saej88v002

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.Copyright©2006SAEInternationalAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)Tel:724-776-4970(outsideUSA)Fax:724-776-0790Email:custsvc@sae.orgSAEWEBADDRESS:http://www.sae.orgJ88REV.FEB2006SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDIssued1972-11Revised2006-02SupersedingJ88APR1995(R)SoundMeasurement—Off-RoadWorkMachines—ExteriorRATIONALEThisdocumentwasrevisedandupdatedtoincorporatetheappropriateexteriortestingportionofSAEJ1262,alloff-roadworkmachinesexceptagriculture,andtoincorporatethelateststandards,references,andformatduringthenormal5-yearreview.ChangesweremadetoallowtheuseofLeqforthesteadystateportionsofthistestprocedure.Also,thedialoguehasbeenchangedtoincludetrenchingmachinesinthetestprocedureandterminology.Paragraphshavebeenrenumberedasneededandtheindividualchangesnotedbyparagraphnumber:General—Onlymetricdimensionsareused.1—The“Purpose”waseliminatedandcombinedwiththe“Scope”toconformtothenewSAEformatwhichlists“Scope”first.2—ReferenceswereupdatedandlistedasSection2pernewSAEformat(wasSection5).3.1—AddedtexttoallowtheuseofanintegratingsoundlevelmeterifitmeetsIEC804-1985requirementsandhastheslowdynamiccharacteristic,maxhold.4.2.1.4—Addedtexttoindicatecycledcomponentmusthavecontrolslocatedattheoperator’sstation.Addedtexttoexcludenon-ridingmachineswithoutpowersteeringorhydrauliccontrolsfromthissectionofthetestprocedure.Also,addedtexttoincludeself-propelledsweepersintothemachinehydrauliccyclingcomponentofthetestprocedure.4.2.2—Addedtexttoidentifymajorcomponentoperationforself-propelledsweepersduringtheconstantspeedmovingtest.4.2.3—Includedtexttoidentifymajorattachmentsfortrenchingmachinesandself-propelledsweepersandtheirpropertransportpositions.4.3.2—IncludedLeqasanapprovedsoundlevelmetersettingforrecordingthesteady-statesoundlevelsofhighidleandratedspeed.4.3.6—Requestedgearratioandapproximategroundspeedusedduringthemovingtesttoberecorded.4.3.9—Dividedthissectionintothreesectionstoclarifythenumberofcyclestobeconducted,andthedeterminationofmeasurementresults.Newsectionsaddedwerenumbered4.3.10and4.3.12.(Now4.3.11)4.3.12(Now4.3.11)—Addedtexttopermitattachmentsnotconsideredindefiningthebasicmachinetobeleftonduringtesting.5.2—Addedtextcoveringsafeoperationofthemachineperthemanufacturer’soperatinginstructions.SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-2-TABLEOFCONTENTS1.SCOPE..........................................................................................................................................................22.REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................23.TERMSANDDEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................................34.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................45.INSTRUMENTATION...................................................................................................................................46.PROCEDURE...............................................................................................................................................57.GENERALCOMMENTS...............................................................................................................................98.NOTES........................................................................................................................................................10APPENDIXA-SOUNDMEASUREMNTWORKSHEET.....................................................................................................11FIGURE1-TYPICALTESTSITECONFIGURATION...........................................................................................................6FIGURE2-MAJORSURFACEOUTLINES..........................................................................................................................9FOREWORDThisdocumenthaschangedtoincorporatethelatestapplicableandrelatedpublications,testequipmentandmachinetechnology.Sometechnicalaspectshavebeenclarified.Enginecoolingfanspeedrequirementshavebeenupdatedtocoincidewithglobalsoundteststandards.1.SCOPEThisSAEStandardsetsforththeinstrumentationandproceduretobeusedinmeasuringtheexteriorsoundpressurelevelsforself-propelledoff-roadworkmachinesasdefinedinsections1,3,5and6ofSAEJ1116.Thisdocumentdoesnotaddresstheoperationofsafetydevicessuchasbackupalarms,horns,oraccessories.Thesoundlevelsobtainedbyusingthetestproceduressetforthinthisdocumentarerepeatableandarerepresentativeofthehigherrangeofsoundlevelsgeneratedbymachinesunderactualfieldoperatingconditions.Duetothevariabilityoffieldoperatingconditions,thisdataisnotintendedtobeusedforconstructionsiteboundarynoiseevaluations.2.REFERENCES2.1ApplicablePublicationsThefollowingpublicationsformapartofthespecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.2.1.1SAEPublicationsAvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001,Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)or724-776-4970(outsideUSA),www.sae.org.SAEJ184QualifyingaSoundDataAcquisitionSystemSAEJ732SpecificationDefinitions—FrontEndLoaderSAEJ1116CategoriesofOff-RoadSelf-PropelledWorkMachinesSAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-3-2.1.2ANSIPublicationAvailablefromANSI,25West43rdStreet,NewYork,NY10036-8002,Tel:212-642-4900,www.ansi.org.Alsoseewww.nssn.org.ANSIS1.4SpecificationforSoundLevelMetersANSIS1.40SpecificationforAcousticalCalibrators2.1.3IECPublicationAvailablefromInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission,3,ruedeVerambe,P.O.Box131,1211Geneva20,Switzerland,Tel:+41-22-919-02-11,www.iec.ch.IEC61672-1Electroacoustics—Soundlevelmeters—Part1:Specifications3.TERMSANDDEFINITIONS3.1FreeFieldAfreefield,forthepurposesofthisdocument,isdefinedasaspacewithnoreflectingsurfacewithin30mofthesoundsourceormicrophoneinanydirectionexceptforthehorizontalreflectingplaneonwhichthetestmachineislocated.3.2HorizontalReflectingPlaneAhorizontalreflectingplaneisdefinedasflatgroundwithasurfacenorougherthananasphaltroad.Apavedparkinglotwithnoreflectingsurfaceswithin15mwouldbeanacceptablehorizontalreflectingplaneforthetestsoutlinedinthisdocument.3.3A-Weighting(dB(A))A-Weightingisthefrequencyfilterthatsimulatesthe40phonecurveontheequalloudnessscaleforhumanhearingresponse.3.4Equivalent-ContinuousSoundLevel(Leq)Theequivalent-continuoussoundlevelisthelevelofthesoundpressuresquaredaveragedoveraperiodoftimeasdefinedby,=∫2refT0210eqp/dt)t(pT1log10L(Eq.1)3.5SoundPressureLevel(SPL)Thesoundpressurelevelisthesoundpressuresquaredasdefinedby:Pa1020P,PPlog10L6ref2ref210p−×==(Eq.2)SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-4-3.6LogarithmicAverageThelogarithmicaverageisthepowerbasedaverageoftwoormoresoundpressurelevelsasdefinedby:=∑=N1iL1.010i10N1log10L(Eq.3)3.7AmbientSoundLevelTheambientsoundlevelisthemaximumequivalent-continuouslevelmeasuredforthesurroundingtestareawhenthemachineisnotinoperation.4.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONS4.1ANSI:AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(http://www.ansi.org/)4.2IEC:InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(http://www.iec.ch/)4.3ISO:InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(http://www.iso.org/)5.INSTRUMENTATIONPersonstechnicallytrainedandexperiencedincurrenttechniquesofsoundmeasurementshouldselectandoperatetheequipment.Soundengineeringjudgment,includinganassessmentofthe“state-of-the-art”withrespecttotestequipment,facilities,andtestpersonnel,shouldbeusedwhenestablishingspecifictestproceduresusedtoverifycompliancewiththerequirementsofthisstandard.Whensingle-sidedtestparametersarespecified,suchas“minimum”,“maximum”,and“atleast”,itisintendedthattherequiredspecificparameterbemet,withtheconstraintthatdeviationsfromthenominalparametervalue(ontheopen-endedside)beminimized.Whennon-specificparametertolerancesareused,suchas“approximately”,itisintendedthatdeviationsfromthenominalparameterbeminimized.5.1SoundLevelMeterAsoundlevelmeterthatmeetstheType1requirementsofANSIS1.4shallbeused.AlternativelyanintegratingsoundlevelmetermaybeusedifitmeetsIEC61672-1requirements.Ifanintegratingsoundlevelmeterisusedfordynamicmeasurements,itmusthaveaslowdynamicandmaxholdcapability.5.2AlternativestoSoundLevelMeterAsanalternativetomakingdirectmeasurementsusingasoundlevelmeter,amicrophoneorsoundlevelmetermaybeusedwithasounddataacquisitionsystemordigitaltaperecorderprovidedtheinstrumentationmeetstherequirementsforSAEJ184forthefrequencyrangethatisofprimaryconcern.Thedeviationsinthesounddataacquisitionsystemfrequencyresponsefromflatresponse,especiallyatlowerfrequencies,mustnotaffecttheoverallreadingbymorethan±0.5dB(A).5.3AcousticalCalibratorAnacousticalcalibrator(accuracywithin±0.3dB—see7.2.4)shallbeusedtoensurecorrectcalibrationofthesoundlevelmeter(s)ordataacquisitionsystemasspecifiedinsections5.1and5.2.5.4WindscreensTheuseofawindscreenmayberequiredundersometestconditions.Referto6.1.3,otherwiseitsuseisoptional,providingthatitdoesnotaffecttheA-weightedsoundlevelofthesourcebeingmeasuredbymorethan±0.5dB(A),underzerowindspeedconditions.(Alsoreferto7.2.2.)SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-5-5.5AnemometerAnanemometerorotherdeviceformeasurementofambientwindspeedanddirectionshallbeused.Theaccuracyis±10%atthehighestrecommendedwindspeed.(See7.2.2.)5.6EngineSpeedIndicatorAspeedindicatorshallbeusedfordeterminationofmachinepowersource(s)rpm(accuracywithin±2%oftheindicatedreading).5.7ThermometerAthermometerformeasurementofambienttemperature(accuracywithin±1°C)shallbeused.5.8BarometerAbarometershallbeusedtomeasureatmosphericpressure(accuracywithin±0.1kPaoftheindicatedreading).6.PROCEDURE6.1TestSiteThetestareashallconsistofaflathorizontalreflectingplaneinafree-fieldenvironmentwithin30mofeitherthemicrophoneorthemachinerybeingmeasured(seeFigure1).6.1.1Theminimummeasurementarea(seeFigure1)shallconsistofthetriangleformedbythemicrophonelocation,pointsAandB,andtherectangleformedbypointsA,B,C,andD.Bothdesignatedareasshallbesmoothconcreteorsmoothandsealedasphaltorasimilarhardandsmoothsurface.TherectangleformedbypointsC,D,E,andFshallconsistofhard-packedearth.TheplanesbetweenthemicrophonelocationandlineABandplanesencompassedbypointsA,B,C,F,E,andDshallformacontinuous,uniformplane.Ifaminimummeasurementareatestsiteisused,itwillrequirereorientationofthemachineforeachmajorsurfacemeasurementduringthestationarytests,andthemovingtestswillhavetoberuninoppositedirections.Theotheroptionistohavealargermeasurementareatestsiteandrelocatethemicrophonefortheseriesofprescribedtestconditionswiththemachineinonepositionforstationarytestsanddrivingbyinonlyonedirectionformovingtests.6.1.2Becausebystandersmayhaveanappreciableinfluenceonthemeterresponsewhentheyareinthevicinityoftheearthmovingmachineryormicrophone,notmorethanoneperson,otherthantheobserverreadingthemeter,shallbewithin17moftheearthmovingmachineryand2mofthemeasuringmicrophone,andthatpersonshallbedirectlybehindtheobserverwhoisreadingthemeter,onalinethroughthemicrophoneandtheobserver(seeFigure1).6.1.3Theambientsoundpressurelevelsduetobackgroundnoise(infrequencybandsorA-weighted)averagedoverthemicrophonepositionsonthemeasurementsurfaceshallbeatleast6dBandpreferablymorethan15dBbelowthemeansoundpressurelevelduetothenoisesourceundertestforaspecifictestcondition(see6.3.3).Thisincludestheeffectsofwind.6.1.4Thesurfacebetweenandunderthemachineryandmicrophoneshallbesmoothandfreeofacousticallyabsorptivematerial,suchassnoworgrass.6.1.5Forallstationarytests,themachineshallbelocatedonthehardsurfaceareaformedbypointsA,B,C,andDinFigure1.6.1.6MovingTests6.1.6.1Formovingtestsofallrubber-tiredmachines,thepathoftravelshallbeacrosstheareadefinedbypointsA,B,C,andDinthedirectionsshowninFigure1.SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-6-6.1.6.2Formovingtestsofallsteelwheelortracktypemachines,thepathoftravelshallbeacrosstheareadefinedbyC,D,E,andFinthedirectionsshowninFigure1.FIGURE1-TYPICALTESTSITECONFIGURATION6.2TestsRequiredMachinesthatareusedprimarilyinamobilemodeorcombinedmachines(suchasloaderswithabackhoe)shallbetestedper6.2.1.1,6.2.1.2,6.2.1.3,6.2.1.4,and6.2.2.Rubber-tiredandtrackedexcavatorsshallbetestedinastationarytestmodeonlyper6.2.1.1,6.2.1.2,6.2.1.3,and6.2.1.4.Foralltests,allmachinecomponentsshallbeatastabilizedoperatingtemperatureduringtestingandmustbeoperatedinamannersuchthatthebreak-inprocedurespecifiedbythemanufacturerisnotviolated.6.2.1StationaryTestswithGroundPropulsionTransmissionShiftSelectorinNeutralPosition6.2.1.1Operatemobilemachinepowersource(s)atno-loadwithallcomponentdrivesystemsinneutralpositionandmaximumgovernedspeed(highidleatnoload)atastabilizedcondition.Allcoolingsystemfansshallbesetatthemaximumoperationalspeed.SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-7-6.2.1.2Operatemachinepowersource(s)atno-loadandatmanufacturer’sspecifiedratedspeedwithallcomponentdrivesystemsinneutralposition.Allcoolingsystemfansshallbeoperatedatthemaximumspeed.6.2.1.3Operatemobilemachinepowersource(s)atno-loadwithallmajorcomponentdrivesystemsinneutralpositionthroughthecyclelowidletothemaximumgovernedspeed(highidle)andbacktothelowidleasrapidlyaspossible,butallowtheenginetostabilizeforatleast10satthemaximumgovernedspeed(highidle)andtheandcoolingsystem(s)fan(s)tostabilizeatthemaximumoperatingspeedbeforeitispermittedtoreturntolowidle.Betweencycles,acool-downperiodof1minispermittedasneeded.6.2.1.4Withthepowersource(s)atthemaximumgovernedspeed(highidle)ormanufacturer’srecommendedoperatingspeedatno-loadinastabilizedconditionandthecoolingsystem(s)fan(s)operatingatthemaximumspeed,activatetheappropriatehydrauliccircuits,mechanical,electrical,hydrostatic,ortorqueconverterdrivesystemstocyclethemajorcomponentsorcomponentfromthemostretractedand/orloweredpositionto¾or75percentofthefullyextendedand/ormaximumheightposition,andthenbacktooriginalposition.Thecomponentcycledmusthavecontrolsattheoperator’sstation.Thiscyclingshouldbedoneasfastaspractical,takingintoconsiderationallthepertinentsafetyfactors,andbeaccomplishedwithoutexceedingreliefvalvesettings.Forshortcyclehydraulicoperation,thesystemmaybefeathered.Forsafetyreasonsandundesirabilityofchangeoflocationofmajornoisesource(s)inrelationtoothermajorcomponentsofthemachine,amajorportionofthemobilemachine,suchasthetractorofascraperunit,ortheupperrotationalstructureofanexcavatorshallnotbemoved,orscraperelevatorplacedinoperationduringthisstationarymachinetest.Forunitssuchasnon-ridingtrenchingmachineswithoutpowersteeringorhydrauliccontrols,thissectionshallbeomitted.Innocaseshallthediggingchain(wheel)orvibratoryplowdrivesbeengagedforthistestorothertestsinthisdocument.Forself-propelledstreetsweepers,thebroomsshouldbeoperatedintheraisedpositionwithoutcontactingthemeasurementsurface.6.2.2ConstantSpeedMovingTestMachinesshallbeoperatedinaforwardintermediategearratioatno-loadatalocationasspecifiedin6.1.6.1or6.1.6.2.Thepowersource(s)shallbeoperatedatmaximumgovernedspeed(highidle).Allcoolingsystemfansshallbeoperatedatthemaximumspeed.Intermediateisintendedtomeansecondgearratioformachinerywiththreeorfourgearratios,thirdgearratioformachinerywithfiveorsixgearratios,fourthgearratioformachinerywithsevenoreightratios,etc.Ifthereisaproblemwiththetransmissionshiftingupordowninthisphaseofthetest,onegearlowerorhighermaybeusedtoeliminatetheproblem.Machineswithhydrostatic,electricdrive,orothertypedrivesshallbeoperatedatapproximatelyone-halfitsmaximumgroundspeedwiththegovernorcontrolsetinmaximum(highidle)positionatno-load.Ifthisoperatingconditioncannotbeattainedbecauseoftheinteractionofthepowersource(s)anddrivecontrols,thenthegroundspeedmaybeincreasedordecreasedsoastostillpermitthepowersource(s)governorcontrol(s)tobesetinthemaximum(highidle)position.Machinesthathavemajornoise-generatingcomponentswhicharenormallyinuseatthisgroundspeed,shallhavethesemajorcomponentsinoperationduringthistest.Forself-propelledstreetsweepers,thesecomponentsincludewatersystems,brooms,andblowerorconveyingsystems.6.2.3Machinesthathaveamajorattachmentthatisnormallyusedforthemainoperatingfunctionshallbeequippedwiththisattachment.Examplesofthisarebucketsonloaders,broomsonsweepers,dozerbladesoneitherwheelortrack-typetractors,andbackfillblades,diggingbooms(wheel),directburialplows,orbackhoesontrenchers.Foralltests,exceptcomponentcycling,theseattachmentsshallbeinaminimumtransportpositionof160to320mmfordozers,scrapers,etc.Forloadersandtrencherswithloaders,useimplementcarrypositionasspecifiedbySAEJ732.Formachineryequippedwitharipper,suchasonawheelortrack-typetractor,orabackhoe,suchasonafrontendloader,theseattachmentsshallbeinthetransportposition.Fortrenchingmachinesandself-propelledsweeperstheseattachmentsshallbeintheirnormaltransportposition,forexample,backfillbladeorbroomsfullyraised;plow,boom,orwheelfullyraisedandrestrained(ifappropriate).6.3Measurements6.3.1Themicrophoneshallbelocatedataheightof1.2mabovethegroundplane.SAEJ88RevisedFEB2006-8-6.3.2AllsoundpressurelevelmeasurementsshallbefilteredusingtheA-weightingsetting.Fordynamicpowersource(s)cycling,componentcycling,andconstantspeedmovingtestconditions,thesoundlevelmeterordataacquisitionsystemshallbesetforslowdynamiccharacteristic(see5.1).Forthestabilizedtestconditionofmaximumgovernedspeed(highidle)orratedenginespeed,thetimeweightedaveragesoundlevel(Leq)maybereportedinplaceoftheslowdynamiccharacteristic.6.3.3Thenominalambientwindspeedanddirection,ambienttemperatureandatmosphericpressureshallbemeasuredandrecordedattheheightof1.2mandwithinatleast3mofonespecifiedlocationofthemicrophoneasshowninFigure1.TheambientA-weightedsoundpressurelevelsshallbemeasuredandrecordedateachmicrophoneasshowninFigure1.6.3.4Thestabilizedmaximumgovernedpowersource(s)speedshallbemeasuredandrecorded.6.3.5Thepowersource(s)speed(s)shallbemonitoredduringtheratedspeedtestper6.2.1.2.6.3.6Thegearratioandapproximategroundspeedduringthemovingtestshallberecorded.6.3.7Thesoundlevelmeterordataacquisitionsystemdigitalreadoutshallbeobservedduringeachtestsequence.Thehighestvalueobservedforalltestsdisregardingsoundsofshortdurationthatareoutofcharacterwiththetestonthemachine(example—impactnoisesuchasbucketrapagainststops)shallberecordedforeachtestsequence.Thesoundlevelmeterordataacquisitionsystemmustbefrequentlyresetsotheout-of-charactersoundlevelsforthetestsequencearenotincludedifthemaximumholdmodeisbeingused.6.3.8SoundDatatobeRecordedfortheStabilizedTestConditionandDataReportingForthestabilizedtestcondition,ofmaximumgovernedspeed(highidle)orratedspeed,asinglereadingshallberecordedateachmeasuringpoint.Thefinalrecordedsoundlevelforthistestmodeshallbethehighestreadingforthestabilizedtestconditionateachmeasuringpoint.6.3.9SoundDatatobeRecordedforthePowerSourceCycling,ComponentCyclingandConstantSpeedMovingTestConditionsandDataReportingForpowersource(s)cycling,componentcycling,andtheconstantspeedmovingtestconditionsaminimumofthreevalidreadingsshallbetakenforeachmeasuringpoint.Ifforeachspecifictestmodenoneofthereadingsarewithin1dBofeachother,thenadditionalreadingsshallbetakenuntiltherearetwothatarewithin1dBofeachother.Iftherearetwopairsofreadingsthatarewithin1dBofeachother,recordthehigherpair.Th