英语翻译教程英语翻译：

英语翻译： 包括英译汉和汉译英两部分。学习翻译基本理论，通过汉英两种语言在词汇和句型等方面的异同对比，掌握两种语言互相转换的基本方法和基本技巧。要求英译汉能翻译相当于英美报刊上中等难度的文章，题材包括日常生活记叙，介绍人、事、物的短文，一般政治、经济、科普文章和浅近的文学原著，译文要忠实原文，语言通顺；汉译英能翻译相当于《人民日报》等报刊的较浅近的文章，题材包括日常生活记叙，介绍人、事、物的短文，一般政治、经济、文化方面的短文。 学习用书：《英汉翻译教程》(全国考委组编)庄绎传主编，外语教学与研究出版社出版。 英语翻译技巧(我的听课笔记)--载完 定语从句： 定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。 Person has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place. 皮而森 汇集了...生产出独特的千年历，这种千年历（它）能够... 定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如： 1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。 2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。 3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。 4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。 5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。 6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,00 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. 作出这些刻记的游牧人，依靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000年而结束于公元前10，000年。 7. For several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact. 在过去的几百年中，已经有记载说，确实有被动物养大的与世隔绝的狼孩的存在。 另外，翻译成汉语时还要注意未省略关系代词和关系副词的定语从句, 翻译时所遵守的原则和上述的一样： 关系代词引导的定语从句： 8.He is the very person (whom) I’m looking for. 他正是我要找的人。 9.This is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently. 这就是我们政府一直追求的灵活政策。 10.Those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarship. 那些家里提供不起食宿的学生可以得到奖学金。 11.There are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students. 有些形式是不能告诉给学生的。 关系副词引导的定语从句： 12.I took Mr. John to the village, where I had spent my carefree childhood. 我把约翰先生带到我度过无忧无虑童年的乡村。 13.I still remember the time when we studied in the same university. 我还记得我们一起上大学的日子。 具体翻译来说，定语从句的翻译可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种，翻译成汉语时不论是在语序方面还是重复先行词方面都有一定的讲究： 限制性定语从句的翻译可分为以下几方面： 1．前置： 这种定语从句一般比较短，翻译起来比较方便，和汉语的词序完全一样，例如： a.This is the finest weather that I have ever seen this month. 这是这个月我所看到的最好的天气。 b.Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。 c.Teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests. 老师通常喜欢考试中成绩好的学生。 d.他不是一个轻易服输的人 He is not the one who will give up easily. 以上的这些例子告诉我们，如果定语很短的话，我们可以把他象汉语一样放在中心词的前面。但是，有的时候，如果定语太长，读起来就不符和汉语的习惯，因此，往往要后置，重复先行词,这就是下面要提到的定语从句的 “后置” 问题，例如： 2．后置： a. Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after their death. 吝啬鬼经常是看起来年很孤单、不为人所主意，可他们的财富只有等到他们死了以后才 暴露出来。 3．“综合性”的翻译法。 综合性”的翻译就是，翻译时不需要关系词，其中的关系完全靠上下文的意思来表现出来，例如： a.This is the place where the accident occurred. 这就是发生交通事故的地方。 b.The person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor. 他的邻居把信交给了他。 c. There is a big oak tree that stands just in front of the village. 村子前面有棵大象树 d.Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. 大多数病人想找人坦率、诚实地倾诉他们的苦衷。 非限制性定语从句： 这里，也可以分为以下几种： 1.前置： a. We need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence 我们需要一个人人都信赖的主席。 b.The worldly well-known actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage. 那个病了很多年的著名演员，一上台观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。 c. Piccaso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age. 毕加索的作品曾鼓励了很多人，后来年纪很大时，作品也日趋成熟。 2.后置: 这里包括： 重复先行词, 译成并列分句。这是比较常见的翻译方法： a.He deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily. 我们每个月都在银行里存一些钱，这样，碰到有任何危机时，我们就可以应付了。 b. A table has four legs, one of which is broken. 桌子有四条腿，其中的一条腿是坏的。 c. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least. 生活在澳大利亚中部有很多问题，其中取水还不算最艰苦的。 d.He decided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances. 他决定辞职，而这是他目前所能做的最好的事。 e.He is late for class today, as is often the case. 他今天迟到了，而这是经常的事。 以上的句子在翻译成汉语后，要重复先行词。其中的“which”可以是指前面的整个句子，也可以单指某个先行词。 3.省略先行词 这种句行就象前面讲的“综和性”翻译一样，直接把整个句子的意思讲出来，例如： a.The two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and scholars. 这两个大学，签定了 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ，决定交换学生和学者。 b.He caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood. 他看见一个士兵走进农舍，脸色因失血过多而苍白。 c. He passed the exam, which can be read from his the light on his face. 我从他脸上就可以看出他已通过了考试。 d. He arrived at the railway station in time , which is expected . 他果然准时到了火车站。 4.译成状语从句 有些作定语的句子听起来却有点象状语从句，因此翻译时可以将其译成状语似的从句： a.You should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is very valuable.(原因) 你应该利用这个机会好好学习英语，这太重要了。 b.We examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因) 我们检验产品很仔细，因此产品都很可靠。 c.I never believe the stories, which is appealing.(让步) 我从不相信他所说的故事，即使它很动听。 5. “as”引导的句子： 除了以上这些例子以外，还有一些特殊的由 “as”引导的句子, 翻译时可参考“as”的比 较结构从句： a. He is not such as fool as he looks 他并不象看上去的那么傻。 b. They were not such questions as could easily be disposed of. 这些问题可不是那么容易就能处理好的。 c. It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us. 这顿饭可没有她向我们说的那么好。 1999（下）英语翻译试卷 一、汉译英（50％） 　　妈妈退休了，闲在家中。她身体不好，不便多做家务，时常是早晨上公园散步，回来躺一会儿；中午吃完午饭，再上楼躺一会儿；晚上看完最后一个电视节目，又是睡觉。久而久之，我们开始觉得她精神反倒不如以前了。 　　她太闲了，力气活不能多做，又没有读过什么书，我们想不出有什么办法可以消除她的寂寞。白天，爸爸和我们兄妹都要上班；晚上妹妹要去夜校，我也要在自己房里看书，好象只有吃晚饭的时候，我们才有机会和她在一起聊聊。尽管能和她说的事实在不多，但在这样的时候，她会显得特别高兴，特别有精神。 　　 　　二、英译汉（50％） 　　 Some scientists consider that sleep is an instinct, a basic need for the body and mind to relax and to escape from the responses needed while awake. We become tired in body and mind if we do not sleep, and scientists have proved that when we do sleep the electrical activity of the brain slows down, although it may be stimulated when we dream. 　　 One chemical theory is that a substance needed to maintain the waking state becomes exhausted and may be replenished in sleep. A contrary suggestion is that some poisonous substances built up in wakefulness may be destroyed when we go to sleep. 　　 Other theories connect the need for increased wakefulness with the development of the more sophisticated areas of the brain. This could explain why newborn babies whose powers of reasoning have not yet developed, spend most of their lives asleep. It has been demonstrated that a particular part of the brain, the reticular formation, if severed, cause continuous sleep. 　　 Although we are not sure why we sleep, there is no doubt that we need to do so and so do most other animals. The pattern of sleep and wakefulness is closely connected with our habits and senses. Animals which depend upon sight for food, shelter and defence, like man, are diurnal. That means they are for the most part active during the day and asleep at night. 　　 The amount of sleep needed by a person to remain in full health varies considerably with age, with different individuals, and even, perhaps, with race. Pre-school children generally need ten to twelve hours sleep, schoolchildren nine to eleven hours and adults seven to nine hours. Adults seem to need progressively less sleep as they grow older, and exceptional case are known of elderly people who have remained healthy on two to three hours a night. It has been said that the Japanese, both children and adults, sleep less than Europeans, but that may be due to habit rather than to race. 2000年4月全国英语英语翻译试卷、答案 本试题分两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题，选择题20分，非选择题80分，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用 英文作答（英文翻译题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。 PART ONE Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Questions（20 points, 2 points for each） A、Directions:This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different translations labeled A、B、C and D. Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words. A.在以后的岁月里，比尔就这样学着拼写，并且学会了拼写许多单词，真叫人难以理解。 B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。 C.在尔后的年月里，令人不解的是，比尔就这样学着拼写，居然也学会了拼写许多单词。 D.令人不理解的是，在往后的日子里，比尔就这样学着拼写，而且学会了拼写许多单词。 2.It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies. A.贫困毫无疑问仍然是这个国家面临的一个问题，正如其它许多发展中乃至发达的经济体制一样。 B.正如其它许多发展中的经济体制乃至发达的经济体制一样，贫困无疑仍然是这个国家的一个问题。 C.同其它许多发展中乃至发达国家一样，贫困毫无疑问仍然是这个国家面临的一个问题。 D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。 3.破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。 A.A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily. B.Though it can be glued back together, a mirror does not look beautiful but fragile. C.a broken mirror, though glued back together, does not look beautiful but fragile. D.A broken mirror, though glued back together, has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily. 4.为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。 A.This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education. B.In order to develop primary education and in accordance with the Constitution and the reality in our country, this law has been drawn up. C.We have drawn up this law in light of the Constitution and the reality in our country to develop primary education. D.According to the Constitution and the reality in our country, we have drawn up this law in order to develop primary education. 5.不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。 A.If we do not carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy, the strategic goals we have determined can not be achieved. B.Without carrying out reforms and following the opining-up policy, our strategic goals can not be reached. C.We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy. D.Without carrying out reforms and following the opening-up policy, it is impossible for us to reach our strategic goals. B、Directions:This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A、B、C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement. 6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。 A.英语代词使用得多，汉语代词使用得少 B.英语形合句用得多，汉语意合句用得多 C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活 D.英语状语位置较灵活，汉语状语位置较固定 7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。 A.结构紧凑，层次分明 B.措辞严谨，忌生歧义 C.条理清楚，关涉明晰 D.简洁明快，避免重复 8._______________虽然不谙英语，但依靠他人口述原作意思，翻译了大量的欧美小说。 A.林纾 B.严复 C.鲁迅 D.傅雷 9.In The Theory and Practice of Translation, _____________ and Charles R. Taber emphasize the importance of the translator's respect for the genius of each language. A.Saint Jerome B.Eugene A.Nida C.Cicero D.A.F.Tytler 10.In relating the translator's work, Theodore Savory concludes that the translator must take into account all the following factors except _____________. A.the content of the original text B.the meaning of the original text C.the style of the original text D.the readership of the original text PART TWO Ⅱ.Phrase Translation（20 points, 1 point for each） A、Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese. 11.stock market 12.overseas investment 13.trade surplus 14.mean temperature 15.continedtal shelf 16.freedom from noise pollution 17.information superhighway 18.full diplomatic relations 19.the principle of equality 20.books on popular science B、Directions: Put the following phrases into English. 21.全国人民代表大会 22.市场经济 23.珠江三角洲 24.纯利润 25.故宫博物馆 26.世界贸易组织 27.和平共处 28.个人所得税 29.版权公约 30.社会稳定 Ⅲ.Translation Improvement（30 points, 2 points for each） A、Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has on of more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. Example 原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate. 译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。 改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。 31.原文：He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 译文：他耸了耸他的肩，摇了摇他的头，他的两眼看着天，一句话也不说。 32.原文:He was like a cock, who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 译文：他像只以为太阳升起来就是为了听他叫的公鸡。 33.原文:She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. 译文：她尽力纠正丈夫的抢劫行为。 34.原文:I welcome the opportunity created for Hongkong by the election of Mr.Tong Chee-hua as chief executive of the Hongkong SAR. 译文： 我欢迎董建华先生当选香港特别行政区行政长官为香港带来的新的机遇。 35.原文:She recognized the absurdity of dealing with these people through intermediaries. 译文：她认识到通过中间人跟这些人打交道的愚蠢性。 36.原文:He had talked to President Clinton, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 译文：他和克林顿总统交谈过。他保证，凡是能做到的都将尽力去做。 37.原文:One can never see too many summer sunrises on the Mississippi River. 译文：夏天，人们永远不能在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。 38.原文:I owned a town house, a summer cottage in the mountains and a car to take myself about. 译文：以前，我有幢城里的房子、山间避暑的别墅和出门用的小汽车。 B、Directions:Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. Example 原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。 译文：To write a preface to his collection of his essays gives me a great honor. 改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays. 39.原文:首相及其随从人员参观人故宫。从前中国皇帝在故宫过着奢华显赫的生活。 译文:The Prime Minister and his group of aides toured the Forbidden City, the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor. 40.原文:我去年写了四本书，打破了以往的 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 。 译文:I wrote four books last year, a record never touching before. 41.原文:样品及说明书如蒙早寄来，不胜感激。 译文:If samples and brochures could soon be forwarded to us, it would be appreciated. 42.原文:中国将努力促进粮食增产，使粮食自给率在正常情况下不低于95%。 译文:China endeavors to increase its grain production, its self-sufficiency rate will be above 95 percent under normal conditions. 43.原文:总投资达10亿美元的新机场于1995年10月26日开始兴建。 译文:The new airport with a total investment of one billion US dollars began on October 26,1995. 44.原文:武汉是长江中游地区的大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济和文化中心。 译文:Wuhan, is a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic and cultural centre of Hubei Province. 45.原文:合营企业的一切活动均须遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法令和其它有关规定。 译文:All activities of an equity joint venture shall observe the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People's Republic of China. Ⅳ.Paragraph Translation（30 points, 15 points for each） A、Directons:Translate the underlined parts of the following passage into Chinese. 46.Owing to the energy crisis and sky-high prices, some Americans, at least, are beginning to pay attention to small savings that were regarded as unimportant only yesterday. This new spirit of frugality is most remarkable in direct efforts to conserve gas and other fuels. People prefer high-mileage cars, and drivers have begun to develop the habit of cutting off the engine during long waits. Quite a few Americans have taken to walking or biking on shorter trips, and not just for the exercise. The new spirit is seen in other aspects of daily life, too. More people are having meatless meals. Some are raising vegetables for reasons other than taste. Families are also turning to secondhand markets for things they need. Thick quilts are replacing electric blankets in some bedrooms. In certain areas people are taking more shoes to shops for repair, and repair stores are doing a good business. Such spirit can be seen all over the country. B、Directions:Translate the underlined parts of the following passage into English. 47.最近，美国报刊报道了这样一件事儿：有一对贫穷的美国夫妇，两人都失业了，由于付不起房租，不得不从久居的房子里搬出来， 带着儿子住在汽车里。 一天，这对夫妇在路上捡到一个钱包，里面有2500美元。他们是多么需要这样一笔钱呀！丈夫认为应该把钱交给警察局，妻子犹豫了 一下，也同意了……没过多久，失主就来认领了。按美国的惯例，失主应该给这对夫妇20%左右的酬金。然而，失主一分钱没给就走了。 警察感到非常失望和遗憾，就把此事披露给新闻界。这件事经报纸、电视报道就传开了。 一时间，警察局收到全国成百上千的来信，信中赞扬这对诚实的夫妇，有的信中还夹着100美元或200美元。有200家公司向这对夫妇提 供就业机会。当记者采访他们时，妻子哭了。美国有句谚语：诚实总是上策。这对夫妇的经历又一次证实了这句谚语。 二○○○年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 翻译试题参考答案 Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Questions（20 points, 2 points for each） [参考答案] 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D Ⅱ.Phrase Translation（20 points, 1 point for each） [参考答案] A、11.股票市场/证券市场 12.海外投资 13.贸易顺差 14.平均温度 15.大陆架 16.无噪声污染 17.信息高速公路 18.正式外交关系 19.平等原则 20.科普书籍 B、21.the National People's Congress 22.market economy 23.the Pearl River Delta/the Zhujiang（River）Delta 24.net profit 25.the Palace Museum 26.World Trade Organization/WTO 27.peaceful coexistence 28.individual income tax 29.copyright convention 30.social stability Ⅲ.Translation Improvement（30 points, 2 points for each） [参考答案] A、31.改译:他耸了耸肩，摇了摇头，两眼看着天，一句话也不说。 32.改译:他像只公鸡，以为太阳升起来就是听他叫的。 33.改译:有人指控她丈夫抢劫，她极力为丈夫申辩。 34.改译:董建华先生当选香港特别行政区行政长官，为香港带来了新的机遇。对此，我感到十分高兴。 35.改译:她认识到，通过中间人跟这些人打交通太愚蠢了。 36.改译:他和克林顿总统交谈过。总统向他保证，凡是能做到的都将尽力去做。 37.改译:夏天，密西西比河上的日出令人百看不厌。 38.改译:以前，我城里有房子，山里有别墅可以避暑，出门还有小汽车可以代步。 B、39.改译:The Prime Minister and his group of aides toured the Forbidden City, where（或 in which）the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor. 40.改译:I wrote four books last year, a record never touched before. 41.改译:It would be appreciated if samples and brochures could soon be forwarded to us. 42.改译:China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-sufficiency rate will be above 95 percent under normal conditions. 43.改译:The construction of the new airport with a total investment of one billion US dollars began on October 26,1995. 44.改译:Wuhan,（which is）a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic and cultural center of Hubei Province. 45.改译:All activities of an equity joint venture shall conform to/comply with the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People's Republic of China. Ⅳ.Paragraph Translation（30 points, 15 points for each） [参考答案] A、46.大家现在都喜欢耗油量低的汽车。开车的人已开始养成一种习惯：等候时间较长就关掉发动机。不少（美国）人养成了路不远就步 行或骑车的习惯，这样做并不只是为了锻炼身体。 这种新的节俭精神在日常生活的其它方面也有所体现。越来越多的人吃饭时不吃肉了。有些人还种起了蔬菜，可这并不是为了换换口味。 许多家庭还上旧货市场买（所需要的）东西。有些家庭不用电热毯了，又盖起了厚厚的被子。有的地方，到店里去修鞋的人多了起来，修 鞋店的生意现在非常红火。 [参考答案] B、47.One day, on the road the couple found a wallet wallet with 2,500 dollars in it - a sum of money the poor family badly needed. The husband suggested, however, that the money be handed over to the police station. And the wife agreed after a "wavering second."Soon the wallet was claimed by the loser. According to the conventional practice in the United States, the owner of the wallet should the wallet owner left the police station without giving a cent. The police felt very disappointed and regretful, and therefore informed the press of the whole story, which then became publicly known through newspaper and TV reports. 2001(上)自学考试英语专业英语翻译 本试题分两部分，第一部分为选择题，第1页至第3页；第二部分为非选择题，第4页至第6页，共6页；选择题30分，非选择题70分，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。 PART ONE I．Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.You can’t be too careful while driving! [A]开车要特别小心！ [B]开车不能太小心！ [C]你开车时不得不小心翼翼！ [D]你开车要小心，但切忌谨小慎微！ 2.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. [A]土样被从不同深度取出，进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 [B]从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 [C]根据含油的迹象，土样被从不同深度取出，对之进行检验。 [D]为了寻找含油的迹象，从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验。 3.Scarcity of deer in some areas or Texas is attributed to the screw-worm. [A]得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少造成了这样螺旋锥蝇的出现。 [B]得可萨斯州某些地区稀少的鹿群与这种螺旋锥蝇起着相互影响。 [C]这种螺旋锥蝇的出现，就是因得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少而造成的。 [D]得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群之所以稀少，就是由这种螺旋锥蝇造成的。 4.It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I had intended to pay to Germany in January. [A]我原 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。 [B]我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。 [C]令我深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。 [D]令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对的国预定的访问。 5.Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, and the waters flow more quietly. [A]河面逐渐展开，两岸徐徐向后退去，河水也流得更为平缓。 [B]河面逐渐展开，两岸离得越来越远，河水也流得更为平缓。 [C]河面逐渐展开，两岸变得越来越近，河水也流得更为平缓。 [D]河面逐渐展开，两岸愈加隐隐约约，河水也流得更为平缓。 6.Zhou Enlai arranged for experts from Beijing University to give Bill Morrow some up-to-date information he wanted. [A]北京大学的专家想为比尔·莫罗提供一些最新情况，周恩来就给他们作了安排。 [B]周恩来想让北京大学的专家作出安排，向比尔·莫罗介绍一些最新情况。 [C]比尔·莫罗想了解一些最新的情况，周恩来就安排北京大学的专家向他作介绍。 [D]比尔·莫罗想了解一些有关北京大学的专家的最新情况，周恩来就作了安排。 7.小王没有辜负父母的期望。 [A]Xiao Wang reached his parents’ expectations. [B]Xiao Wang satisfied his parents’ hopes. [C]Xiao Wang realized his parents’ dreams. [D]Xiao Wang lived up to his parents’ expectations. 8.世界在变化，我们的思想和行动也要随之而变。 [A]The world is changing, we should change our thinking and actions along with it. [B]The world is changing, werefore we should change our thinking and actions along with it. [C]The world is changing, and we should change our thinking and actions along with it. [D]The world is changing, but we should change our thinking and actions along with it. 9.大错误没有犯， 小错误没有断， 因为我们没有经验。 [A]We haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made minor ones, because we have no experience. [B]Since we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. [C]As we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. [D]although we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. 10.她不爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。 [A]She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question. [B]She said little, answering only briefly when asking a question. [C]She said little, others asked and then she answered briefly. [D]She said little, and not answered briefly only until other asked. B: Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D]. Select the one that best completes each statement. 11.“信、达、雅”这一翻译标准，是严复在他翻译的_________一书中的“译例言”中提出的。 [A]《原富》 [B]《天演论》 [C]《法意》 [D]《穆勒名学》 12.周煦良认为“雅”应当理解为________. [A]尔雅 [B]有文采 [C]得体 [D]易懂 13.__________认为，一部好的译作总是既有直译又有意译的：凡能直译处坚持直译，必须意译处则放手意译。 [A]傅雷 [B]郭沫若 [C]王佑良 [D]茅盾 14.王力先生指出，西文多用形合法，______. [A]因此定语从句用得特别多 [B]因为现在分词用得特别多 [C]联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的 [D]介词和介词短语往往是不可缺少的 15.就句子结构而言，一般说来，_________. [A]汉语多用并列结构，英语也多用并列结构 [B]汉语多用并列结构，英语多用主从结构 [C]汉语多用主从结构，英语有多用主从结构 [D]汉语多用主从结构，英语多用并列结构 PART TWO II. Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each) A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese. 16.the Industrial Revolution 17.joint venture 18.labor intensive industries 19.court of appeals 20.registered capiotal 21.force majeure 22.Universal Copyright Convention 23.per capita 24.internal combustion engine 25.economic globalization B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.自然资源 27.营业执照 28.修正案 29.香港特别行政区 30.保险公司 31.原料 32.太和殿 33.金融危机 34.原油 35.国民生产总值 III. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each) Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. A.Example: 原文：It was an old and ragged moon. 译文：那是一个又老又破的月亮。 改译：那是一弯下弦残月。 36.原文：They had barely enough time to catch the train. 　 译文：他们刚够使劲赶上火车。 37.原文：Martha bought a suit for one-third off the regular price. 　 译文：玛莎以原价三分之一的钱买了一套衣服。 38.原文：I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. 　 译文：我把青春献给了海洋，回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。 39.原文：Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. 　 译文：他的许多思想对当代青年特别感兴趣。 40.原文：Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects. 　 译文：布林德雷在为他的 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 项目到处奔走的时候，还用自己的帐户中的利息对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。 41.原文：It may not be in the interest of one or more of these groups to have clarity and simplicity in land information and regulations where that group is deriving illegal profits from land transactions. 　 译文：使土地信息透明和土地法规简化可能不符合正在从土地买卖中非法获得的某些集团的利益。 B.Example: 原文：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 译文：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces. 改译：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and so does reform. 42.原文：她在这出戏里扮演祥林嫂。 　译文：She played the part of Sister-in-law Xianglin in the opera. 43.原文：先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。 　 译文：The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to the position of Harvard in the United States in the American history. 44.原文：就我们国家来讲，首先是要摆脱贫穷。要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条比较快的发展道路。 　 译文：For China, the first thing is to throw off poverty. To throw off poverty we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly. 45.原文：我进去看了，只记得有几个年青人在那里唱民歌，别的没有印象了。 　 译文：I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there, and I do not remember anything else. IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points) A.Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (20 points) 46.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. Driving southward from Cairo into the Valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era. For the next 1,800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts. I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm. The villages and towns were usually perched on the edge, so as not to waste arable soil and because there was a need, before the High Dam tamed the Nile, to live beyond the reach of the annual floods. The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert. B.Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (10 points) 47.我虽爱买书，而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候，常在书上把我认为要紧的处所标出。有些书用笔加圈，其他书就用红铅笔划粗粗的线。经过我看过的书，统体干净的很少。 参考答案及评分标准 I．Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each) 1. A　　　　　2. B　　　　　3. D　　　　　4. B　　　　　5. B 6. C　　　　　7. D　　　　　8. C　　　　　9. D　　　　　10.A 11.B　　　　　12.C　　　　　13.C　　　　　14.C　　　　　15.B II. Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each) A. 16．工业革命（或产业革命） 17．合资企业 18．劳动秘集型产业 19．上诉法庭 20．注册资本 21．不可抗力 22．世界版权公约 23．人均 24．内燃机 25．经济全球化 B. 26.natural resources 27.business license 28.amendment 29.Hong Kong Special Administrative Region （或Hong Kong SAR） 30.insurance company 31.raw material(s) 32.The Hall of Supreme Harmony 33.financial crisis 34.crude oil 35.gross national product （或GNP） III. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each) [评分标准及参考答案] 一．本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。 二．凡与参考答案相符，给2分；若与参考答案不符，但考生能用 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 译语把原文的意思准确地表达出来，也可给2分。 三．即使辨认出错误，但没有正确改译，不给分。 四．如考生在改译中把原译的错处或缺点改掉，却又在另一点上犯错，原则上不给分；如错误小，可考虑给1分。 A. 36．他们差点儿没赶上火车。（要求考生掌握副词“barely”的意思及反译法） 37．玛莎买了一套衣服，比原价便宜三分之一。（要求考生掌握分数及“off”在这儿的译法） 38．我年青时出海，回到妻子身边时已垂垂老矣。（要求考生把握全句，用引伸法译出意思。如有人译成“我将青春献给了大海，晚年回家来和妻子过日子”等，也不算错。） 39．他的许多观点，当代青年特别感兴趣。（要求考生在译文中弄清主谓动宾关系，注意句子结构。） 40．布林德雷在为他的工程项目到处奔走的时候，出于自愿和兴趣，对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。（要求考生避免望文生义，弄清确切意思再翻译） 41．使土地信息透明，土地法规简化，就可能不符合某些集团的利益，因为这些集团正在从土地买卖中非法获利。（要求考生用切分法翻译此长句） B. 42.She played the part of Xianglin’s Wife in the opea.（要求考生避免死译，不要一看到“嫂”就翻译成“sister-in-law”，要理清关系。但若翻译为“Sister Xianglin”，虽不准确，但口语中也有人这样说，因此也可给分。） 43.The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.（要求考生用人称代词所有格代替重复部分） 44.For China, the first thing is to throw off poverty. To do that we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly.（要求考生避免重复，用规范的英语表达） 45.I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there.（要求考生用省略法翻译，避免中式思维） IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points) A.[参考答案] （20分） 46．尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。从这里再往前一千八百英里，尼罗河像一条细细的蓝色丝带，缓缓流向北方，沿途穿过棕色的土地和绿色的田野，这田地窄的不过几码，宽的则赶得上美国依阿华州的玉米地。田地外边是村草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方则平平地伸向地平线。 我感到仿佛是在开车穿过一个狭窄而极长的农场。大小村镇一般都处于田地的边上，这是为了不浪费耕地，同时有是因为在高坝控制尼罗河以前，有必要住得远一点，以躲避每年发生的洪水。公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，有时穿过庄稼地，有时像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。 [评分要点] 英译汉部分满分为20分，包括分句评价分18分，总体评价分2分。 分句评价分的分值如下： 第1句：（3分） follow一词不可译为“跟随”。译文需改变句子结构。 第2句：（3分） 要正确理解owed little to，译作“没有受到多少现代影响，”“没有多少现代的痕迹，”或类似译法均可。 第3句：（3分） unwound一词不可译作展开，可译作“穿过”，或“延伸”。 第4句：（3分） 这是一个倒装句，关键是把动词lay处理好。译文需改变句子的结构。 第5句：（2分） had the illusion可译作“仿佛感到”，或“有一种幻觉”等，但不可译作“幻想”。 第6句：（2分） 要正确处理a need 和to live的关系。 第7句：（2分） 要正确理解now…，now…的意思。 总体评价分为2分。考生的分句评价分在15分（含15分）以上才可加总体评价分。如果译文在总体上理解正确，内容上忠实原文，表达流畅，汉语规范，则可给2分。如果理解基本正确，内容上基本忠实原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给1分。 B.[参考答案] （10分） 47.Much as I love books, I take little care of them. In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book. In some books, I use a writing brush to draw small circles as markings. In others, I use a red pencil to draw heavy underlines. Consequently, the books I have read are rarely clean. [评分要点] 汉译英部分满分为10分，包括分句评价分9分，总体评价分1分。 分句评价分的分值如下： 第1句：（2分） although和but不能在句中同时出现。 第2句：（2分） 译文应有主语。 第3句：（3分） 该句可译成两句。如译成一句，则需有联结成分。“笔”若译成pen，不算错。 第4句：（2分） 注意句子结构。不要译成：The books I have read, few are clean，或出现类似的语法错误。 总体评价分为1分。考生的分句评价分在7分（含7分）以上才可加总体评价分。如果译文在总体上理解正确，内容上忠实原文，表达流畅，英语规范，则可给1分。如果理解基本正确，内容上基本忠实原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给0.5分或不给分。 全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题及答案 www.hdcatv.com 2002年07月11日发布 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 课程代码：00087 PART ONE Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write it down on the answer sheet. 1.Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。 B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。 C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。 D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。 2.It will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated. A.这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。 B.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。 C.知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。 D.当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。 3.Alice rudely showed me the door. A.爱丽斯无礼地向我指了一下门的位置。 B.爱丽斯无礼地让我看了看她的门。 C.爱丽斯无礼地把我送到门口。 D.爱丽斯无礼地把我轰出了门。 4.There's the bell; someone is at the door. A.那里有个铃；门口有个人。 B.那里有个铃；有人在叫门。 C.铃响了，有人在门口。 D.铃响了，有人叫门。 5.There is no one of us but wishes to go to the exhibition. A.我们每一个人都想去看展览。 B.没有谁想去看展览。 C.我们都没在，但有人想请我们去看展览。 D.虽然大家都没在，但我们都希望去看展览。 6.The car beeped at me until I fastened my seatbelt. A.汽车向我发出了嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。 B.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。 C.汽车在我系上安全带之前才发出嘟嘟的声音。 D.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。 7.流传久远的作品是靠文学技巧流传，谁会关心百十年前的生活? A. Literary works have stood the test to time because of the skill, who today really cares about the details of life a hundred years ago? B. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill. Who today really cares about the details of life a hundred years ago? C. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written. Who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago? D. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written, who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago? 8.应该对货币流通量进行控制，使其有利于人民币价值的稳定，有利于经济的增长。 A. The volume of money in circulation should keep at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value of the RMB and to economic growth. B.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level that will stabilize the value of the RMB and encourage economic growth. C.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilize the value of the RMB and to encourage economic growth. D.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value of the RMB and to economic growth. 9.发展是硬道理。 A. Development is the hard reason. B. Development is the hard principle. C. Development is the absolute reason. D. Development is the absolute principle. 10.不发达地区大都是拥有丰富资源的地区，发展潜力是很大的。 A.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources, have great potential for development. B.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and have great potential for development. C.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources development potential is very great. D.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and their development potential very great. B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement and write it down on the answer sheet. 11.“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。”这是_______提出的。 A.鲁迅 B.瞿秋白 C.茅盾 D.郭沫若 12.杨宪益说：“译者应尽量忠实于原文的形象，既不要夸张，也不要夹带任何别的东西”。他针对的是______。 A.任何一种翻译 B.文学翻译 C.诗歌翻译 D.汉英翻译 13.“上下文在解决语言单位的多义性问题上起着最重要的作用。”这是______的论述。 A.林纾 B.巴尔胡达罗夫 C.泰特勒 D.费多罗夫 14.王力先生指出，中国语里多用意合法，______。 A.因此连词用得较多 B.因为主从结构用得较多 C.联结成分并非必需 D.联结成分十分需要 15.汉语有很多四字成语，译成英语时，译文______。 A.一定要保持原文的形象 B.一定要脱离原文的形象 C.一定要符合原文的意思 D.一定要在英语中找到对应的成语 PART TWO Ⅱ.Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each) A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese. 16.a man of letters 17.the gold rush 18.national census 19.sustainable development 20.arid gully 21.science fiction 22.like a drowned rat 23.applied entomology 24.an insect-free world 25.common ground B. Directions: Put the following phrases into English. 26.手语 27.《新民主主义论》 28.北伐 29.市政府 30.跨国公司 31.丝绸之路 32.泰晤士河 33.安理会 34.大陆架 35.祝酒词 Ⅲ.Translation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each) Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. A. Example: 原文：He asked after you. 译文：他在你之后发问。 改译：他问起你的情况。 36.原文：By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen. 译文：到1820年，标准方式已经是把工人雇到工厂里，使他们监督。 37.原文：Many exciting and experimental things in theatre are also being done in university theatres and community centers. 译文：许多令人兴奋的，在剧场里的实验性的东西，也在大学的剧场和社区中心上演。 38.原文：Don't lose time in doing your homework. 译文：别在做作业上浪费时间。 39.原文：I discovered that more than desire and emotion were necessary to write, so I dropped the idea. 译文：我发现，要写作，需要更大的愿望和更丰富的感情。于是，我放弃了写作的念头。 40.原文：Presently he was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune. 译文：过了一会儿，有一个上了年纪的牧师，骑着一匹灰色的母马，用一种拿不准的语 调嘟囔着甚么，迎面向他走来。 41.原文：A friend exaggerates a man's virtue, an enemy his crimes. 译文：朋友极力赞扬你的美德，敌人你的罪过。 B.Example: 原文：展望二十一世纪，我们坚信前景将更加美好。 译文：Look into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future. 改译：Looking into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future. 42.原文：这样，不仅我能更好地为他们服务，与他们进行感情交流，也减少了一些他们与其他乘客的误会和纠纷。 译文：In this way, I can render them better service and exchange feelings with them and also reduce their misunderstandings and conflicts with other passengers. 43.原文：中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。 译文：In the prolonged course of China's development, it has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions. 44.原文：科学技术是第一生产力。 译文：Science and technology are a first productive force. 45.原文：计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。 译文：A planned economy is not equivalent to socialism, there is planning under capitalism too; a market economy is not capitalism, there are markets under socialism too. Ⅳ.Paragraph Translation (30 points) A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.(20 points) 46.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. …… Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated. B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English.(10 points) 47.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。推翻帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的反动统治，使中国人民的生产力获得解放，这是革命，所以革命是解放生产力。 [答案] [关闭窗口] PAGE 1