现在完成时练习题及答案

现在完成时练习题及答案 一、时态讲解:现在完成时 (1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。 第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词have/has提到主语之 前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…? You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…? He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…? 否定疑问式 简单回答(肯定/否定) Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. (2)用法: 1)现在完成时通常 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该 动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用， 如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ?注意: a) since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和 表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说: He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为: He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较: Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了,(已经回来了) Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了,(人不在) They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大) They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大). 3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如: She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 Irregular Verbs Base Form Past Form Past Participle bear bore born beat beat beaten become became become blow blew blown bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come do did done drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen find found found fly flew flown get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had had hear heard heard keep kept kept leave left left lose lost lost make made made put put put read read read run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent sing sang sung sink sank/sunk sunk take took taken teach taught taught write wrote wrote am, is was been are were been Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _________ _________ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) ______ _______ he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I ____ just ____ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We ____ ____English ____three years 5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? (改成反意疑问句) 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______have they been here? 7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) (动词填空) 8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. Ask the questions 1) I have been there for two days. __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3) He left here yesterday. _________ ________ he _________ __________? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. __________ ___________ they __________ a book? Keys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks. 1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” Keys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already 现在完成时练习题及答案 一、翻译下列句子: 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗, 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗, 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 8.他离开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。 11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。 二、用since和for填空 1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9. ___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 ? arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp ? be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since . 3) I went home yesterday. I home for . 4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________. ? come to / go back to / return to? be back to go out ? be out 1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________. ? become ? be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________. ? close ? be closed open ? be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________. 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. ? get up ? be up; die ? be dead; leave sp. ? be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep ? be asleep; finish / end ? be over;marry ? be married; 1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________. 2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________. 4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________. 6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________. ? start / begin to do sth. ? do sth. ;begin ? be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____. ? borrow ? keep; lose ? not have ;buy ? have ;put on ? wear catch / get a cold ? have a cold; get to know ? know 1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________. 3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________. ?have / has gone to ? have been in He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days. ? join the league / the Party / the army ? be a league member /a Party member / a soldier ? be a member of the league / the Party ? be in the league / the Party / the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He _________________ a _________________ for two years. He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years. He _______________________ the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years. 四、划线提问 1) I have been there for two days. __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3) He left here yesterday. _________ ________ he _________ __________? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. __________ ___________ they __________ a book 五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now. 3) John _______ England since he came back. 4) How long _____ they _____ this village? 5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. 6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. 7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm. 9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo. 12) He often _____ swimming. 13) _____ you ______ there last year? 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter? 七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空 1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” 八. 用适当的时态填空: 1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book. 9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. 现在完成时态练习题答案 一(翻译下列句子: 1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already. 5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 9. I have known them for five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining. 12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years. 13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three years. 二、用since或者for填空 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since 11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 ? 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week ? 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday ? 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years ? 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open ? 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 ? 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes ? 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years ? has been in ? has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in 2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army 四、划线提问 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here 3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy 五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days. A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I have never been there. A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place? B: He has been there only once. 六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 1. has gone t 2. went to 3. has been in 4. have , been in 5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been 7. have been in / at 8. has gone to 9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going 12. goes 13. Did , go 14. Do , go 七、综合练习: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already 八. 用适当的时态填空: 1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left 5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned 9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished 11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read 一、用作及物动词的wish和hope之比较 1.与不定式短语搭配时的异同比较。 作及物动词时，wish和hope都与to do sth.搭配。但分析表明，wish to do sth.意为“现在”想做某事，它表达的是眼下的 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 或意愿(一般容易实现)，其中“do”隐含的时间状语是“now”或“then”。而hope to do sth.意为想在“将来”做成某事， 它表达的是一个想要实现的目标(不一定能实现)，其中“do”隐含的时间状语是“in some time to come”。请比较下列从语料库中摘引的例子(注:本文中所有举例 均摘自Cobuild语料库)。 A lady wished to see me urgently. I wish now to give a more detailed description of the 1974 Remembrance Day march. DRI hopes to Out-Dos Ms-Dos with DR Dos. Their lawyer hops to take the case to the European Council. 有时，wish与 to do sth.搭配主要是表示礼貌和郑重，如: The authors wish to thank Ron Hochsprung at Apple for his patience and support. 2.与that引导的从句搭配时的异同比较。 作及物动词时，wish和hope都与that-clause搭配，但存在三方面的差异:1)在组合模式上，wish和that-clause只以sb. + wish + that-clause的形式组合。 而hope和that-clause可以sb. + hope + that-clause以及It + be + hoped + that-clause两种形式组合。2)在语义上，wish + that-clause和hope + that-clause虽都表示愿某种理想的情况(由that-clause表示出来)在“过去”、“现在”或“将来” 出现。但wish意味着所希望的是与事实相反的情况，因此几乎没有出现的可能 性，而hope意味着说话人认为所希望的情况有可能出现(也许并不会出现)，并 对之怀有期盼。3)在用法上，wish后的that-clause中的谓语动词只用两种时态: 过去完成时(表示该情况与过去的事实相反)和一般过去时(表示该情况与现在或 将来的事实相反)。如: One only wishes that he had spent more time gaining a perspective outside America. I wish your teeth were larger. I do wish they would get on with it. 而hope后的that-clause中的谓语动词可用多种时态。一般说来，过去时态表 示陈述的是“过去”的情况，进行时态表示陈述的是“现在”的情况，将来时态或一 般现在时态表示陈述的是“将来”的情况。请看举例: I hope you were inspired by the march, the drums, and God knows what. I hope Apple is working on the next-generation Macintosh operating system. It's hoped that it will shortly be supplying 40% of South Africa's motor fuel requirement. Let's hope he gets better and comes home. 3.wish带名词做宾语的分析。 用作及物动词的wish可以带名词做宾语，两者的搭配方式为:wish sb. sth.或 wish sth. to /on sb.(表祝愿)，wish sb. to do sth. 或 wish sth. done(表愿望)。例 如: I wish them all the luck in the world. I don't want to wish any bad luck on them. Many wish Britain to have a major influence in world affairs again. There is some sensitive material which the depositor does not wish divulged. 而在该语料库中没有发现hope后带名词作宾语的例子。 二、用作不及物动词的wish和hope之比较 用作不及物动词时，wish主要出现在if+sb.+wish、 as+sb.+wish、 when+sb.+wish等组合中，表示“眼下”的愿望或要求，这些组合既可作状语，也 可作插入语。而hope主要用在sb. +hope、it + be + hoped、what + sb. + hope + be等组合中，表示对一个理想情况的期盼，这些组合只作插入语。例如: Mr. Scowcroft means that the UN is now operating as the US wishes. When you print the briefing charts, you can also, if you wish, print the note files. The result, he hoped, would be happy. This, it is hoped, might provide an economic incentive for conservation. I put the key into what I hoped was the right lock. 此外，用作不及物动词的wish和hope都与for sth.搭配，但wish for sth.表示 想有某“物”的愿望(眼下没有得到的可能性)或要求(有可能性)，而hope for sth. 表示对一理想 “结果”的期盼(不一定能实现)。请看以下举例: I wish for a system that respects the aspiration of the young.(愿望) Lady Littelton wishes for a room of separation between the eating room and the drawing room.(要求) But chemists hope for a breakthrough in at least one area of research. 三、用作名词的wish和hope之比较 1.语法搭配及搭配意义的比较。 用作名词时，wish(es)与to do sth. / for sth. 搭配表示眼下想做某事 / 想有某物 的具体“愿望”，与 of sb.搭配表示某些人的笼统“意愿”。请看举例: It has no wish to intervene in the internal affairs of another nation. That's what had prompted Charles Babbage to groan out his famous wish for tables calculated by „steam?. The NF upholds the wish of the majority of the British people. 而hope(s) 常与of doing sth. / of sth. / for sth. 搭配，表示对一个理想结果的主 观“期盼”或有利于某结果出现的客观“机会”;与that-clause搭配，表示对出现某 情况的“期盼”或有利于某情况出现的“机会”;与for sb.搭配，表示对某人成功的“期 盼”或有利于某人成功的“机会”，等等。请看举例: Those two defeats effectively ended any hopes Britain had of winning the group. This revived hopes of a further interest rate cut. If it is, there will be no hope for the youngsters in the village. 2.动词搭配比较。 表示具体“愿望”的wish(es)主要与有“表达”、“存在”、“实现” 等含义的动词搭配， 如express、 speak out、 state、 groan out、 make no secret of、have、come true等。表示笼统“意愿”的wish(es)则主要与有“遵从”、“了解”、“违背”等含义的 动词搭配，如conform to、 make concession to、 be responsive to、 uphold、 correspond with、pay heed to、 be sensitive to、 take into account、ignore、 disregard、 override等。 表示主观“期盼”的hope(s)主要与有“持有”、“放弃”、“引发”、“打消”、“实现”等含 义的动词搭配，如 have、cherish、sustain、cling to、give up、abandon、offer、 give、raise、arouse、renew、revive、dash、shatter、end，be fulfilled / substantiated “存在”等含义的动词等。而表示客观“机会”的hope(s)主要与有“提供”、“ 看出”、 搭配，如offer、give、hold、hold out/deny、see、detect、have、there be等。 3.形容词搭配比较。 wish(es)除在best wishes中与best搭配表祝愿外，很少与其他形容词搭配。而 consistent、hope(s)可与大量的形容词搭配，它们包括high(“强烈的”期盼)， cherished、widely held、lingering(“怀有的”期盼)，big、much、great、obvious、 clear、high、boosted(“极好的”机会)，pious、vague、grim、scant、slender、 faint、a ray of、a beam of、a glimmer of、a glow of(“一线”期盼或机会)，forlorn、 vain、doomed、broken(“无望的”期盼)等。 4.介词搭配比较。 wish(es)主要与表示“遵从”的according to及表示“违背”的against搭配成介词短 语做状语或表语。例如: She thinks it is not right to impose something like the poll tax against the wishes of a majority of the population. The disposal of these „research? embryos should, as far as possible, be according to the donor's wishes. 而hope(s)主要与表“持有”含义的介词in以in (the) hope(s) of doing sth./sth.(怀 着对某结果的期盼)、in (the) hope(s) that + clause(怀着对某情况的期盼)的形式 组合起来做状。例如: Then there's the stream of day-trip Klondikers who descend on the Highland rivers in the hope of becoming rich overnight. The young men are deserting to Douala and Yaounde in hope of work and betterment. This has been interpreted as an offering to the goddess in the hope that she would increase the supply of flint. 从以上语料库调查比较的结果可以看出，在搭配上，使用中的wish和hope有着明显的规律性，它们都倾向于和某些语法形式或表示某些概念的词语搭配使用，且与特定的形式搭配时表示特定的意义。同时，实际运用中的wish和hope的意义并不像其概念意义“愿望” 和“希望”那样抽象而难以把握，由于受搭配形式意义的影响，它们的语义变得具体而容易区分。因此，只要学习者掌握了两个词各自的搭配形式及搭配后形成的意义，区分和运用这两个词应该不是一件难事。这也说明，从语用形式的角度研究近义词可以揭示笼统的语义辨析所难以揭示的规律性，它应该值得语言