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.
Part IV (paras.10—13) the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman, a cool hunter
Part V (paras.14—19) in order to prove that fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Sloper and Mah-jongg as an example.
Part VI (para.20) we should notice something in China.
Part VII (paras.21—24) the cultural trends in Shanghai
Part VIII (paras.25—28) the author used the experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas.
Part IX (paras.29—34) the author in this part introduced Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order.
Part X (para.35) linking
Part XI (para.36) change
Part XII (paras.37—39) the author again used an example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of cultures.
Part XIII (para.40) linking is humanity’s natural impulse.
?Part I (Paras. 1-3) Globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. What is new is the speed and scope of changes.
?Part II (Paras. 4-6) This part deals with different views on globalization.
?Part III (Paras. 7-9) Three points are made in this part: 1) Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. 2) Cultures are resourceful, resilient and unpredictable as the
people who compose them. 3) Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.
Part I
?Part I (Paras. 1-3) Globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. What is new is the speed and scope of changes. Language Points in Part I
1. Be in the throes of: struggling with the task of sth/of doing sth
2. A tectonic shift of habits and dreams: a profound change of habits and dreams 经受一种
习俗与追求的巨大变化
3. A wild assortment of changes: a great variety of changes
4. Weaving commercial and cultural connections: making contracts in trade and culture 开展
商业和文化交流
5. Ventured afield: undertook the risk of getting away from home
6. Wrought fundamental changes: brought about essential changes
7. Tied tighter and more intricate knots between individuals and the wider world 把个人与广阔的世界更紧密也更复杂地连接在一起
Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”.
In the throes of: in the struggle with (a problem, decision, task, etc)
Tectonic: relating to structural deformation of the earth’s crust
今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫”全球化”.
?Question 1: How does the author begin this article?
The author begins the a rticle with the statement “Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures” which is called globalization. Here the author points out that globalization is a world movement and a movement of reformation of cultures. She does not say merging of cultures but reformation of cultures, indicating the cultures in the world will continue to exist but they will not be the same.
?Yet globalization, as one report stated, “is a reality, not a choice”.
Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to.
Why does the author say that “…is a reality, not a choice?==
?Globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.
cultures change
?How do cultures change in the eyes of the writer ?
Para3/4/5/8/35/36
Para3./1
Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures changes.
a) dy namic:… ?
adj.
n.
Part II: Paras. 4-6
This part deals with different views on globalization.
Language Points in Part II
?Flatten every cultural crease: 抹去所有的文化差异
?Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties: Political groups with broad
support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness
among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.得到公众支持的派别开始利用民族主义者的忧虑。
Para. 4: how do cultures change
Whatever their background or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld”.
Crease: wrinkling, a line caused by folding
?不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充满美国货和体现美国价值观的世界.
?Para. 5 How do cultures change
?Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.
?Meaning: Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign cultural assault.
?In China, where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand, Meaning: in China, the two trends of closed-door and open door policies have long been struggling for dominance.
?IS the author’s summary of the book accurate?
?No. the writers of the book do express some strong nationalist feelings, but they are not irrational. Their arguments are not groundless, though they contain serious flaws. And they are not simply asking people to reject anything foreign. To call them xenophobic is neither correct nor fair.
?Para. 6
Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.
The Chinese people should continue to live in a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.
Part III Paras.7-9
?Part III (Paras. 7-9) Three points are made in this part: 1) Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. 2) Cultures are resourceful, resilient and unpredictable as the people who compose them. 3) Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures. ( What are the three points made by the author concerning cultural changes ? )
Language Points in Part III
1) A phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies: a concept full of self-contradiction一
种充满矛盾的现象
2)Point to: emphasize
3)Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either: Westernization is
neither terribly bad nor extremely good.
4)The ostensible fountainhead of world cultural degradation: 世界文化堕落的明显的源头
5)Hang out: often visit a place
6)Rap music: 说唱音乐
7)Cool hunters: 猎酷者
8)Take me in hand: to control me as to show me how to behave 向我示范
?Para. 7 Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. Westernization,…is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and popu lated by very strange bedfellows.
(be) shot through with: to have a lot of, as if full of holes after a shotgun blast. Inconsistencies: not uniform, inharmonious
?Bedfellow: an associate, ally,etc.
?Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different background or views.
?Para. 8 How do cultures change
?Cultures are resourceful, resilient and unpredictable as the people who compose them. ?Resourceful :able to deal promptly and effectively with problems, difficulties, etc. ?Resilient: recovering strength, spirits
?Resourceful, resilient and unpredictable are proven by the three example of: Hollywood high school(32 different languages: diversity) ;shanghai and India.
?不过,我也发现文化就如构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应便,富有弹性而且不可预测.
Part IV. (Paras. 10-13)
?Part IV. (Paras. 10-13) This part tells of the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman, a cool hunter. (Who is Amanda Freeman? What’s the author’s
experience with her? )
?“You don’t have to be cool to do it,” she said. “You just have to have the eye.”
Pa raphrase: In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don’t need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.
Language Points in Part IV
1)Shoulder-length brown hair: 棕色的披肩发
2)You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye: In trying to find out
what will be the future trend, you don’t need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be observant.
3) A smallish ’50s-style diner in a slight seedy pocket east of Hollywood: a small restaurant
built in the style of the 1950s in a somewhat run-down area in the east of Hollywood
4)The thrift shops: 旧货店
Part V (Paras. 14-19)
Part V (Paras. 14-19) In order to prove fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Sloper and mah-jongg as an exampl e. (In what way is Tom Sloper typical?)
Language Points in Part V
1) A computer geek:电脑怪人;电脑痴
2)A mah-jongg fanatic: 麻将迷
3)This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result:
Since America is an open and technologically advanced country with a large market for unusual things, Tom found the necessary conditions to design a software program
combining computer technology with the rules of mah-jongg, and he was able to sell his product.
4.Habitual partners: 老搭档
5. A real night owl: 真正的夜猫子
6.Be up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones: 在网络世界活动,这种活动
超越时区。
Para.19
He, an American playing a Chinese game with people in Germany, Wales, Ohio, and Minnesota, was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.
?Paraphrase: He was playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.
Part VI (Para. 20)
?If it seems…consider China.
?This sentence serves as a transition.
?Fast-forward blur: moving so fast into the future that outlines are blurred as if images on a video tape being played on fast forward.
?如果说西方的生活太超前了,已经看不清楚轮廓了,那么就看看中国.
Part VII (Paras, 21-24)
?This part describes the cultural trends in Shanghai. (The author makes a contrast between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s. Which one does she prefer? How do you know?)
Language Points in Part VI
1) A fast-forward blur: moving so fast into the future that outlines are blurred as if images
on a video tape being played on fast forward
2)Buick sales outlet: 别克轿车的销售点
3)Elegant villas and imposing office building: 优雅的别墅和雄伟的办公大楼
4)Traffic crawls: 车辆缓慢爬行
5)The cultural dislocation: 文化混乱
?Para. 22:
?Rip itself into ribbon: tear itself into shreds (a long, irregular strip)
The phrase shows the author’s attitude: once Shanghai’s buildings were elegant and imposing, now Shanghai has torn itself into shreds and the results could not have been good.
?In a decade scores of gleaming new skyscrapers have shot up to crowd and jostle the skyline, cramp the narrow winding streets, and choke the parks and open spaces with their sheer soaring presence.
Scores of: a large number of
Shoot up: appear or grow like mushroom
sheer: steep
Soaring: rising up higher than usual
?十年中,大量闪闪发光的新的摩天大楼拔地而起,挤压空间,使人张目不能远眺,使原本狭窄弯曲的街道更嫌压抑,而这些高耸大楼的存在也使公园和空地感到憋气.
Para. 22
In its first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $ 100,00.
explain: The Gucci Store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.
Para.23
Main idea: This paragraph tells of changes in the life of ordinary people—changes in the amount of money spend on food, on clothes and in money spent on new items, such as travel.
Engel's coefficient
?恩格尔系数Engel's coefficient--the proportion of expense on food to the consumption expense
?食物支出金额÷总支出金额x100%=恩格尔系数
?联合国根据恩格尔系数的大小,对世界各国的生活水平有一个划分
标准
excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载
,即一个国家平均家庭恩格尔系数大于60%为贫穷;50%-60%为温饱;40%-50%为小康;30%-40%属于相对富裕;20%-30%为富裕;20%以下为极其富裕。
Part VIII Paras. 25-28
?The author used the experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy to
illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas.(What
example does the author give to illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas?)
Language Points in Part VII
1)The truly great leap forward her is at the level of ideas: the real progress lies in the
change of ideas.
2)The lighting was heavy on shadows, with frequent flashes.灯光集中在鬼影上,常常夹有
闪电。
3)It strained imagination that …难以想象……
?Potential: this is largely a Western concept.
Potential: the capacity for use or development.
Potential is a concept used in physics or electricity which are subjects first studied in West. ?Macbeth: one of the four tragedies by Shakespeare.
The other three being: Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear.
It’s clear that the truly great leap forward here is at the level of ideas.
It is clear that the real progress, the progress that matters most, lies in the change of ideas.
?Para. 26-28
?It strained imagination that this could be the same country where a generation ago the three most desired luxury items were wristwatches, bicycles, and sewing machines.
?Strained: put oneself to strenuous effort.
?=it requires great effort to imagine=it is unimaginable…
?难以想象就是这个国家,二十年前人们最想要的本样贵重物品是手
表
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,自行车和缝纫机.
?Part IX (Paras. 29-34)
?The author in this part introduced Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order. (What did Toffler mean when he said “order grows out of chaos”?
How does Toffler define “wave”? )
Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture: From the very
beginning I knew I need some guideline to help me in my study of global culture, to guide me through such a great variety of cultural phenomena.
Language Points in Part VIII
1)Smokestack countries: 重工业国家
2)knowledge-based economies: 知识经济
3)Fijian TV: 斐济电视台
4)Compass: A device used to determine geographic direction
5)Wilds: a wilderness or wasteland: (cultural phenomena that are not understood by people)
6)born October 4, 1928 in New York City2) is an American writer and futurist, known for
his works discussing the digital revolution, communication revolution, and technological singularity.
7) A former associate editor of Fortune magazine, his early work focused on technology and
its impact (through effects like information overload). Then he moved to examining the reaction of and changes in society. His later focus has been on the increasing power of 21st century military hardware, weapons and technology proliferation, and capitalism.
Part IX (Paras. 29-34)
?Paras. 30-34
Order grows out of chaos.
=significant change came as a result of conflict.
Conflict: wave conflict=mode of production: how to produce goods.
2 modes: industrially dominant countries and predominantly agrarian countries.
The 3rd type of countries: changing from agrarian to industrial country.
?Para. 30: Toffler’s definition of current conflict:
He holds that the current conflicts are not conflicts between East and West, not between North and South but between dominantly industrial countries and dominantly agrarian countries plus internal conflicts within countries that are partly one and partly the other.
What’s your opinion?
?Para. 31: definition of wave and the three waves.
Definition of wave: major changes in civilization.
3 waves: the 1st wave came with the development of agriculture (the use of iron tools in historical materialism); the 2nd wave with industry; the third wave is based on information.
?Para. 32
What is Toffler’s analysis of the current international order?
He holds that the present order is a trisection order. According to him, the agrarian nations are at the bottom, knowledge-based economies on top, with industrialized countries in between. Trisection: division into three (equal) parts.
Smokestack: a large chimney
Part IX (Paras. 29-34)
?Para. 34:
?What is meant by Toffler when he says that you will be the Chinese of the future, not of the past?
?When he says Chinese, he is not talking about the people but the Chinese culture. Of course the Chinese culture in the information age cannot be the same as the culture in Confucian times.
Part X: Para. 35 the meaning of global culture
?Para. 35: Goods move, people move, ideas move
?Accordin g to the author, what’s the meaning of global culture?
What’s your opinion? It is cheaper for business to import talented employees than to train people at home.
It is true. This is called brain drain. Silicon Valley employs many scientists from China and Indian and one third of Chinese graduates from top universities go to U.S. every year.
What is the traditional thinking of Japanese and what are the new possibilities in terms of the contents of the text?
The Japanese are very traditional in their thinking. They are taught to be loyal to their companies and work for the whole life for the companies. Now, the new generation of Japanese are influenced by American idea of individualism, they want to control their own fate and change jobs from time to time to realize their dreams.
Part XI. Para. 36
?Para. 36
?Main idea: the driving force of globalization (According to the author, what is the driving force of globalization?)
There will not be a uniform culture in the future; the cultures will coexist and transform each other.
?The function of the statement: It’s reality, not a choice?
?It serves as a recapitulation (summary) of the idea stated in Paragraph 2 and a re-emphasis of the point that globalization is already a matter of life. It also serves as a bridge leading to the discussion of the driving force of globalization.
Language Points in Part X
?It’s a reality, not a choice: it is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a
matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.
?Aspire to: have strong desire to achieve sth.
Part XII (Paras. 37-39)
Main Idea:
The author again used an example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of cultures.
?(Why des the author mention her experience in Shanghai? When the author mentions her
experience at a Jewish gathering in Shanghai, what does she want to prove? )
?She wants to use the incident to prove different cultures can coexist and learn from each other while maintaining their own identity.
?The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.
Paraphrase: the way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.
Meaning: The author, neither Chinese nor Jewish, felt at home at the gathering also shows a kind of harmony: there are things in one culture which are shared by other cultures. In other words, there are things in common in all cultures. This is the basis for mutual understanding and coexistence.
Language Points in Part XI
?Yom Kippur: 犹太教赎罪日
?Preside over: be in control of
?Kept their own identity: 保持他们的本色
?Penitence for something: sorrow or regret for having done something wrong
Part VIII (Para. 40)
?Para. 40 globalization is inevitable.
?The concluding paragraph makes clear her view of globalization. (Does the author think that in the future there would be one “Mcworld”? What is her attitude?)
The reason why globalization is inevitable: linking is humanity’s natural impulse.
Language Points in Part XII
?Linking is humanity’s natural impulse, its common destiny. 相互联系是人类的自然欲
望,是其共同的命运。
?The ties that bind people around the world are not merely technological or commercial.
They are the powerful cords of the heart.把全世界人民联系起来的不是技术进步或商业往来,而是强有力的心灵的纽带。
3. Summary and discussion on the writing style of journalistic writing (1 teaching hour)
3.1 Historical tone to present arguments
3.2 Careful choice of words to express the positive mood or attitude
3.3 Rhetorical device of contrast
?Rhetoric---parallelism
?Definition: The use of similar structures in two or more clauses
?Feature: Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases.
Examples:
1. Designed with a computer. Silenced by a laser. Built by a robot
2. It’s a written language. It’s an oral language. It’s an electronic language. It’s an interactive language. And it’s a language.
3.It is made differently. It is made using ancient production process. It is made pouring painstaking efforts of many scientists. It is fruit of human science.
4. We are caught in war, wanting peace. We're torn by division, wanting unity.
5.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. (Herbert Spencer)
6.Studies serve for delight,for ornament (a person or thing whose good quality improve sth) ,and for ability. (The most important purpose of studies ).
7.We can gain knowledge by reading,by reflection,by observation or by practice (The target of gaining knowledge)
8. Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change (The final stage of globalization)
Questions and exercises
1. Do exercise 5 on page 50 of the textbook.
2. Comment on the author’s devices of writing journalistic writing.
3. Write an essay about your attitude towards the negative side of globalization.
4. Topic for debate: Do you think the outcome of globalization is uniformity or diversity?
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