2003年12月catti二级笔译实务真题

2003年12月catti二级笔译实务 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题3小题．每题30.0分，共90.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ） 第1题 Nowhere to Go For the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like "Nagaraj"(who didn't want to reveal his real name). He's an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, "It was the shock of my lifetime," says Nagaraj. This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulations, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allows them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn't allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. "How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?" Nagaraj wonders. Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region's shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 workers held such visas—but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That's causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker "out of status" when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year's layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. "They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture," says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network. The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology finns retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February—down from 32,000 in February of last year. Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders "not to panic," and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswoman Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. "We are aware of the cutbacks," she says. "We're trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law." 【正确答案】： 无家可归 这不是正常的由市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。根据联邦政府的规定，纳加拉吉和他的同事有两个选择：要么立即回印度，要么在供过于求的劳动市场找到一份新工作，然后寄希望于移民归化局把他们的签证转到他们的新公司去。在法律上，他不能有收入，除非他办完移民局所有的手续之后。“没有工作，没有收入，我怎么生存呀?”纳加拉吉愁眉不展。 不久前，H-IB签证还是硅谷各公司解决当地程序员和工程师短缺问题的香饽饽。H-1B签证始于1992年，移民局希望通过签发这种签证来吸引其他国家的熟练工人来美工作。他们中的许多人带着妻儿，落地生根，并申请有永久居住权的绿卡。截止到2000年2月，大约8.1万名工人持有这种签证。但随着网络经济的崩溃，许多人遭到解雇。这导致了在美国移民社区的很大不安。当一个工人丢了饭碗，移民局就认为他“没有身份了”，在理论上，你可以认为他必须卷起行李回家了。由于今年工人被解雇幅度太大，美国政府近来有所让步，宣布了一系列模糊不清的政策，暗示如果他们符合某些特例并能找到一个公司为他们担保签证的话，他们还可以留下来。这一政策的结果就是数以千计的移民在美国面临着暗淡的不确定的前景，甚至被突然遣送回家。“他们生活在地狱的边缘，这也许是最痛苦的。”坐落在硅谷的移民互助网络组织的阿玛·维达这样认为。 在过去的几年里，硅谷的公司对这种H-1B的作用大肆吹捧，导致现在的情况更加糟糕。不久前，它们刚刚成功说服国会增加每年的H-1B签证的签发数量。但现在技术公司的紧缩使这一需求减慢。今年，硅谷的大公司如英特尔、思科和惠普都宣布裁员上千人，其中有许多H-1B签证持有者。移民局上个月声称今年 2月份有大约16.000名H-1B工人来到美国，大大低于去年2月份的32.000人。 上个月，了解到问题的严重性的美国移民局通知H-1B签证持有者“不要惊慌”，在他们被迫离开美国之前，会有一个宽限期。移民局的女 发言 中层任职表态发言幼儿园年会园长发言稿在政协会议上的发言在区委务虚会上的发言内部审计座谈会发言稿 人埃仑·史密特表示：“我们对裁员很清楚，这个月将有更多的导向性的政策出台。我们将在现有法律允许的范围里采取更宽容的政策。” [采分点解析] 1．a bear market 市场疲软。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 a bear market“市场疲软行情下跌的市面”。与其相对的是bull market“行情上涨的市面”，也就是我们常说的“熊市”、“牛市”。 2．Immigration and Naturalization Services(INS)(美国)移民归化局。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 Immigration and Naturalization Services(INS)为固定的专有名词，要用公认的名称来译。 3．wind one's way [分析] 理解结构采分点。 短语wind one's way(蜿蜒前进)在文中指“很不容易做到某事”。 4．Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region's shortage of programmers and engineers．不久前，H-1B签证还是硅谷各公司解决当地程序员和工程师短缺问题的香饽饽。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 此句的原文是被动结构，如果直译，则不符合汉语习惯，因此要脱离原文结构翻译。除所给参考译文外，还可译成“硅谷公司赞同H-1B签证，因为它可以解决公司当地程序员和工程师短缺问题”。 5．the dot-com crash网络经济的崩溃。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 the dot-com crash(网络经济的崩溃)为流行词语。 6．But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is...即使实施了这些含糊不清的政策，其结果也是…… [分析] 理解结构采分点。 loophole(漏洞，空子)，在原文中实际上指的是上一句的statements，即，政府的含糊“政策”。本句可以意译并同原文的下一句合译成一句话，使句子间衔接更好：“即使实施了这些含糊不清的政策，其结果也是……”。 7．The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years。在过去的几年里，硅谷的公司对这种H-1B的作用大肆吹捧，导致现在的情况更加糟糕。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 根据上下文，crisis(危机)应译成“情况”：词组in light of(根据)可以省略不译出；all the heated visa rhetoric(热烈的有关签证的煽动性语言)应译成“对这种H-1B的作用大肆吹捧”，其中，visa指的是前面提到的H-1B。因为所述原文是段落的首句，翻译时，应该用H-1B一词代替visa(签证)，以避免读者不知作者所云，产生歧义。 8．Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard英特尔、思科和惠普。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 专有名词要用公认的名称，不可以随便音译。 9．scope 严重性。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 scope在此不宜译成“幅度”。原文的上一段讲述了有关签证的糟糕局面，scope后面跟了problem一词，由此可以推断scope应译成“严重性”。 10．guidance 导向性政策。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 guidance(导向性政策)为常用时事词汇。 第2题 What Is the Force of Gravity? If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth's surface is called the weight of the object. All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than the Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth's surface. In fact, the moon's gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth. The Earth's gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth's gravitational pull. Entry into Space How can we overcome the Earth's gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth's gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth's gravitational pull and go into space. Rockets The powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will bum rapidly to form hot gases. At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted. When the gunpowder bums, hot gases or exhaust gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder bums. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion. 【正确答案】： 什么是重力? 假如你把一个球往上抛，它还会掉下来。球为什么会掉下来呢?球掉下来是因为球被吸引或拉向地球。地球对所有物体都施加吸引力。离地球较近的物体所受的吸引力，比远离地球的物体所受的吸引力大。这种吸引力通常叫做重力。作用于地球表面上物体的引力，叫做物体的重量。 空间所有的天体，如月球、行星和星星，对物体也都有吸引力。物体越大、越重，其引力也就越大。既然月球比地球小，因此，月球对月球表面上一物体施加的力，将比地球对地球表面上同一物体施加的力要小。实际上，月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一。这就是说，地球上一个重120公斤的物体，在月球上会只重20公斤。因此，在月球上你能举起的重量，将是你在地球上所能举起的最大重量的六倍。 地球的引力或拉力，使我们和地球上别的任何东西都不致飘浮到空间去。要飞向空间并到月球或其他行星去旅行，就必须克服地球的引力。 进入空间 怎样才能克服地球的引力呢?科学家们为此进行了长期的研究。直到最近，他们才能够制造出足以克服地球引力的强有力的机器。这种机器就称为宇宙火箭。宇宙火箭的巨大速度和强大的动力，帮助它挣脱地球的引力而进入空间。 火箭 强大的宇宙火箭的工作原理和简单的烟火火箭是一样的。烟火火箭有一圆柱形壳体和一锥形头部。壳体内充填黑色火药作为燃料。它是一种化学品的混合物，能迅速燃烧形成炽热的气体。 火箭的底部有一个通道，即喷口。从喷口伸出一根尾巴似的引信。沿壳体装着一根长棍，用以在引信点着以前确定火箭发射的方向。 当黑色火药燃烧时，炽热的气体，即燃气从喷门急速排出。只要黑色火药还在燃烧，燃气就不断急速排出。当这些燃气通过喷口往下喷出时，火箭就被向上推进。这就叫做喷气推进。图中所示的简单实验，可以帮助你了解喷气推进。 [采分点解析] 1．Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away．离地球较近的物体所受的吸引力，比远离地球的物体所受的吸引力大。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 that are nearer to the Earth和that are further away是两个限制性定语从句，把它们译为带“的”的定语短语，放在被修饰词之前。比较状语从句则按照正常顺序加“比”字即可。 2．heavenly bodies天体。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 heavenly不是一个副词而是一个形容词，意为“天上的”；body指“物体”。 3．Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than the Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth's surface．既然月球比地球小，因此，月球对月球表面上一物体施加的力，将比地球对地球表面上同一物体施加的力要小。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 一般遇到英语长句，就应仔细推敲，或按时间先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆，有主有次地对全句进行综合处理。首先要分析清楚这个复合句，since引导的是原因状语从句，主句中有过去分词短语作定语从句，又有than引导的比较状语从句。原因状语从句在汉译时，按汉语习惯把原因放在前面；限制性定语从句转换成定语短语。 4．Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth．因此，在月球上你能举起的重量，将是你在地球上所能举起的最大重量的六倍。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 定语从句译为汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以后置。than不译成“比……多……倍”，而要译成“是……倍”。 5．along the same lines以同样的方式。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 这是一个固定短语。例如：Could you write another programme along the same line(s)?你能否以同样的方式再编写一个程序? 6．The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel．壳体内充填黑色火药作为燃料。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文中的定语从句不翻译成“的”字定语前置，译成介词短语“作为燃料”使译文更符合中文习惯。 7．The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion．图中所示的简单实验，可以帮助你了解喷气推进。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 限制性的插入成分可以直接译为定语短语放到所修饰的词前。 第3题 Basketball Diplomacy CHINA'S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People's Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, presided over "Wang Zhizhi Day" in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He's even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs—and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: "I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky." Back in China, the nation's other basketball phenom, Yao Ming, can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No. 1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street. Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China's growing stature in the world. They're also emblematic of the NBA's outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world—on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision—this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be—in basketball parlance—the ultimate give-and-go. "This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy," says Xia Song, a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang. "Only with a much bigger hall." Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang's Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr.—son of the eccentric billionaire—to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. "You could hear them thinking: 'What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?'" Nelson recalls. "We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China." There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court. This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team—a dynamic semicapitalist club in China's most open city— would get its star to the NBA first. Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title—scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national-team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world's best players. 【正确答案】： 篮球外交 姚和王不仅仅是篮球队员中的奇人。这两座塔是国家的财富，是中国在世界上地位提高的象征。他们也是NBA梦想征服中国的象征。NBA，还在国内争斗的时候，就看到了在13亿潜在篮球迷的国土上的前景。中国——志在夺取2008年奥运会主办权和加入世界贸易组织——正急于在世界上留下标记，当然是按照自己的条件。两年来，让这些年轻球员加盟NBA的斗争已经演变成一场文化冲突——这种冲突被美中之间关于侦察飞机和贸易自由化的争吵大大淡化了。如果成功的话，它可能是——用一句篮球术语来说——最终的二人配合。“这就像乒乓外交，”夏松，一个代表王的体育市场经理人说，“只不过球个大些。” 两年前，这件事情更像是锁链。当小牛队早在1999年要挑选他们的明星时，王所在部队的头头们非常恼火。尼尔森仍记得与当时(小牛队)的拥有人罗斯，小皮劳特——那个行为古怪的亿万富翁的儿子——一块飞往北京，同面孔古板的人民解放军干部敲定一项交易的情景。“你能听见他们所想的：‘这个NBA球队在于什么，想对我们的财产提出要求吗?’”尼尔森回忆道。“我们试图解释这对王和中国都是一件光荣的事。”交易没达成。王变得十分沮丧，失去了场上锋芒。 这年，姚成为选定球员。他在得分和争抢篮板球方面超过了王，甚至在中国篮球协会联赛中夺走了他垂涎已久的MVP(最有价值球员)奖。表面看来，似乎他所在的上海队——一个中国最开放城市中充满活力的半资本主义俱乐部——将首先把它的球星送进NBA。 后来，3月巅峰来临。王打破消沉，率领八一队连续第六次摘取联赛桂冠——他在决赛中独得40分。一天以后，人民解放军宣布王可以自由地去西方，又为自己赢了不少分。是什么囚素导致了这种变化?毫无疑问，与小牛队致力于与中国官员建立信任的努力密不可分(甚至邀请国家队教练王飞在达拉斯度过 1999—2000赛季)。当然还有一些小小的中国人的自尊心因素。国家队在2000年奥运会结束时踉踉跄跄地挤到第10位，而在1996年列第8位。即使是最顽固的干部也会明白，只有把自己的球星派到海外向世界最优秀的球员学习，才能提高球队的水平。 [采分点解析] 1．freaks of nature 奇人。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 freaks of nature原意是“畸形的人或动植物”，但是根据全文来看，这里只是在指这两个人的高人和与众不同，所以，根据全文的基调要译为褒义的“奇人”。 2．The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans．NBA，还在国内争斗的时候，就看到了在13亿潜在篮球迷的国土上的前景。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 salvation在原文中指的是NBA发现了它们的援手王和姚，所以，salvation这个词不能按字面意思“解救办法”或“解救”来译。hoop fan篮球迷；常见相关短语还有：hoop team篮球队；hoopman篮球运动员。 3．China, determined to...to make its mark on the world—on its own terms．中国——志在……在世界上留下标记，当然是按照自己的条件。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 介词短语on its own terms译成独立的短句放在句子末尾，一方面符合汉语习惯，另一方面，也有强调的语气。 4．this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization．这种冲突被美中之间关于侦察飞机和贸易自由化的争吵大大淡化了。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 remove原意“消除”，但根据上下文的意思，虽然其他事宜成了谈论的焦点，但这些年轻球员的加盟并没有终止，因此，译成“淡化”符合上下文的意思。 from一词应理解为“由于”。 5．give-and-go二人配合。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 这是篮球运动中的一个术语，give可以理解为“传球”，go却是“接球后的前进”。 6．Mavericks小牛队。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 这是人所共知的美国NBA职业篮球联赛的一只西部球队。 7．Wang's Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999．当小牛队早在1999年要挑选他们的明星时，王所在部队的头头们非常恼火。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 draft(挑选)，后面back是副词，它跟后面的in 1999构成副词短语作为时间状语修饰从句中的谓语，意即“早在1999年”。have the nerve to(厚脸皮)： She had the nerve tO ask for more．她脸皮真厚，开口还要。翻译常用搭配have the nerve to时，不宜直译，从整个原文看，翻译时采取中立的态度最佳，译成“想要，要，打算”均可。 8．scoring and rebounding得分和篮板球。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 篮球运动术语。 9．the Chinese Basketball Association league中国篮球协会联赛。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 the Chinese Basketball Association league(中国篮球协会联赛)为专有名词。 10．Then came the March madness．后来，3月巅峰来临。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是倒装，译文应从后往前翻译。madness意译为“高峰，巅峰”。 11．A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West．一天以后，人民解放军宣布王可以自由地去西方，又为自己赢了不少分。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句只有一个谓语，但译文有两个并列的谓语“宣布，赢”。先翻译介词短语部分，然后使动词符合汉语习惯。介词by不用译出。 12．There was also the small matter of Chinese pride．当然还有一些小小的中国人的自尊心因素。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 前面提到What inspired the change of heart?(是什么因素导致了这种变化?)，下面提到的都是原因，所以本句的matter可译成“因素”。 二、Chinese-English Translation（本大题3小题．每题20.0分，共60.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into English . ） 第1题 中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要实现全中国人民广泛的自由、民主和人权。今天中国所焕发出来的巨人活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中的发展中大国，仍然必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。中国确保十二亿多人的生存权和发展权，这是对世界人权进步事业的重大贡献。 【正确答案】： The Chinese nation has always valued human dignity and value. Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of people being most important, believing that "man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters." Progress and develop ment of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized. The Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people in carrying out revolution, development and reform precisely for the purpose of ensuring the entire Chinese people broad freedoms, democracy and human rights. The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people. China's population reached around 60 million as early as in the first century. For several thousand years, to meet the people's need for food, clothing, housing and transport has all along been the primary human rights challenge for successive governments in Chinese history. In today's China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.2 billion, top priority should still be given to ensuring the greatest possible majority of its people the rights to subsistence and development. Otherwise, there would be no other rights to speak of. To have been able to ensure our people these rights is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause. [采分点解析] 1．还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of people being most important, believing that "man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters." Progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文为一个句子，首先要判断一下句子结构。根据原文的意思，可在第四个逗号处断开，译成两个独立的句子。断开的原文的两部分都各有两个动词：提出、认为；取决于、取决于。可以把第一部分的“认为” 译成现在分词；第二部分的译成并列动词。 2．“民为贵”的思想the idea of people being most important。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 一般来说，对有中国特色的短语或句子，最好采用解释内涵的方法，不能按字面意思翻译。 3．“天生万物，唯人为贵”“man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters．” [分析] 基本素质采分点。 与“民为贵”相同，这里也需要解释。而且这里采取的是合句法。把原文中的两个并列句合为一个简单句。 4．中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要实现全中国人民广泛的自由、民主和人权。The Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people in carrying out revolution, development and reform precisely for the purpose of ensuring the entire Chinese people broad freedoms, democracy and human rights. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文中的“就是要……”可以翻译成介词短语for the purpose of ensuring...作状语。原文“实现”的意思是确保/保证人民的权利，因此，不能译成“realize”。 realize指实现 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 、抱负等；了解；认识到或承认(某物)属实。这里用ensure较恰当。 5．中国共产党The Communist Party of China。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 中国共产党是一个专有名词，简写为CPC。 6．今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 如果按照原文“……是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照”翻译成“... is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic fights of the Chinese people”也不属于错译，但“拥有”实际指的是享有民主、自由的权利，所以，下面译文更好：...is a vivid reflection Of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people。display通常指显露、显示(某特性或情绪)，原文的“焕发出来”可译成display。 7．人权 human rights。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 人权human rights为时事词汇。 8．中国在公元一世纪人口就已达到过六千万左右，众多人口的衣食住行，几千年来一直是中国历代政府所要解决的首要人权问题。China's population reached around 60 million as early as in the first century. For several thousand years, to meet the people's need for food, clothing, housing and transport has all along been the primary human rights challenge for successive governments in Chinese history． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 首先把原文第一个逗号前的部分翻译成一句话。把“众多人口的衣食住行”翻译成动词不定式短语(to meet the people's need for food, clothing, housing and transport)充当第二句的主语。 9．今天的中国是一个有十二亿多人口的发展中大国，仍然必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。In today's China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.2 billion, top priority should still be given to ensuring the greatest possible majority of its people the rights to subsistence and development. Otherwise, there would be no other rights to speak of． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是几个简单句组成的一个复合句。而译文采用分句翻译法，分成了两个句子：一个复合句和一个简单句。(1)原文中的第一个分句被译为一个介词短语作时间状语，介词的宾语加上一个非限制性定语从句，即，In today's China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.2 billion；第二个分句译为主句，这里也算是用了合句法。(2)把原文中的第三个分句译为一个单独的简单句，并使用虚拟语气。 10．生存权和发展权the rights to subsistence and development。 [分析] 基本素质分点。 生存权和发展权the rights to subsistence and development为常见时事词汇。 第2题 艾滋病 艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体内的自然免疫系统，破坏人体的自卫能力。 艾滋病本身并不致命，但是，由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有能力来抵御其他许多疾病的侵袭，例如，肺炎、癌症、致盲性疾病和精神错乱。 艾滋病病毒存在于人的体液中。这种病毒可以通过性生活或共用静脉注射器传播，也可以通过血制品传播，并且可以从患爱滋病的孕妇身上传播给她的妊娠婴儿。 有关艾滋病传播的许多说法是错误的。与爱滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病，触摸他们用过的饮水杯或其他东西也不会传染上艾滋病。专家们说：没有人因为与艾滋病患者一起生适、照料艾滋病患者或触摸艾滋病患者而染上艾滋病。 【正确答案】： AIDS AIDS is a life-threatening sickness that attacks the body's natural defense system against disease. It can destroy the body's ability to protect itself. AIDS itself does not kill. But because the body's defense system is damaged, the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases, such as pneumonia, cancer, blindness and mental disorders. The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids. The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby. Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient. [采分点解析] 1．艾滋病AIDS。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 专有名词，全称为：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome。 2．免疫系统 defense system。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 免疫力immunity。immune有免疫力的：I am immune to smallpox as a result of vaccination．我种过牛痘了，所以对天花有免疫力。这里的免疫系统，可以用 immune system来表示有免疫力的系统，但是最好用defense system来指防止病毒入侵身体的防卫系统。 3．艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体内的自然免疫系统，破坏人体的自卫能力。AIDS is a life-threatening sickness that attacks the body's natural defense system against disease. It can destroy the body's ability to protect itself． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用分句翻译法。原文是三个分句组成的一个复合句，但译文分成两个句子。(1)把前两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。即，AIDS is a life threatening sickness that attacks the body's natural defense system against disease，(2)第三个分句译成独立句子。有时按照汉语的习惯而翻译出来的句子在英语中是冗长而且句意模糊不清的，所以有必要分开翻译。 4．这种病毒可以通过性生活或共用静脉注射器传播，也可以通过血制品传播，并且可以从患艾滋病的孕妇身上传播给她的妊娠婴儿。The virus cab be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句是由多个并列动词构成的简单句，可采用断句法翻译成两句话。译文中的两个分句中都使用了原文中动词pass表示“传播”。原文的介词短语“通过……”和“从……”在译文分句中都使用了副词或介词短语表示，即，passed sexually or by sharing instruments...和passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman...。“传播”也可泽成carry。 5．与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病，触摸他们用过的饮水杯或其他东西也不会传染上艾滋病。You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease．You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用分句法译成两句话，同时在译文中添加主语you。 第3题 时间之谜 如果你能够看懂时钟，你就可以知道一天的时间。但是谁也不知道，时间本身究竟是什么。时间是看不到、摸不着、听不见的，我们只能通过 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 时间消逝的办法才知道时间的存在。虽然我们成功地测量了时间的分分秒秒，但时间仍然是宇宙间极其神秘的现象之一。 思考时间的一个方法是设想一个没有时间的世界。那样，就不可能有运动了，因为时间和运动是不可分开的。一个没有时间的世界只有在没有变化的情况下才能存在。因为时间和变化是联系在一起的。当某件事发生变化时，你知道时间已经流逝。在现实世界里，变化是永无止境的，有一些变化，如月食，只发生在瞬间，而另一些变化则反复出现，比如日出和日落。人们一直注意那些反复出现的自然现象，在人们开始计算这些现象时，他们就开始测定时间了。 【正确答案】： MYSTERY OF TIME If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. Then there could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. When something changes, you know time has passed. In the real world, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. People have always noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to1 measure time． [采分点解析] 1．看懂时钟 read a clock。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 Read中文指“看、读、理解……的意义”。read a clock也是一个习惯用法。例如：A motorist must be able to read the traffic signs．机动车驾驶员必须能看懂交通标志。 2．时间是看不到、摸不着、听不见的，我们只能通过记录时间消逝的办法才知道时间的存在。We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个复合句，译成一个复合句和三个简单句以便内容更简单明了。原文“知道时间的存在”中的“存在”应该省掉不译，译文中的know已有此意。 3．虽然我们成功地测量了时间的分分秒秒，但时间仍然是宇宙间极其神秘的现象之一。For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用合句翻译法把原文的从句译为介词短语来作状语。这样句子结构更紧凑，也更符合英语习惯。 4．时间的分分秒秒 the tiniest parts of time。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 “时间的分分秒秒”也可以直译为every minute and every second。 5．一个没有时间的世界只有在没有变化的情况下才能存在。A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句译文要用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。 6．在现实世界里，变化是永无止境的，有一些变化，如月食，只发生在瞬间，而另一些变化则反复出现，比如日出和日落。In the real world, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文的一句话要译成三个简单句。“永无止境”可以翻译成never stop，without ceasing等。 7．人们一直注意那些反复出现的自然现象，在人们开始计算这些现象时，他们就开始测定时间了。People have always noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time． [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用断句法。(1)从原句的第一个逗号处断开，分译成两个大句。再把“反复出现的”译成定语从句，即，把第一个分句译为一个复合句。(2)把原文中的后两个分句译成一个含有时间状语从句的复合句。汉译英时，最重要的是进行解释，而汉语的意合特征经常让直译过去的英语晦涩难懂，因此，使用断句法可以更好地阐述原文。 跟多 试卷 云南省高中会考试卷哪里下载南京英语小升初试卷下载电路下试卷下载上海试卷下载口算试卷下载 请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com