Incident-waveseriesMonostaticRadarCrossSectionThegoalistoplotthemonostaticradarcrosssection(RCS)asafunctionofangleforascatteringobject,asshowninthefigurebelow.Thescatteringobjectisaso-calledcornerreflector:threesheetsofmetalconnectedatrightanglestoeachother.Acornerreflectorisoftenusedasacalibrationobjectinradarexperiments.IthastheadvantageofalargeRCSoverawideangularrange.Intheexampleproject,symmetryhasbeenexploitedwithrespecttotheXZplane.CornerreflectorToproduceaplotofmonostaticRCSthroughmeasurements,usuallytheincidentwaveisconstantandthescatteringobjectisrotated.Inthenumericalsimulation,however,thescatteringobjectisstationaryandacollectionofincidentwavesstrikesitfrommanydirections.Inthiscase,wewantincidentwaveswhosedirectionsofincidencevaryfromθ=0toθ=360degreesintheφ=0plane.Tovisualizethis,imaginethetransmittingandreceivingantennasgoingfullcircleintheXZplanearoundtheobject,whilealwaysbeingdirectedtowardsthescatteringobject.Thepolarizationischosentobeintheφdirection,i.e.intheYdirectioninthiscase.ThefigureaboveshowsthekandE0vectorsfortheθ=90degreescase.InHFSS,thecollectionofincidentwavesisdefinedasshowninthefigure.ByrequestingIwaveThetatogofrom0degto360deginfour-degreestepsweobtainthecollectionofincidentwavesasdescribedabove.Wewillthushaveasimulationwith91excitations.IncidentwavesetupDuringadaptivemeshrefinement,all91fieldsolutionswillinfluencethemeshrefinementprocess.Sincethereare91excitations,thesimulationwill91fieldsolutionstodisk,whichtakesalotofspace.Deletingfieldsolutions,onceallfar-fieldplotshavebeencreatedandexported,canbedonethroughHFSS>Results>Clean-upSolutions.Inordertocomputefarfieldsyouneedtodefineafar-fieldsetup:HFSS>Radiation>InsertFar-FieldSetup.Inmostcases,youneedthistodefineforwhichthetaandphivaluesyouwantthesoftwaretocomputefarfields.Inthecaseofmonostaticradarcrosssection,however,thetaandphihavebecomeredundantvariables.Youstillneedafar-fieldsetup,sinceitcontainsothernecessaryinformation,butyoucanfilloutthepanelasshownbelow.Definingthefar-fieldsetupToproducetheplotofmonostaticRCSversusangletheta,dothefollowing.1)UnderHFSS>Results>CreateReport,selectReportType:FarFields.Preparingaplotofafar-fieldquantity2)UndertheSweepstab,makeIwaveThetatheprimarysweepandmakesureAllValuesareselected.TheanglesThetaandPhiarepresentinthepanelbutareredundantformonostaticRCS.MakingIwaveThetatheprimarysweep3)UndertheYtab,askforMonostaticRCSandclickAddTrace.SpecifyingthedesiredtraceasMonostaticRCS,total,indB.UponpressingDone,theplotiscreated.Thismaytaketime,asall91fieldsolutionshavetobeloadedandpostprocessed.Theplotisshownbelow.TheverticalscaleisindBrelativetoonesquaremeter.MonostaticRCSofthesmallcornerreflectorat6GHzInthisexample,theedgesofthetriangularapertureofthecornerreflectorhavealengthof14cmwhilethewavelengthis5cm.Hence,thecornerreflectorisnotverylargeintermsofwavelength.Still,wecanseethatithasalargeRCSwhentheincidentwaveshinesintotheaperture,roughlyfrom40to120degrees.Thereisanotherpeakwhenthewavehitsperpendicularlyfrombelow,near215degrees.Athigherfrequencies,asomewhatflatmaximumisexpectedaround90degrees.TheplotbelowshowspartoftheRCSplotat10GHz.Atthisfrequency,thewavelengthis3cm,sothecornerreflectorisalittlelargerintermsofwavelength.Thehigh-frequencyphysical-opticslimitoftheRCSisgivenbywhereListhelengthofanedgeoftheaperture,0.1√2minthiscase.Withthisequationappliedat10GHz,wefindapproximatelyTheplotbelowshowsamaximumof-2.2dBm2.TheextradBisprobablyduetothecontributionfromtheedges.MonostaticRCSofthesmallcornerreflectorat10GHz
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