口译笔记符号ppt课件

口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。.一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。.二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的.笔记符号state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构一.图形符号.citizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导，监督;顶点，顶级，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundaries.多国，其他国家othercountries国民经济nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad.进口import出口export进出口import&export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinesepeople.经济实体economicentity金融机构financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人，政府首脑stateleader广场square,plaze.宏观调控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence.3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming4.精彩wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,.5.强调emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant.特点，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof.整体，全部，总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.团结，统一，团聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有国家所有人，人民群众.主权和领土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting).∞关联linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership.双边关系，bilateralrelationship多边关系，multilateralrelationship举杯， 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toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议，bilateralagreement多边协议，multilateralagreement.⊕发展，develop,development发达的，developed发展中的，developing开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate.2.形成，产生，出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.医疗卫生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution.禁止，结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof.歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困难，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远faraway近near,close.台阶，进步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress过去，历史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上个月lastmonth去年lastyear.前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未来，将要,inthefuture改变，变化change,transform.果实，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement（使）消失，废除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.破坏，推翻，剥夺destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,.4.倒闭，下岗bankrupt,layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解决，达到，实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃abandon,desert,discard.二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.说tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review.开罗宣言，CairoManifesto赞扬speakhighlyof,praise批评criticize众说纷纭，若干说法variousopinions.改革开放reformandopeningup爱，关心love,concern,careabout吓唬，威胁scare,threaten1.听,listento2.开放,beopento.:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，显示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect.←1.来come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀请，应邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.卖sell2.获利makeaprofit.去，到go引起，导致resultin,leadto1.买buy2.投资invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁荣increase,heighten,enhance,grow,liftsoar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup.↓减少，降低，贬值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深远的profound,far-reaching.推动，促进，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻碍，推迟obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback.↗冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越来越increasing,growing,moreandmore越来越大biggerandbigger越来越多moreandmore.压力，影响pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今为止sofar,uptonow,tillnow.…四.标点符号多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持续，继续，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon.3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某种程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant.﹗1.危险，警告，当心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加强语气：务必，一定，当然sure,certainly,ofcourse老实说，说实在的tobefrank,totellyouthetruth.﹖﹪问题，疑问question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑问句以“？”开头来记录百分比，percent.“”≪≫引用（理论，名言等）邓小平理论Dengxiaopingtheories《红楼梦》ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone书.﹙﹚由…组成，包括，容纳contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于记录状语.∵∴五.数学符号因为，由于，幸亏because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，结果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently.﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十anotherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer.÷－＝减去，负增长minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith.≠≈不赞同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事实notcomplywiththefact大约，大概about,almost,nearly等于说，也就是说thatistosay,inotherwords.＜＞1.大于，超过surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供过于求supplyexceedsdemand过热overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不应求demandexceedssupply.∑总和sum∈×属于belongto错的，不好的，负面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否决veto.√不称霸notseekhegemony对的，好的，积极的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.认可，批准endorse,ratify,confirm,approve.文中立六.中文文化，文学，文明culture,literature,civilization中国People’sRepublicofChina立场，position(一）中文字.力儿大力量，能力，权力power,strength,force,ability,capability儿童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市场，market.（二）偏旁部首学习study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt.组织organize,structure,tissue建设build,construct措施measure饭，食物meal,ricefood餐馆，饭店restaurant.疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient军事，军队military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health.fu(三)拼音字母感谢thank,appreciate称霸，霸权主义hegemony,seekhegemony贡献contribution腐败corruption.﹟七.谐音仅仅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly环境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background.八化学符号Fe铁ferrum,iron铁路railway.九生物♀♂女性woman,female男性man,male.十地图标识学校教育.十一英文（一）英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世纪century日子，今天day,today.efgh经济economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小时，hour.ImM我I,me1.月month2.分钟minute管理managementn多many,much,multi-.p1.政治，政党，政权，政策politics,party,power,policy2.部门department,section,ministry外交部theMinistryofForeignAffairs生产，产品produce,manufacture,product.rR改革reform1.权利right2.公路road高速公路expressway.s1.科学science2.社会society3.自从since社会主义socialism从那以后fromthenon.tR&D时间,倍time想，认为think技术technology科技scienceandtechnology高科技high-tech研发researchanddevelopment.uvwy你you胜利，成功win,success,victory,triumph我们we年year.（二）英文小写缩略alco虽然，尽管，即使although,though,despiteindespiteof,evenif,eventhough商业business,commerce公司company,corporation,firm.com社团community财政fiscal教育education例如forexample,forinstance.insinfoinfra保险insurance信息information,message基础设施infrastructure邀请invitation.nu核的nuclear消息news贸易trade旅游travel,tour,journey税tax.gymgraddocdemo利用use,utilize,makeuseof体育馆gymnasium毕业生graduates医生，博士doctor演示demonstrate.en经验，经历experience效率effective,efficiency尽快assoonasimpossible请please能源energy.（三）英文大写缩略CPCSOEPC中国共产党CommunistPartyofChina国有企业state-ownedenterprise1.个人电脑personalcomputer2.记者招待会pressconference.DPRKROK亚太地区Asia-Pacificregion朝鲜DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea韩国RepublicofKorea.LRJCJVHR劳动力资源laborresources联合公报JointCommunique合资企业JointVenture人权humanright人力资源humanresources.PESMESEZOK批准，认可ratify,authorize 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 经济PlannedEconomy社会主义市场经济SocialistMarketEconomy经济特区SpecialEconomicZone.组织缩略&国家地区缩略UN联合国UnitedNationsUNESCOGATT联合国教科文组织UnitedNationsEconomic,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization关贸总协定GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.APECOPECEUWTO世界贸易组织WorldTradeOrganization亚太经合组织theAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation石油输出国家组织OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries欧盟EuropeanUnion.IMFAmUSUK国际货币基金组织InternationalMonetaryFund美国America,theUnitedStates英国theUnitedKingdom.HKTWKr朝鲜，韩国Korea香港Hongkong台湾Taiwan日本Japan.BJSHSZCS北京Beijing上海Shanghai深圳Shenzhen长沙Changsha.（四）单词spynew.（五）音标1.行动act,action,activity2.计划， 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，项目program,project.十二货币符号＄￥￡1.美元dollars2.钱money1.人民币RMB2.利益interest,profit英镑pound.十三其它符号－这，现在，现行，当前this,now,here,existing,moderncurrent,nowadays,contemporaryatpresent2.基础basis,basic,foundation,fundamental3.稳定stability.现行政策本届政府和平与稳定.≡保障，坚持，维护ensure,guarantee,safeguardinsiston,maintenance千thousand一千onethousand.十四关联词/路标词虽然…但是…因为…所以…不是…而是…不但…而且….ifI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果if,providedthat我相信Ibelieve我希望Ihope我认为Ithink我期待Iexpect我估计Iestimate.