江苏省高考英语试卷及答案

2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：HowmuchistheshirtA.￡.B.￡.C.￡.答案是C。1.WhatarethespeakerstalkingaboutA.Havingabirthdayparty.B.Doingsomeexercise.C.GettingLydiaagift.2.WhatisthewomangoingtodoA.Helptheman.B.Takeabus.C.Getacamera.3.WhatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoA.TellKate’stostop.B.CallKate’sfriends.C.StayawayfromKate.4.WheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplaceA.Inawineshop.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inarestaurant.5.WhatdoesthewomanmeanA.Keepthewindowclosed.B.Gooutforfreshair.C.Turnonthefan.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ，回答第6、7题。6.WhatisthemangoingtodothissummerA.Teachacourse.B.Repairhishouse.C.Workatahotel.7.HowwillthemanusethemoneyA.Tohireagardener.B.Tobuybooks.C.Topayforaboattrip.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakersA.Schoolmates.B.Colleagues.C.Roommates.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduationA.Workasaprogrammer.B.Travelaroundtheworld.C.Starthisownbusiness.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoesthewomanmakethecallA.Tobookahotelroom.B.Toaskabouttheroomservice.C.Tomakechangestoareservation.11.WhenwillthewomanarriveatthehotelA.OnSeptember15.B.OnSeptember16.C.OnSeptember23.12.HowmuchwillthewomanpayforherroompernightA.$179.B.$199.C.$219.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSaturdayA.Goingshopping.B.Goingcamping.C.Goingboating.14.WherewillthewomanstayinKeswickA.Inacountryinn.B.Inafive-starhotel.C.Inheraunt’shome.15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekendA.Visithisfriends.B.WatchDVDs.C.Jointhewoman.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordon’scomingweekendA.Relaxed.B.Boring.C.Busy.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhoisWangMingA.Astudent.B.Anemployer.C.Anengineer.18.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyearA.It’sunpredictable.B.It’squitestable.C.It’snotoptimistic.19.Whatpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow%.%.%.20.WhyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajobA.TheyneedmoreworkexperienceB.Thesalaryisusuallygood.C.Theirchoiceislimited.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B。21.Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that22.Moreefforts,asreported,______intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.A.aremadeB.willbemadeC.arebeingmadeD.havebeenmade23.Manyyoungpeople,most______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose24.—Canyoutellusyourforhappinessandalonglife—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt25.Hedidnoteasily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.A.approachB.wrestleC.compromiseD.communicate26.______somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.A.BecauseB.IfC.UnlessD.While27.Ifitforhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeenB.shouldnotbenottobenothavebeen28.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagewithinthework.A.tohideB.hiddenC.hidingD.beinghidden29.Dashan,whocrosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.A.willbelearningB.islearningC.hadbeenlearningD.hasbeenlearning30.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavethankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.A.fallenoffB.takenoffC.turnedoffD.leftoff31.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemoststatementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.A.explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary32.—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—.Oppositessometimesdoattract.A.IhopenotB.IthinksoC.IappreciatethatD.Ibegtodiffer33.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento______theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.A.gainadmissiontoB.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto34.Notuntilrecently______thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.A.theyhadencouragedB.hadtheyencouragedC.didtheyencourageD.theyencouraged35.—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.—Lackofself-confidenceishis______,Iamafraid.A.Achilles’heelB.child’splayC.greenfingersD.laststraw第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Yearsago,acriticaleventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.ImetKurtKampmeirofSuccessMotivationIncorporationforbreakfast.Whilewewere___36,Kurtaskedme,“John,whatisyour37forpersonalgrowthNeveratalossforwords,Itriedtofindthingsinmylifethatmight38forgrowth.ItoldhimaboutthemanyactivitiesinwhichIwas39.AndIwentintoa40abouthowhardIworkedandthegainsIwasmaking.Imusthavetalkedfortenminutes.Kurt41patiently,butthenhe42smiledandsaid,“Youdon’thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou”“No,I43.“Youknow,”Kurtsaidsimply,“growthisnota(n)44process.”Andthat’swhenit45me.Iwasn’tdoinganything46tomakemyselfbetter.Andatthatmoment,Imadethe47:Iwilldevelopandfollowapersonalgrowthplanformy48.Thatnight,Italkedtomywifeaboutmy49withKurtandwhatIhadlearned.I50hertheworkbookandtapesKurtwasselling.We51thatKurtwasn’tjusttryingtomakeasale.Hewasofferinga52forustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams.Severalimportantthingshappenedthatday.First,wedecidedto53theresources.Butmoreimportantly,wemadeacommitmentto54togetherasacouple.Fromthatdayon,welearnedtogether,traveledtogether,andsacrificedtogether.Itwasa55decision.Whiletoomanycouplesgrowapart,weweregrowingtogether.36.A.workingB.preparingC.thinkingD.eating37.A.suggestionB.demandC.planD.request38.A.appealB.lookC.callD.qualify39.A.involvedB.trappedC.lostD.bathed40.A.lectureB.speechC.discussionD.debate41.A.calculatedB.listenedC.drankD.explained42.A.eagerlyB.graduallyC.gratefullyD.finally43.A.admittedB.interruptedC.apologizedD.complained44.A.automaticB.slowC.independentD.changing45.A.confusedB.informedC.pleasedD.hit46.A.onloanB.onpurposeC.onsaleD.onbalance47.A.commentB.announcementC.decisionD.arrangement48.A.lifeB.progressC.performanceD.investment49.A.contractB.conversationC.negotiationD.argument50.A.lentB.soldC.showedD.offered51.A.recalledB.definedC.recognizedD.declared52.A.toolB.methodC.wayD.rule53.A.provideB.buyC.giveD.deliver54.A.growB.surviveC.moveD.gather55.A.difficultB.randomC.firmD.wise第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADayschoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovativerelevantandinteractiveLearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducationTheseon-linecoursesaretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachersarepartoftheTDSBStudent’stimetable;andappearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletionBenefitsofe-LearningInclude:AccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschoolUsingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:and.assistancetosolvetimetableconflictsIse-LearningforYouStudentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually;abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccessStudentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.B.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable.C.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports.D.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-learningcoursesA.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom---hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,areextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexpensivewithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps..IntestsconductedbyTomtasell,thechildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests,butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworldThecoreofwhatchildren’smindhaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.58.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimpsA.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey____.A.havetheinstincttohelpothersB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC.knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull60.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildrenCElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffectedA.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthatA.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageA.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.DNotsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherAmericanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantstochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShellyAnnaplaceinhisverystricttrainingseasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearlateratJamaica’sOlympicgamesinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).“Wheredidshecomefrom”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShellyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipinBriton,becomingworldchampionwithatimeofthefourthrecordever.Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann'sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn'ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShelly-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasaman’sworld.AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”OneofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.65.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-AnnA.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.66.WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly-Annbeforethe2008OlympicGamesA.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.B.Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals.C.Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D.Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.67.WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrackA.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann’squickprofit.C.HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.68.WhatcanweinferfromShelly-Ann'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5A.Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.B.Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.C.Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.D.Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.69.BymentioningMuhammadAli’swords,theauthorintendstotellusthat.A.playersshouldbehighlyinspiredbycoachesB.greatathletesneedtoconcentrateonpatienceC.hardworkisnecessaryinone’sachievementsD.motivationallowsgreatathletestobeonthetop70.WhatisthebesttitleforthepassageA.TheMakingofaGreatAthleteB.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformanceD.ThePowerofFullResponsibility第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)，muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的）system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face,andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.Regardingmemory:OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;I’mnolongercomfortablewritingifI’mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It’sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.Regardingjudgment:TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample,whenI’mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea,”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsinceI’vebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting).Butthat’stheupside(好处).ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainAprostheticnature荫●The(71)▲canhelpmakeupforourmentalandemotionaldeficienciesasawoodenlegcancompensateforabodilyde