压力容器
工程
路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理
规定
Engineering Specification for Pressure Vessels
C O N T E N T S
目录
1. GENERAL 概述
1.1 Scope 范围
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations
规范
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、
标准
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及规章
1.3 Units 单位
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸及文件
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸及文件
1.6 Site Condition 现场条件
2. DESIGN 设计
2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力
2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度
2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度
2.4 Materials 材料
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算
2.6 Tolerances 允许偏差
3. DETAIL DESIGN 详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads 容器壁及顶
3.2 Internals 内件
3.3 Nozzles and Manholes 设备口及人孔
3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets 螺栓、螺母及垫片
3.5 Supports 支架
3.6 Miscellaneous 其它
4. FABRICATION 制作
4.1 Plate Layout 排板
4.2 Forming 成型
4.3 Welding 焊接
4.4 Heat Treatment 热处理
5. INSPECTION AND TESTS 检测及试验
6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING 铭牌、刷漆及标识
6.1 Nameplate 铭牌
6.2 Painting 刷漆
6.3 Marking 标识
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING 包装和运输
7.1 General 概述
7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping 包装与运输准备
7.3 Shipping 运输
Appendix A: Tolerance for Pressure Vessels 附A：压力容器允许偏差
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This specification together with the engineering drawings covers the requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection, testing and supply of pressure vessels used for CIBA SBR 3rd line project in
Zhenjiang, the People’s Republic of China.
本规范及工程图纸包含对中国镇江CIBA SBR第3条线工程中使用的压力容器的材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应的要求。
This specification shall be referred to also for the non-pressure vessels except for the requirements of local regulation if vessel shape is similar to pressure vessels.
本规范也可用于外形与压力容器相同的非压力容器。
1.1.2 The definition of pressure vessels shall be in accordance with “The Pressure Vessels Safety Technology Supervision Procedures” in the People’s Republic of China.
压力容器的限定根据中国的“压力容器安全技术监督程序”进行。
1.1.3 This specification does not apply, in general, to auxiliary pressure vessels which are attached to turbines, engines, pumps, compressors and other mechanical equipment which are normally designed under the manufacturer’s standard.
一般情况下，本规范不适用于涡轮、发动机、泵、压缩机及其它依照厂家标准设计制造的机械设备的附属压力容器。
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations 规范、标准及规章
1.2.1 Pressure vessels fabricated in China shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of the following codes, standards and regulations of the latest edition.
中国制作的压力容器必须根据以下最新版的规范、标准及规章的要求进行设计、制作、检测及试验。
(1) The Pressure Vessels Safety Technology Supervision Procedures (1999 edition)
压力容器安全技术监督程序（1999年版）
(2) Steel Pressure Vessels GB150－1998 钢制压力容器
(3) Technical Specification for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制压力容器制作技术规范
(4) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels JB/T4735－1997 钢制焊接常压容器
(5) Basic Specification for Steel Chemical Vessel Design HG20580-1998 钢制化学容器设计基本规范
(6) Specification for Materials Selection of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20581-1998
钢制化学容器材料选择规范
(7) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20582-1998
钢制化学容器强度计算规范
(8) Specification for Structural Design of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20583-1998
钢制化学容器结构设计规范
(9) Technical Requirements for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制化学容器制作技术要求
(10) Mechanical Agitation Equipment HG/T20569-94 机械搅拌设备
(11) Mechanic Properties Test of Welding Specimen for Steel Pressure Vessels JB 4744-2000
钢制压力容器焊接样品机械性能试验
(12) Nondestructive Test of Pressure Vessels JB4730-2000 压力容器无损检测
(13) Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4726-2000
碳钢及低合金钢锻制压力容器
(14) Stainless Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4728-2000 不锈钢锻制压力容器
(15) Seismic Protection Code for Petrochemical Equipment HG 3048-1996
石化设备地震保护规范
1.2.2 Vendor shall be responsible for making all aspects of materials, design, fabrication, inspection and testing conform to the requirements of the specified codes, standards and local regulations.
卖方负责根据指定的规范、标准和地方规章的要求提供材料、设计、制作、检测及试验。
Where there are conflicts between the requirements in Purchaser’s drawings/specifications and the specified codes/standards or local regulations, the order of precedence shall be as follows:
如果买方图纸/规范同指定的规范、标准或地方规章之间存在冲突，按以下先后顺序加以遵守：
(1) Local regulations 地方规章
(2) Engineering drawings 工程图纸
(3) Engineering specifications 工程规范
(4) Codes and standards 规范和标准
In such a case, Vendor shall promptly refer the conflicts to Purchaser in writing to obtaining Purchaser’s instruction.
在此情况下，卖方需及时
书
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面告知买方以获得买方指示。
1.3 Units 单位
Unless otherwise specified, SI units shall be applied as the measurement system for the drawings and documents to be submitted. However, nominal sizes of piping components shall be in accordance with inch system.
除非另有规定，图纸及文件中所提及的单位均为国际制。但是，管道部件的公称尺寸应符合英制
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸和文件
1.4.1 Purchaser will provide Engineering Drawing for each pressure vessel which contains such information as the shape, basic dimensions, estimated thickness and weight, design conditions, materials for primary parts, nozzle specifications, and details of internals as required by Vendor to accomplish his mechanical design of the pressure vessel.
买方需根据卖方要求为每台压力容器提供工程图纸说明形状、基本尺寸、估计厚度和重量、设计条件、主部件材质、设备口规格及内件详情，以便完成压力容器的机械设计。
When sketches, data sheets or duty specifications are provided, Vendor shall prepare Engineering Drawings covering the same contents as specified above. Such drawings may be used as Vendor’s assembly drawings with necessary information added.
在提供了草图、数据表或相关规格后，卖方应绘制包含上述同样内容的工程图纸。这些图纸在加上必要的信息后可用作卖方装配图。
1.4.2 Purchaser will provide D-123 “Vessel Standard” which supplements the above drawings and determines the detail construction of pressure vessels.
买方将提供D-123“容器标准”作为上述图纸的补充，并决定压力容器的具体施工。
When sketches or data sheets are provided, Vendor shall confirm Purchaser the application of each drawing in Vessel Standard.
在提供了草图或数据表后，卖方需根据容器标准对图纸进行确认。
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸和文件
1.5.1 Vendor shall submit to Purchaser drawings and documents as called for in Purchaser’s requisition sheets.
卖方将根据买方需求单向买方提供图纸和文件。
1.5.2 All drawings and documents shall give the name of Client (end user), Purchaser’s Work No., Item No. and service of the commodity.
所有图纸和文件上需给出业主名称（最终用户），买方工程编码、设备位号及系统名称。
1.5.3 Drawings shall be prepared to scale and in third angle projection.
图纸需按比例使用每三角投影法进行绘制。
1.5.4 Drawings shall contain: 图纸需包括：
(1) Title block (Purchaser’s Work No., Requisition No., Item No. and service of the commodity)
工程图明细表（买方工程编码、投标邀请号、设备位号及系统）
(2) Design Data (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet)
设计数据（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(3) Material list (material specifications and quantities for all parts including spare parts)
材料清单（所有部件、包括备件的材料规格和数量）
(4) Nozzle list (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet) 设备口清单（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(5) All weld seams, and weld and surface finish symbols 所有焊缝及表面加工符号
(6) Detailed dimensions and thickness 详细尺寸及厚度
1.5.5 Strength calculations shall cover: 强度计算包括：
(1) Code calculations for all pressure retaining parts including reinforcements for nozzle openings
所有压力保持部件，包括设备口加固件的代码计算
(2) Structural calculations for internals 内件结构计算
(3) Structural calculations for lifting lugs and transportation fittings 吊耳和运输装置的结构计算
(4) Stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷的稳定检查
(5) Stability check of vessel and support at transportation, loading & unloading and erection
在运输、装载、卸载及安装过程中容器的稳定性检查
(6) Local stress analysis against external loading on nozzles 设备口外部负荷局部应力分析
1.5.6 For pressure vessels fabricated and/or assembled at job site, Vendor shall submit the instruction for the work.
对于在现场制作或组装的压力容器，卖方应提供指导书。
1.5.7 Purchaser’s “Approved” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work without resubmitting the documents unless further revisions are made. “Approved as noted” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work provided the notes are concurred by Vendor. Re-submission of the revised documents are required for confirmation. “Not approved” on the document means that Vendor may not proceed the work without re-submission of the corrected document for approval. Purchaser’s approval for Vendor’s drawings and documents shall not relieve Vendor of his responsibility to meet all requirements of the purchase order.
买方在卖方文件上签署“批准”表示卖方不需再递交这些文件就可进行工作，除非进行了改版。卖方文件上的“说明后批准”指卖方在提供说明后可进行工作。在进行改版后需重新递交买方确认。“不批准”指卖方在重新递交正确的文件并获批前不能进行工作。买方对卖方图纸及文件的批准不能解除卖方的定购合同上的责任。
1.6 Site Condition 现场条件
Data to be used for stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load and other climate data are as follows,
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷及其它气候下的稳定性检查所用数据如下：
(1) Basic wind pressure 0.35kN/m2 at 10 m above ground 地面10m上基本风力0.35kN/m2
(2) Earthquake intensity 7 deg. 地震强度 7级
(3) Class of site soil Class II 现场土壤等级 II级
(4) Atmospheric temperature: 气温
Annual average 14.3℃ 年平均气温 14.3℃
Extreme highest in past years 40.9 ℃ 以往最高气温 40.9℃
Extreme lowest in past years -12 ℃ 以往最低气温 -12 ℃
Min. average in the coldest month -3.5℃(Reference to HG 20580-1998)
最冷月份的最低平均气温 -3.5℃（参见 HG 20580-1998)
2. DESIGN 设计
2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力
2.1.1 Design pressure shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
设计压力在买方图纸或数据表中加以指定。
2.1.2 Design pressure shall mean the gauge pressure at the top of a completed vessel in its operating position. Unless otherwise agreed in advance, internal static head shall be added to the design pressure to determine the thickness of any specific part of the vessel.
设计压力指完工的容器在操作位置时顶部压力表的压力值。除非提前另外同意，需加设内置静压受感器以确定容器特殊部件的厚度。
2.1.3 When design pressure of “F.V. (Full Vacuum)” is specified, vessels shall be designed to withstand for external pressure of 101.3 kPa.
如果设计压力指定为“F.V.（真空）”，容器需设计为能经受101.3 kPa 的外部压力。
2.1.4 Vessel parts subject to different internal pressure on both sides shall be designed to withstand the most severe combination of the pressures.
容器两侧承受不同内部压力的部件需设计为能经受最大整体压力。
2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度
2.2.1 Design temperature shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. Two kinds of design temperature, one for maximum design temperature (called as “Design Temperature”) and the other for minimum design temperature (called as “Minimum Design Metal temperature” = MDMT) are specified.
设计温度在买方图纸或数据表中指定。共两种设计温度，一种为最大设计温度（称为“设计温度”），另一种为最小设计温度（称为“最小设计金属温度”）。
2.2.2 When different temperatures are predicted for different zones of a vessel, these temperatures are indicated for the respective zones of the vessel.
如果容器的不同设备口预计的温度不同，应在各自的部位加以指明。
2.2.3 When design temperature or MDMT cannot coincide with the maximum pressure, the corresponding design pressure shall be designated together with the temperature.
当设计温度或最小设计金属温度与最大压力不符，应根据温度指定相应的设计压力。
2.2.4 Vessel parts in contact with two fluids having different temperatures shall be designed for both higher and lower design temperatures.
如果容器部件会接触到两种不同温度的介质，应同时根据高的设计温度及低的设计温度进行设计。
2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度
2.3.1 The corrosion allowance for the shell shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
容器壁板的允许偏差在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.3.2 Unless otherwise specified in the drawings, data sheet or other applicable Engineering Specifications, the corrosion allowance for internal parts of vessels shall be as follows:
除非在图纸、数据表或其它相关工程规范中另有规定，容器内件的腐蚀余度如下：
(1) Parts directly welded to the shell or parts not removable from a manhole:
直接焊到壁板上的部件或人孔上不可拆除的部件：
1. Parts separating two pressure chambers, a corrosion allowance shall be provided on (strikethrough: either) each side of the parts.
两个压力室的分隔部件，应对部件的的每侧提供一个腐蚀余度。
2. Other parts add 1/2 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side.
对于其它部件，在每侧的腐蚀余度上加上1/2倍。
(2) Parts removable from a manhole: 可从人孔上拆除的部件：
Add 1/4 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side (min. 1.0 mm total for both sides).
在每侧腐蚀余度上加上1/4倍（最小1.0mm）
Notes: 1.Generally no corrosion allowance is added for high alloy and nonferrous internals.
注：1、对于高合金及非铁内件通常不加腐蚀余度。
2. For the internal parts specified in Vessel Standard such as lugs and support rings, corrosion allowance shall conform to the stipulations in it.
容器标准中规定的内件，如耳轴及支撑环的腐蚀余度应符合标准中的规定。
3. The specified corrosion allowance shall mean the corrosion allowance for the shell.
指定的腐蚀余度是指壁板的腐蚀余度。
4. Shell as used herein shall mean all pressure holding parts of the vessel in contact with the service fluid, including heads, nozzles, manholes and manhole covers.
这里的壁板指与系统介质接触的所有压力部件，包括封头、设备口、人孔及人孔盖板。
2.3.3 No corrosion allowance is required for such parts not in contact with the inside fluid as the outside surface of shell, skirt, support lugs and so on, except for anchor bolts.
对于不同内部介质接触的部件，如外表面、防护罩及支承凸缘等不需腐蚀余度，地脚螺栓除外。
Corrosion allowance of 3 mm shall be taken for anchor bolts.
地脚螺栓的腐蚀余度为3mm。
2.4 Materials 材料
2.4.1 The materials for primary parts shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
主要部件的材料在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.4.2 Materials of the parts not specified on Purchaser’s drawings, data sheet or Vessel Standard shall be decided by Vendor and shall be submitted by showing them on the Vendor’s drawings for Purchaser’s approval. 如果部件材料在买方图纸、数据表或容器标准中未加指定，则由卖方决定所有材料并在卖方图纸中指明，递交买方审批。
2.4.3 Materials for external attachments and vessel support welded directly to the pressure retaining parts shall be similar material as the pressure parts. When external attachments made of carbon steel is to be welded to stainless steel pressure parts, stainless steel pad plate is required on pressure parts.
直接焊接到压力保持部件上的外部配件及容器支架的材料应与压力部件相同。在将外部碳钢附件焊接到不锈钢压力部件上时，需在压力部件上加不锈钢垫板。
2.4.4 Vendor may propose the use of alternative materials. Such alternatives shall be clearly indicated on his proposal giving official material designation or the chemical composition and physical properties for such materials having only a trade or supplier designation, and shall be submitted for Purchaser’s approval.
卖方可建议几种材料供选择。卖方可在投标中详细指明这些材料的正式材料名称，或对仅有市场或供应商名称的材料说明化学成分及物理性能，以便买方审批。
2.4.5 Gaskets, bolts and nuts for blind nozzles and manholes shall be as specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
盲设备口及人孔所用的垫片、螺栓及螺母在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
When not specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet, Vendor in China may select by the following criteria subject to Purchaser’s approval.
如果未指定，中国的卖方可根据以下标准选择并报买方审批：
(1) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for equipment shell flange shall be selected according to table 2 to table 5 in JB/T 4700-2000.
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据JB/T 4700-2000中表2～表5选择。
(2) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping Materials Classification (CSTL-T1300/H103).
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTL-T1300/H103) 选择。
(3) Gasket for equipment shell flange shall be selected by the following table.
设备法兰用垫片根据下表选择
Table 1 Materials for Girth Flange Gaskets
MEDIA
介质
NOMINAL PRESS.
PN(MPa)
公称压力
FLANGE TYPE
法兰形式
GASKET MATERIAL
垫片材料
Hydrocarbons, organic compound
碳氢化合物，有机化合物
PN≤1.6
Welding Neck Type
焊颈法兰
Spiral Wound Gasket Hoop:316L
Filler: Flexible Graphite
缠绕垫：316L
填料：挠性石墨
Steam, air, inert gases
蒸汽、空气及惰性气体
PN≤2.5
Any type
任意型
Graphite corrugated gasket
石墨垫
(4) Materials of gaskets used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping
Materials Classification (CSTLT1300/H103).
设备口法兰用垫片材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTL-T1300/H103) 选择。
2.4.6 Vendors in China shall apply imported material for stainless steel plates used for pressure parts. In this case allowable stress of imported material shall be those for equivalent material in GB150-1998 as follows.
中国的卖方应为压力部件用的不锈钢板使用进口材料。在此情况下，进口材料的允许应力与GB150-1998中的相当材料相同。
ASME Material Equiv. GB Material
ASME材质 相应的GB材质
304 SS 0Cr18Ni9
304L SS 00Cr19Ni10
316 SS 0Cr17Ni12Mo2
316L SS 00Cr17Ni14Mo2
2.4.7 All material used for pressure parts shall be killed steel.
压力部件所有的所有材料均应为脱氧钢。
Following requirements shall apply for Vendors in China.
以下为对中国的卖方的要求：
Q-235 material may be used only for utility service such as steam, air etc. with the other limitations specified in GB150-1998.
根据GB150-1998中限制，Q-234仅可用丰公用系统上，如蒸汽、空气等。
In general, steel 20R and 16MnR shall be applied for carbon steel plates used for pressure parts. If calculated thickness exceeds 12 mm by applying 20R material, then 16MnR material shall be used.
一般情况下，压力部件碳钢板应用20R和16MnR钢铁。如果使用20R总计厚度超过12mm，则使用16MnR。
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算
2.5.1 The thickness indicated on Purchaser’s drawings are those proposed by Purchaser. Vendor shall check and confirm under his guarantee that such thickness provide the proper strength under the specified conditions. Any lesser thickness considered by Vendor shall immediately be referred to Purchaser, but in no case, any proposed thickness will be decreased without Purchaser’s prior approval, even if it has an extra margin beyond the required thickness.
买方图纸中指定的厚度为买方建议厚度。卖方应加以检查确认以保证买方建议的厚度在指定条件下达到强度要求。如果卖方认为厚度不够应立即告知买方，但不论什么情况下买方建议的厚度不得有所减少，即使建议的厚度超过所需厚度的最大值，除非得到买方批准。
2.5.2 The hydrostatic test condition in the installed position shall be considered for design of all vessels.
所有容器的设计时应考虑安装后的水压试验条件。
2.5.3 Wind load and Seismic load to be used for calculation shall be in accordance with Para.1.6 of this specification. 风力载荷与地震力应符合本规范第1.6节要求。
2.5.4 Maximum allowable tensile stress of foundation bolts of A307 Gr.B or Q-235 shall be 100 N/mm2 for long-term and 150 N/mm2 for short-term loading conditions.
A307 Gr.B or Q-235材质的基础螺栓的最大容许拉应力为：长期负荷条件100 N/mm2，短期负荷条件150 N/mm2。
2.5.5 Local stresses at shell around attachments such as nozzle, vessel support and lifting lug and so on, shall be calculated and evaluated when requested by Purchaser.
如买方有要求，设备口、容器支架及吊耳等附件周围壳体的局部应力应加以计算及估测。
The following generally accepted calculation procedure, or the equivalent, may be applied.
可用以下计算程序或相当的程序：
(a) Bulletin of Welding Research Council No. 107 or 297 焊接研究委员会通告第107期或297期
(b) BS 5500 appendix G BS5500附录G
(c) Pressure Vessel Handbook (By E.F. Megyesy) 压力容器手册（E.F. Megyesy著）
(d) Process Equipment Design (By L.E. Brownell & E.H. Young)
工艺设备设计（L.E. Brownell 及E.H. Young著）
(e) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel (HG20582-1998)
钢制化学容器应力计算规范（HG20582-1998）
2.6 Tolerances 容许偏差
2.6.1 Tolerances shall be in accordance with Appendix A Fig.A “Tolerances for Pressure Vessels” unless otherwise specified on Purchaser’s drawings.
容许偏差应符合附录A图A“压力容器容许偏差”的要求，除非买方图纸中另有指定。
2.6.2 The thickness after forming of any pressure retaining parts shall not be less than the calculated thickness. Plates with an under tolerance of not more than the smaller value of 0.25 mm or 6 % of the nominal thickness may be used, unless requested otherwise by the applicable code.
压力保持部件在成型后的厚度不得小于计算厚度。所用板的容许偏差不得超过0.25mm或公称厚度的6％，除非相关规范另有要求。
2.6.3 The flange face of agitator mount nozzle shall be perpendicular to vessel axis within tolerance of 1/500. 安装搅拌器的设备口的法兰面同容器轴线的垂直度容许偏差为1/500。
3. DETAILED DESIGN 详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads 壳体及封头
3.1.1 The shape the formed head shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. 2:1 ellipsoidal or dish head (with knuckle radius=0.10xdiameter ) shall be used.
成形加工的封头形状应符合买方图纸或数据表中的规定。封头应为2:1椭圆体或碟形（封头过渡区半径为直径的0.10倍）。
3.1.2 The nominal thickness of 2:1 ellipsoidal or dished head shall be selected to assure the minimum thickness after forming shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of head. Also, the nominal thickness shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of connecting cylindrical shell.
2:1椭圆体或碟形封头的公称厚度的选择需保证成型后的最小厚度不小于封头的最小要求厚度。而且，公称厚度不得小于柱形连接处的最小要求厚度。
3.1.3 Gasket contact surface of girth flange shall have a finish equivalent to the following in μm.
同法兰表面接触的垫片的磨光应符合下列要求，单位μm
(1) For spiral wound gasket : from Ra 1.6 to Ra 3.2 缠绕垫：从Ra 1.6至Ra 3.2
(2) For metal jacket, solid metal gasket : Ra 1.6 and finer 金属包覆垫、固体金属垫片：Ra 1.6及更好的
3.2 Internals 内件
3.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in Purchaser’s requisition sheets or indicated on Purchaser’s drawings, all internals are included in the scope
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