英语答案一

总结一 奥林匹克篇 奥林匹克精神- the Olympic spirit requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. 奥林匹克精神：相互了解，友谊，团结和公平竞争 奥林匹克格言——Citius, Altius, Fortius, Faster(Swifter), Higher, Stronger 芬兰Citius，Altius，Fortius， 更快，更高，（更强） 奥林匹克信条——Olympic Creed “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well” 在奥林匹克中最重要的事情不是取胜而是参与，正如生活中最重要的不是胜利，而是奋斗。重要的不是打客服，而是打的不错。 网球的规则 Draw 抽签 The process by which matches are arranged and scheduled for a tournament. Generally, seeded players are given byes or scheduled before the draw, and names of the other entrants are then randomly selected to determine match-ups and order of play. Seed 种子 Before a tournament, certain players are ranked, based on their ability and recent performances. The process is called “seeding”, the rankings are called “seeds”, and the top-ranked player is called “the top seed”. Matches are then arranged so that the top-seeded players will not meet until the later rounds of the tournament. Bye 轮空 The right to advance to the next round of a tournament without playing a match. Top-seeded players are often given byes in the first round. Wild card 外卡 A special “invitation” given to players ,regardless of ranking, to compete in a tournament. Often given to top players who have missed the entry deadline and young players who have demonstrated outstanding potential. Open tournament 公开赛 In the early days of tennis, clubs held two types of tournament: “closed”, to which only club members were admitted, and “open”, which non-members could also enter. With the advent of professionalism, “open” came to mean a tournament that could be entered by amateurs and professional alike. Today, all major tournaments are open. Period Tournament Location Surface January Australian Open澳网 Melbourne Hard (Plexicushion) May-June French Open法网 Paris Clay June-July Wimbledon温布顿 London Grass August-September US Open美国 New York City Hard (DecoTurf)         网球四大满贯 网球裁判有哪些 一场正规的网球比赛中有12名裁判： 一名主裁判，一名副裁判，4名边裁，2个底线裁判，2个发球中线裁判，2个发球线裁判，另外还有六个球童。除主裁判以外，场上所有裁判和球童每小时换一次，确保他们得以休息，准确裁决。 主裁判   Tennis referee 副裁判    Tennis deputy referees 边裁     Tennis linesman 底线裁判  Bottom line tennis referee 发球线裁判  Tennis half-way between the referee 发球中线裁判  Tennis center line for the referee 发球区中线  His tennis court Central Line 球童  The tennis ball boy 电子裁判  Tennis electronic referee 排球的规则 发球： serve  救球 dig  拦网 block 一传 pass 二传 set 扣球 spike Setter  —  the second passer whose job is to position a pass to the hitter. Libero (自由人)—  a substitute defensive player especially adept at digging. Antenna 标志杆 Vertical poles attached to the outside edge of the net, that extend 80 centimeters above the net and delineate where the ball has to crass the net. The antemma is considered part of the net and is out of bounds. Attack line （three meters line） 进攻线 A line 3 meters from, and parallel to, the net. A back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he takes off on his jump from behind this line. 排球比赛中每方六个队员，每个人都是有自己位置的，从1号位到6号位（以前没有自由人）。2到4号在前排，其余在后排。前排与后排以三米线来区分。进攻时位置在后排的队员不许在三米线上或前面起跳扣球，否则犯规。从三米线后起跳扣球就是后排进攻了。 Crossing space 过网区 The zone above the net and between two antennae through which the ball must pass during a rally. Center line End line Side line Front zone 上面的区域网之间通过两个天线的球必须通过在一个集会。 Center line 中心线 End line 结束行 Side line 边线 Front zone 前区 Area abound the court (free zone ) 无障碍区 The free zone surrounds the court with a recommended minimum width of 3 meters. Service zone 发球区 The service zone is a 9 meters wide area behind each end line, it is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of the sidelines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone. In depth , the service zone extends to the end of the free zone. 发球区宽9米，位置在端线后(不包括端线)。两条端线后各画一条长15厘米、垂直并距离端线20厘米的短线，两条短线之间的区域为发球区，短线宽度包括在发球区之内。发球区的深度延至无障碍区的终端。 Ready position --- The flexed, yet comfortable posture a player assumes before moving to the point of contact. Forearm Pass – sometimes referred to as the “bump” or “dig”. Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion. Introduced in the late 1940’s as a desperation play, the forearm pass is now rated by many as the most important fundamentals in volleyball. Overhand pass--- a pass with both hands open, and controlled by the fingers with the face below the ball. A ball-handling skill using both hands simultaneously to contact the ball above the head and direct it to the intended target. Spike—also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intend to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker. Block --- a defensive player by one or more front row players meant to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands. Team starting line-up There must always be six players per team in play. The team’s starting line-up, i.e. the players’ serving order, indicates the rotational order of the players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set. Attacker – also hitter or spiker. A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor. Main attacker, ace spiker Second spike, side player 排球翻译 There are normally three outside hitters on the court who function as the primary passers and are among the top defensive players. They hit the ball from the left or right side of the court, including the back row and are essential to an effective offence. 通常有三者在法庭外的功能作为主要的路人，是最佳防守球员之间的。他们击出的球从球场的左侧或右侧，包括后排是一个有效的犯罪本质。 The serve can be made from anywhere behind the end line, although players can land inside the court if jumping to serve. 该服务可以从任何地方底线后面，虽然球员可以土地在法院如果跳发球。 得一分： 成功地让球接触到对方的场地 或是对手失误 或是对手受到处罚。 赢得一局： 先赢得25分并至少领先两分时赢得一局（决胜局，第五局除外）。如出现24平，比赛继续直到一方领先2分。 赢得比赛： 先赢得3局的队伍获得比赛胜利。如出现2平决胜的第五局采用15分制，也要至少领先两分。 Scores a point: -by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s playing court; -when the opponent team commits a fault -when the opponent team receives a penalty Win a set: A set (except the deciding, 5th set) is won by the team which firt scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved. Win a match: The match is won by the team that wins three sets. In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th)is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points. 篮球翻译 In a basketball game, teams constantly trade possession of the ball. At any given movement, the offense is the team that has the ball, and the defense is the team without the ball. For the offensive team, its success depends on its members playing together. On offense, only one player handles the ball at a time, but the other players are always moving and positioning themselves to try to create scoring opportunities, either for the ball handler for themselves. 在篮球比赛中，球队的球不断贸易占有。在任何给定的运动，进攻是有球的球队，和防守是球队没有球。对于球队的进攻，它的成功取决于其成员一起玩。在进攻上，只有一个球员处理球的时间，但是其他的球员总是移动和定位自己创造得分机会，要么持球者为自己。 Play big Bigger players can force their way closer to the basket, creating shorter shots for themselves and opening up space for the guards on the perimeter to hit jump shots. Playing big also gives a team an advantage in rebounding, the disadvantage of playing big is that smaller, quicker opponents may use their speed to play a fast-break game. 玩大 更大的玩家可以强行靠近篮下，创造较短的镜头为自己开放在外线命中跳投空间警卫。玩大了一队的篮板优势，发挥大缺点是更小，更快的对手可以利用他们的速度打快攻打法。 A team’s three-point game certainly depends on having excellent shooter, but it also depends on players setting good, solid screens that get shooters open and on players using the wings of the court(and thus forcing the defense to cover more area) . It also depends on having a strong inside game that prevents the defense from concentrating too much on the outside shooters. 一个团队的三点游戏当然取决于拥有出色的射手，但是这也取决于玩家设定好的，固体的屏幕，让射手打开和使用法庭的后场球员（和从而迫使防守覆盖更多的区域）。这也取决于拥有一个强有力的游戏里面，防止过多集中在防守外线射手。 Blocking out and rebounding are keys for a successful offense, because the team gains second or third opportunities to score on missed shots. However, blocking out and rebounding are generally more difficult for the offensive team than for the defensive team, because the defenders are usually playing closer to the basket than the offensive players. 阻断和反弹是一个成功的进攻的钥匙，因为团队获得了第二次或第三次得分机会，在投篮不中。然而，阻断和篮板通常是更困难的球队的进攻比防守的球队，因为后卫通常演奏比进攻球员更靠近篮。 An important element of man-to-man defense is matching up properly, so that players defend opponents who play the same position and are roughly the same size and skill level. The defense thus ensures that the offense does not create mismatches.  盯人防守人的一个重要元素是匹配得当，让球员防守对手打相同的位置和大致相同的大小和技能水平。防御使进攻不会创造错位。 The history of NBA The National Basketball Association(NBA), with 29 teams from the United States and Canada, is the major professional basketball league in the world, and represents the highest level of professional play. Players from all over the world aspire to play in North America. In 1946, a few Eastern-based arena operators agreed that they needed more events to bring the public into their buildings on nights their hockey teams were not scheduled play. From these decidedly humble beginnings, a professional basketball league that is now known as the National Basketball Association or NBA was born. There were 11 teams in that inaugural season of 1946-47, and only three remain today. They are the Boston Celtics, the New York Knicks and the Warriors, who started in Philadelphia, moved to San Francisco in 1962 and to Oakland in 1971, where today they are known as the Golden state Warriors.